Brachylophus gibbonsi
| Brachylophus gibbonsi | |
|---|---|
 | |
| reconstruction | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Class: | Sauropsida |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Iguania |
| Family: | Iguanidae |
| Genus: | Brachylophus |
| Species: | †B. gibbonsi |
| Binomial name | |
| Brachylophus gibbonsi Pregill & Steadman, 2004[1] | |
Brachylophus gibbonsi is an extinct species of large (~1.2 m long) iguanid lizard from Tonga in the South Pacific Ocean.[1] Its remains have been found associated with cultural sites on Lifuka, four other islands in the Haʻapai group, and Tongatapu.[1][2] It was consumed by the early Tongans and probably went extinct within a century of human colonization of the archipelago 2800 years ago.[1]
The three extant members of Brachylophus are much smaller, and are found in nearby Fiji. B. fasciatus is now present on Tonga as well, but was probably brought there from Fiji by humans about 800 years ago.[1] B. gibbonsi is estimated to have been about 1.8 times the length of its living relatives.[1] An even larger Fijian iguana of the genus Lapitiguana was also formerly present, and also went extinct shortly after the arrival of humans.
The genus Brachylophus has been suggested to have reached the South Pacific by rafting on the South Equatorial Current 9000 km westward from the Americas, where their closest extant relatives remain.[3][4][5] Another theory is that the South Pacific iguanas descend from a more widespread lineage of (now extinct) Old World iguanids that diverged from their New World relatives in the Paleogene, migrated to either Australia or Southeast Asia, and then somehow made their way to the Fijian and Tongan archipelagos.[6] However, no living or fossil members of the putative lineage have been found outside Fiji and Tonga.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Pregill, G. K.; Steadman, D. W. (March 2004). "South Pacific Iguanas: Human Impacts and a New Species". Journal of Herpetology 38 (1): 15–21. doi:10.1670/73-03A. JSTOR 1566081.
- ↑ Pregill, Gregory K.; Dye, Tom (1989). "Prehistoric Extinction of Giant Iguanas in Tonga". Copeia 1989 (2): 505–508. doi:10.2307/1445455. JSTOR 1445455.
- ↑ Cogger, Harold (1974). "Voyage of the Banded Iguana". Australia Natural History 18 (4): 144–149.
- ↑ Gibbons, J. R. H. (Jul 31, 1981). "The Biogeography of Brachylophus (Iguanidae) including the Description of a New Species, B. vitiensis, from Fiji". Journal of Herpetology 15 (3): 255–273. doi:10.2307/1563429. JSTOR 1563429.
- ↑ Keogh, J. Scott; Edwards, Danielle L.; Fisher, Robert N.; Harlow, Peter S. (2008-10-27). "Molecular and morphological analysis of the critically endangered Fijian iguanas reveals cryptic diversity and a complex biogeographic history". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 363 (1508): 3413–3426. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0120. PMC 2607380. PMID 18782726.
- ↑ Noonan, B.P.; Sites, J.W. Jr. (2009). "Tracing the origins of iguanid lizards and boine snakes of the Pacific". The American Naturalist 175 (1): 61–72. doi:10.1086/648607. PMID 19929634.