Boraginoideae

Boraginoideae
Borago officinalis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: (unplaced)
Family: Boraginaceae
Subfamily: Boraginoideae
Tribes

Echiochileae
Boragineae
Lithospermeae
Cynoglosseae

Boraginoideae is a subfamily of the flowering plant family Boraginaceae, as that family is defined in the APG III system of classification for flowering plants. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group has not actually specified subfamilies within Boraginaceae. Some taxonomists place the genera Codon and Wellstedia in Boraginoideae. Others place one or both of these in separate, monogeneric subfamilies. Codon was long regarded as an odd member of Hydrophylloideae, but in 1998, a molecular phylogenetic study showed that it is closer to Boraginoideae.[1]

Many of the botanists who work with Boraginaceae do not follow the APG III system.[2] Instead, they recognize five to eight families in the order Boraginales.[3]

Comparisons of DNA sequences by cladistic methods have strongly supported the division of Boraginoideae into four tribes: Echiochileae, Boragineae, Lithospermeae, and Cynoglosseae.[4]

Genera

The following list of genera consists of Codon plus the genera listed for Boraginoideae at the Germplasm Resources Information Network[5]

  • Actinocarya Benth.
  • Adelocaryum Brand
  • Afrotysonia Rauschert
  • Alkanna Tausch
  • Amblynotus (A.DC.) I. M. Johnst.
  • Amphibologyne Brand
  • Amsinckia Lehm.
  • Anchusa L.
  • Ancistrocarya Maxim.
  • Anoplocaryum Ledeb.
  • Antiotrema Hand.-Mazz.
  • Antiphytum DC. ex Meisn.
  • Arnebia Forssk.
  • Asperugo L.
  • Auxemma Miers
  • Borago L.
  • Bothriospermum Bunge
  • Brachybotrys Maxim. ex Oliv.
  • Brunnera Steven
  • Buglossoides Moench
  • Caccinia Savi
  • Carmona Cav.
  • Cerinthe L.
  • Chionocharis I. M. Johnst.
  • Choriantha Riedl
  • Codon L.
  • Craniospermum Lehm.
  • Cryptantha Lehm. ex G.Don
  • Cynoglossopsis Brand
  • Cynoglossum L.
  • Cynoglottis (Gusul.) Vural & Kit Tan
  • Cystostemon Balf.f.
  • Dasynotus I.M.Johnst.
  • Decalepidanthus Riedl
  • Echiochilon Desf.
  • Echiostachys Levyns
  • Echium L.
  • Elizaldia Willk.
  • Embadium J.M.Black
  • Eritrichium Schrad. ex Gaudin
  • Gastrocotyle Bunge
  • Gyrocaryum Valdés
  • Halacsya Dörfl.
  • Heliocarya Bunge
  • Heterocaryum A.DC.
  • Huynhia Greuter
  • Ivanjohnstonia Kazmi
  • Lacaitaea Brand
  • Lappula Moench
  • Lasiarrhenum I.M.Johnst.
  • Lasiocaryum I.M.Johnst.
  • LepechiniellaPopov
  • Lindelofia Lehm.
  • Lithodora Griseb.
  • Lithospermum L.
  • Lobostemon Lehm.
  • Macromeria D.Don
  • Maharanga A.DC.
  • Mairetis I.M.Johnst.
  • Mattiastrum (Boiss.) Brand
  • Mertensia Roth
  • Metaeritrichium W.T.Wang
  • Microcaryum I.M.Johnst.
  • Microula Benth.
  • Mimophytum Greenm.
  • Moltkia Lehm.
  • Moltkiopsis I.M.Johnst.
  • Moritzia DC. ex Meisn.
  • Myosotidium Hook.
  • Myosotis L.
  • Neatostema I.M.Johnst.
  • Nesocaryum I.M.Johnst.
  • Nogalia Verdc.
  • Nomosa I.M.Johnst.
  • Nonea Medik.
  • Ogastemma Brummitt
  • Omphalodes Mill.
  • Omphalolappula Brand
  • Omphalotrigonotis W.T.Wang
  • Onosma L.
  • Oxyosmyles Speg.
  • Paracaryum (A.DC.) Boiss.
  • Pardoglossum E.Barbier & Mathez
  • Pectocarya DC. ex Meisn.
  • Pentaglottis Tausch
  • Perittostema I.M. Johnst.
  • Plagiobothrys Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
  • Pseudomertensia Riedl
  • Psilolaemus I.M.Johnst.
  • Pulmonaria L.
  • Rindera Pall.
  • Rochelia Rchb.
  • Scapicephalus Ovcz. & Czukav.
  • Selkirkia (plantae) Hemsl.
  • Sericostoma Stocks
  • Sinojohnstonia Hu
  • Solenanthus Ledeb.
  • Stenosolenium Turcz.
  • Stephanocaryum Popov
  • Suchtelenia Kar. ex Meisn.
  • Symphytum L.
  • Thaumatocaryon Baill.
  • Thyrocarpus Hance
  • Tianschaniella B.Fedtsch. ex Popov
  • Trachelanthus Kunze
  • Trachystemon D.Don
  • Traxara Raf.
  • Trichodesma R.Br.
  • Trigonocaryum Trautv.
  • Trigonotis Steven
  • Ulugbekia Zakirov
  • Valentiniella Speg.
  • Wellstedia Balf.f.

References

  1. ↑ Diane M. Ferguson. 1998. "Phylogenetic Analysis and Relationships in Hydrophyllaceae Based on ndhF Sequence Data". Systematic Botany 23(3):253-268.
  2. ↑ Maximilian Weigend, Federico Luebert, Marc Gottschling, Thomas L.P. Couvreur, Hartmut H. Hilger and James S. Miller. 2014. "From capsules to nutlets — phylogenetic relationships in the Boraginales". Cladistics 30(5):508-518. doi:10.1111/cla.12061.
  3. ↑ Peter F. Stevens. (2001 onwards). "Boraginaceae". At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see External links below)
  4. ↑ James I. Cohen. 2014. "A phylogenetic analysis of morphological and molecular characters of Boraginaceae: evolutionary relationships, taxonomy, and patterns of character evolution". Cladistics 30(2):139-169. doi:10.1111/cla.12036
  5. ↑ "Genera of Boraginaceae subfam. Boraginoideae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2009-04-02.

External links