Bone morphogenetic protein 6

Rendering based on PDB 2QCW.

Available structures

Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB

List of PDB id codes
2QCW, 2R52, 2R53

Identifiers

Symbols

BMP6 ; VGR; VGR1

External IDs

OMIM: 112266 MGI: 88182 HomoloGene: 1300 GeneCards: BMP6 Gene

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• cytokine activity • growth factor activity • protein heterodimerization activity • BMP receptor binding
Cellular component	• extracellular space • cytoplasm • membrane-bounded vesicle
Biological process	• skeletal system development • osteoblast differentiation • eye development • kidney development • positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation • endochondral ossification • type B pancreatic cell development • inflammatory response • immune response • response to iron ion • positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation • response to activity • positive regulation of bone mineralization • BMP signaling pathway • male genitalia development • response to magnesium ion • positive regulation of chondrocyte differentiation • positive regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process • response to retinoic acid • growth • positive regulation of endothelial cell differentiation • positive regulation of neuron differentiation • positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation • positive regulation of protein secretion • cartilage development • response to glucocorticoid • SMAD protein signal transduction • cellular response to mechanical stimulus • positive regulation of DNA-dependent DNA replication • positive regulation of aldosterone secretion
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 6:
7.73 – 7.88 Mb

Chr 13:
38.35 – 38.5 Mb

PubMed search

Bone morphogenetic protein 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP6 gene.^[1]^[2]^[3]

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TGFβ superfamily. Bone morphogenetic proteins are known for their ability to induce the growth of bone and cartilage. BMP6 is able to induce all osteogenic markers in mesenchymal stem cells.

The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a family of secreted signaling molecules that can induce ectopic bone growth. BMPs are part of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. BMPs were originally identified by an ability of demineralized bone extract to induce endochondral osteogenesis in vivo in an extraskeletal site. Based on its expression early in embryogenesis, the BMP encoded by this gene has a proposed role in early development. In addition, the fact that this BMP is closely related to BMP5 and BMP7 has led to speculation of possible bone inductive activity. As of April 2009, an additional function of BMP6 has been identified as described in Nature Genetics April; 41 [4]:386-8. BMP6 is the key regulator of hepcidin, the small peptide secreted by the liver which is the major regulator of iron metabolism in mammals.

^[3]

References

↑ Hahn GV, Cohen RB, Wozney JM, Levitz CL, Shore EM, Zasloff MA, Kaplan FS (Dec 1992). "A bone morphogenetic protein subfamily: chromosomal localization of human genes for BMP5, BMP6, and BMP7". Genomics 14 (3): 759–62. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(05)80181-8. PMID 1427904.
↑ Sauermann U, Meyermann R, Schluesener HJ (Jan 1993). "Cloning of a novel TGF-beta related cytokine, the vgr, from rat brain: cloning of and comparison to homologous human cytokines". J Neurosci Res 33 (1): 142–7. doi:10.1002/jnr.490330118. PMID 1453478.
↑ 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: BMP6 bone morphogenetic protein 6".

Celeste AJ; Iannazzi JA; Taylor RC et al. (1991). "Identification of transforming growth factor beta family members present in bone-inductive protein purified from bovine bone". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (24): 9843–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.24.9843. PMC 55270. PMID 2263636.
Schluesener HJ, Meyermann R (1995). "Immunolocalization of BMP-6, a novel TGF-beta-related cytokine, in normal and atherosclerotic smooth muscle cells". Atherosclerosis 113 (2): 153–6. doi:10.1016/0021-9150(94)05438-O. PMID 7605353.
Gitelman SE; Kobrin MS; Ye JQ et al. (1994). "Recombinant Vgr-1/BMP-6-expressing tumors induce fibrosis and endochondral bone formation in vivo". J. Cell Biol. 126 (6): 1595–609. doi:10.1083/jcb.126.6.1595. PMC 2290953. PMID 8089189.
Barnes J, Anthony CT, Wall N, Steiner MS (1997). "Bone morphogenetic protein-6 expression in normal and malignant prostate". World Journal of Urology 13 (6): 337–43. PMID 9116752.
Hamdy FC; Autzen P; Robinson MC et al. (1997). "Immunolocalization and messenger RNA expression of bone morphogenetic protein-6 in human benign and malignant prostatic tissue". Cancer Res. 57 (19): 4427–31. PMID 9331107.
Olavesen MG; Bentley E; Mason RV et al. (1998). "Fine mapping of 39 ESTs on human chromosome 6p23-p25". Genomics 46 (2): 303–6. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.5032. PMID 9417921.
Rickard DJ; Hofbauer LC; Bonde SK et al. (1998). "Bone morphogenetic protein-6 production in human osteoblastic cell lines. Selective regulation by estrogen". J. Clin. Invest. 101 (2): 413–22. doi:10.1172/JCI119880. PMC 508581. PMID 9435314.
Tamada H; Kitazawa R; Gohji K et al. (1998). "Molecular cloning and analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the human bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6)". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1395 (3): 247–51. doi:10.1016/S0167-4781(97)00191-7. PMID 9512655.
Ebisawa T; Tada K; Kitajima I et al. (2000). "Characterization of bone morphogenetic protein-6 signaling pathways in osteoblast differentiation". J. Cell. Sci. 112 (20): 3519–27. PMID 10504300.
Heikinheimo KA; Laine MA; Ritvos OV et al. (1999). "Bone morphogenetic protein-6 is a marker of serous acinar cell differentiation in normal and neoplastic human salivary gland". Cancer Res. 59 (22): 5815–21. PMID 10582704.
Ahmed N; Sammons J; Carson RJ et al. (2001). "Effect of bone morphogenetic protein-6 on haemopoietic stem cells and cytokine production in normal human bone marrow stroma". Cell Biol. Int. 25 (5): 429–35. doi:10.1006/cbir.2000.0662. PMID 11401330.
Shimizu M; Higuchi K; Kasai S et al. (2003). "A congenic mouse and candidate gene at the Chromosome 13 locus regulating bone density". Mamm. Genome 13 (7): 335–40. doi:10.1007/s00335-001-2129-4. PMID 12140680.
Strausberg RL; Feingold EA; Grouse LH et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Moser M; Binder O; Wu Y et al. (2003). "BMPER, a novel endothelial cell precursor-derived protein, antagonizes bone morphogenetic protein signaling and endothelial cell differentiation". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (16): 5664–79. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.16.5664-5679.2003. PMC 166349. PMID 12897139.
Bobacz K; Gruber R; Soleiman A et al. (2003). "Expression of bone morphogenetic protein 6 in healthy and osteoarthritic human articular chondrocytes and stimulation of matrix synthesis in vitro". Arthritis Rheum. 48 (9): 2501–8. doi:10.1002/art.11248. PMID 13130469.
Lories RJ, Derese I, Ceuppens JL, Luyten FP (2003). "Bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 6, expressed in arthritic synovium, are regulated by proinflammatory cytokines and differentially modulate fibroblast-like synoviocyte apoptosis". Arthritis Rheum. 48 (10): 2807–18. doi:10.1002/art.11389. PMID 14558086.
Mungall AJ; Palmer SA; Sims SK et al. (2003). "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6". Nature 425 (6960): 805–11. doi:10.1038/nature02055. PMID 14574404.
Laurikkala J; Kassai Y; Pakkasjärvi L et al. (2004). "Identification of a secreted BMP antagonist, ectodin, integrating BMP, FGF, and SHH signals from the tooth enamel knot". Dev. Biol. 264 (1): 91–105. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2003.08.011. PMID 14623234.

Cell signaling: TGF beta signaling pathway

TGF beta superfamily of ligands

TGF beta family	TGF-β1 TGF-β2 TGF-β3

Bone morphogenetic proteins	BMP2 BMP3 BMP4 BMP5 BMP6 BMP7 BMP8a BMP8b BMP10 BMP15

Growth differentiation factors	GDF1 GDF2 GDF3 GDF5 GDF6 GDF7 Myostatin/GDF8 GDF9 GDF10 GDF11 GDF15

Other	Activin and inhibin Anti-müllerian hormone Nodal

TGF beta receptors
(Activin, BMP)

TGFBR1:	Activin type 1 receptors ACVR1 ACVR1B ACVR1C ACVRL1 BMPR1 BMPR1A BMPR1B

TGFBR2:	Activin type 2 receptors ACVR2A ACVR2B AMHR2 BMPR2

TGFBR3:	betaglycan

Transducers/SMAD

Ligand inhibitors

Coreceptors

BAMBI
Cripto

Other

SARA

Index of signal transduction

Description	Intercellular neuropeptides growth factors cytokines hormones Cell surface receptors ligand-gated enzyme-linked G protein-coupled immunoglobulin superfamily integrins neuropeptide growth factor cytokine Intracellular adaptor proteins GTP-binding MAP kinase Calcium signaling Lipid signaling Pathways hedgehog Wnt TGF beta MAPK ERK notch JAK-STAT apoptosis hippo TLR

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

Bone morphogenetic protein 6

References

Further reading