Blue Line (Los Angeles Metro)

Metro Blue Line

Metro Blue Line train heading to Long Beach arrives at Willow Street station.
Overview
Owner	Metro Rail
Transit type	Light rail
Line number	801
Number of stations	22
Daily ridership	87,516 (July 2014; avg. weekday)[1][2]
Website	Blue Line
Operation
Began operation	July 14, 1990 (July 14, 1990)
Operator(s)	Metro (LACMTA)
Character	Mostly at-grade in private right-of-way, with some street-running, elevated and underground sections.
Number of vehicles	Nippon Sharyo P865 and P2020 Siemens P2000
Train length	2–3 cars
Technical
System length	22.0 mi (35.4 km)[3]
No. of tracks	2
Track gauge	4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) (standard gauge)
Electrification	750 V DC overhead catenary
System map Legend edit Regional Connector 7th St/Metro Center         Flower Street (tunnel) Pico     Interstate 10 Expo Line Grand/LATTC San Pedro Street Washington Vernon Slauson Florence Firestone 103rd Street/Watts Towers Willowbrook/Rosa Parks   Interstate 105 Compton Compton Creek Artesia State Route 91 Del Amo Interstate 710 Los Angeles River Interstate 405 Wardlow Willow St Pacific Coast Highway Anaheim St 5th Street Pacific Av 1st Street Downtown Long Beach

The Blue Line is a 22.0-mile (35.4 km)^[3] light rail line running north-south between Long Beach and Downtown Los Angeles, passing through Downtown LA, South Los Angeles, Watts, Willowbrook, Compton, and Long Beach in Los Angeles County; it is one of six lines in the Metro Rail System. Opened in 1990,^[3] it is the oldest and second busiest line in the system with an estimated 28.48 million boardings per year as of October 2013.^[3] There are 69 cars in the Blue Line fleet.^[3] It is operated by the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority.

The Blue Line passes near the cities of Vernon, Huntington Park, Lynwood, and Carson. The famous Watts Towers can be seen from the train near 103rd Street station. The under construction Regional Connector would directly link this line to Union Station.

Service description

Route

The Metro Blue Line runs between Downtown Los Angeles and Downtown Long Beach. The line is 22.0 miles (35.4 km) long, with 22 stations.^[3] The line's northern terminus is located at 7th Street/Metro Center, from which it runs south along Flower Street, sharing tracks with the Expo Line. Passengers can connect to the Metro Silver Line bus rapid transit line at 7th Street/Metro Center and Pico stations. The two lines diverge at Flower Street and Washington Boulevard just south of Downtown Los Angeles. Here the Blue Line turns east on Washington Boulevard before turning south on Long Beach Avenue to join the Pacific Electric four-track right-of-way to Willow Station which runs as far as Long Beach where the line follows Long Beach Boulevard to the Long Beach Transit Mall, which is a loop involving Long Beach Boulevard, 1st Street, Pacific Avenue and 8th Street. There are some elevated structures and stations south of Downtown Los Angeles as well as a short tunneled section within Downtown Los Angeles. The Blue Line connects with the Metro Green Line at Willowbrook station.

Hours of operation

Trains run between approximately 4:45 a.m. and 1:00 a.m. the following morning.^[4] On Friday and Saturday evenings, trains are extended until 2:00 a.m. of the following morning. First and last train times are as follows:

To/From Long Beach

Northbound

• First Train to 7th Street/Metro Center: 4:46 a.m.
• Last Train to 7th Street/Metro Center: 12:03 a.m. (2:07 a.m. on Friday and Saturday evenings)

Southbound

• First Train to Long Beach: 5:00 a.m.
• Last Train to Long Beach: 1:01 a.m. (2:05 a.m. on Friday and Saturday evenings)

Of note, some trains operate at later or earlier times due to the Blue Line making the turnaround in Downtown Long Beach.

Headways

Trains on the Blue Line operate every six minutes during peak hours Monday through Friday.^[5] They operate every twelve minutes during the daytime weekdays and all day on the weekends after approximately 9 a.m. (with a 15-minute headway early Saturday and Sunday mornings). Night service consists of ten-minute headways.

During peak hours, every other train serves only the stations between Willow and 7th Street/Metro Center to decrease the headway on that portion of the route. Willow was chosen because of its proximity to the Blue Line storage yard and because it is the last southbound station with a park-and-ride lot. In the evening rush hour, riders will see some trains destined to "Willow" and others to "Long Beach". Consequently, those riders destined to Long Beach must exit at Willow Station and wait for the next train which will terminate at Downtown Long Beach Station.

This is where the Metro Blue Line trains cross an "X" intersection in Downtown Long Beach. The Blue Line splits south into one track only for the loop.

Ridership

The Blue Line was originally projected to have a daily ridership of 5,000.^[6] Within the first months of service, daily ridership had reached 12,000, and by the end of the first year of service, daily ridership was at 32,000.^[6]

As of July 2011, Metro had estimated that the Blue Line had over 90,000 average weekday boardings, and 26.26 million yearly boardings. As of October 2013, the Blue Line had an average weekday ridership of 88,095,^[1][2] and Saturday and Sunday boardings of 60,339 and 46,897, respectively,^[1] which would correspond to 28.48 million boardings per year.

History

The original red car streetcar service on the route, which was operated by Pacific Electric Railway, began service in 1902. In 1958 the remains of the then troubled Pacific Electric Railway and Los Angeles Railway systems were taken over by the original Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority and the line was soon converted to bus operation in 1961. The transit authority was then taken over by the Southern California Rapid Transit District in 1964.

The current line opened on July 16, 1990, at a cost of US$877 million.^[3] Design and construction was managed by the Rail Construction Corporation, now a subsidiary of the new Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (also known as Metro)^[6] which was formed in 1993 by a merger of the Southern California Rapid Transit District and the Los Angeles County Transportation Commission.

It was planned that the current line would continue to Union Station but work on this project was halted indefinitely after the 1998 county ballot was approved which banned the use of existing sales tax revenue for subway projects. Work began on a section to Pasadena in 1998 but this was also suspended following the ballot. Adam Schiff subsequently authored a bill that created a separate authority to continue work on the Pasadena section, construction began again in 2000 and on opening it was branded as the Gold Line since there was no direct connection between its starting point at Union Station and the Blue Line. There are current proposals to join these two lines by building 'Regional Connector tunnel' between the 7th Street station terminus of the blue line and Little Tokyo/Arts District station on the now extended Gold Line.

The line was originally operated by two-car trains, but proved more popular than expected and 19 platforms were lengthened to accommodate three-car trains in 2000-2001 at a cost of US $11 million. The three-car trains are composed of articulated double rail cars, meaning an effective six-car train.

In 2006, the Metro Blue Line began using automated stop announcements after the Metro Green and Gold Lines had automated stop announcements since 2004. The announcements do not have the same voice as the Siemens trains operated on the Metro Green Line but is the same voice as the one that can be heard on the other Nippon Sharyo trains used on the Expo Line and the AnsaldoBreda trains of the Metro Red/Purple Lines.

In 2007, many Metro Blue Line intersections underwent extensive track repairs between Willowbrook and Compton, taking place Friday-Sunday nights.

Construction of the Metro Expo Line which links with the Blue Line at 7th Street began in 2006^[7] entering service on April 28, 2012.^[8]

On December 13, 2009, the Metro Silver Line, Metro's second Metro Transitway (bus rapid transit) line, began service between the Harbor Gateway Transit Center, Downtown Los Angeles and El Monte Station. Unlike the Blue Line, the Silver Line charges extra since the line runs on the I-110 freeway. The Metro Blue Line and the Metro Silver Line are roughly 2–4 miles apart. Some former Blue Line passengers have switched to the Metro Silver Line. When there are delays and technical problems on the Blue Line, Metro temporarily removes the extra charge on the Silver Line so that passengers can use it instead. Ridership has increased on the Metro Silver Line since its opening, but not enough to relieve the Blue Line's ridership.

Proposed developments

Regional Connector Transit Corridor (extension into Downtown Los Angeles)

Metro is currently constructing the Regional Connector, a light rail subway project in Downtown Los Angeles that will connect the Blue and Expo Lines to the Gold Line and allow a seamless one-seat ride between the Blue and Expo Lines' current terminus at 7th Street/Metro Center and Union Station. When this project is completed, Blue Line trains will be able to pass through Downtown Los Angeles to the City of Azusa.

Currently, to reach Union Station, passengers must transfer to the Red or Purple line from 7th Street/Metro Center; yet, once the Regional Connector project is completed, the Blue Line will be able to travel to Azusa, while the Gold line will be able to travel to Santa Monica, because the Foothill Extension of the Gold Line to Azusa and Phase II of the Expo line to Downtown Santa Monica are expected to be already completed by the time, the connector is open for service.

Colors for these new lines have not yet been officially announced, but it seems likely that the Blue Line-northern leg of the Gold Line will become the new Blue Line, and the current Expo Line-eastern leg of the Gold Line will become the new Gold Line. The groundbreaking for the construction of the Regional Connector Transit Corridor took place on September 30, 2014, and it is expected to be in public service by 2020.

Current issues

Capacity limits

This is where the Metro Blue and Expo Lines separate into their own routes.

Blue Line train arriving at 7th Street Metro Center. LACMTA uses rolling stock interchangeably on the Expo and Blue Lines; this train departed minutes later on the Expo route.

The line often operates at capacity, and various options to increase capacity have been considered, such as four-car trains or more frequent trains. Both have problems: it would be difficult or impossible to lengthen some of the station platforms, and the number of trains already causes delays for other vehicles at level crossings. Thus it may not be possible to increase Blue Line ridership without an extremely expensive grade-separation project, either by elevation, by an entrenchment method similar to that used by the nearby Alameda Corridor freight rail "expressway", or by building another parallel transit corridor to relieve capacity strains from the Blue Line. When the Regional Connector project linking Blue and Expo Line tracks with the Gold Line tracks in Little Tokyo is completed, this may result in even more capacity problems, with ridership expected to grow even more once the connector is open for service.

Safety at level crossings

A Metro Blue Line train heading to Long Beach arrives at the station.

Over 100 motorists and pedestrians have been killed at Blue Line level crossings since 1990 and there have been more than 800 collisions,^[9] making the line easily the deadliest and most collision-prone rail line in the country.^[10]

Train at the Slauson station

In 1998, Booz Allen Hamilton, Inc. was commissioned by MTA to evaluate the cause of Blue Line collisions and recommend affordable solutions. The study reported that the high ridership (over 70,000 per day) was a contributor:

"The MBL has one of the highest ridership counts for light rail lines in the Country. This factor is perhaps the most important contributor to the grade crossing accident rate. The high ridership results in increased pedestrian traffic near stations as compared to other light rail systems. In addition, although MTA Operations does not allow high passenger loads dictate safe operations, there is pressure to maintain travel times and headway schedule requirements (e.g., passenger trip from Los Angeles to Long Beach in less than one hour)."

Other identified contributing factors were the high local population density that leads to more pedestrian and vehicular traffic around the tracks, diverse varied socio-economic community around the line that create literacy and language difficulties for public education campaigns, driver frustration due to the slow traffic speeds around the line that leads to more risk taking behavior, and the shared right-of-way with freight traffic in the fastest running section from Washington station to Willow station, where trains operate at a maximum of 55 mph (89 km/h) between stations.

The collision rate has declined somewhat following the installation of four-quadrant gates at some crossings where the Blue Line shares the right-of-way with freight rail between Washington station and Del Amo station. The gates prevent drivers from going around lowered gates. In addition, cameras are used along some problem intersections to issue traffic tickets when drivers go around gates. Yet there are still many more collisions and deaths than on comparable lines. On May 9, 2006, a Blue Line train hit a car on Washington Blvd at San Pedro Street. On December 22, 2006, a Metro Blue Line train crashed into a fire truck. The fire truck was on its way to an emergency. On January 26, 2007, a 14-year old boy named Lavert Baker, Jr. was killed on his way walking home from school by a Blue Line train that was carrying his closest sister.^[11]

However, four-quadrant gates are not a feasible mitigation option in the most collision-prone section of the line from Pico station to Washington station and from Willow station to Pacific station. On May 16, 2007, a teenage girl, who was reportedly talking on her cell phone, was killed by a Blue Line train when crossing the tracks without looking in both directions.

Inside the Metro Blue Line interior. The Metro Expo Line will use of these trains for Phase 1 service. The Metro Blue Line will be using these trains, but it will also begin using the Siemens P2000 trains from the Metro Gold Line.

A Blue Line train somewhere in Long Beach.

Station listing

Metro Blue Line departing 1st Street Station.

The following is the complete list of stations, from north to south.

Station	Connections/Notes	Date opened	City
7th Street/Metro Center	Metro Red Line   Metro Purple Line   Metro Expo Line   Metro Silver Line Metro Local: 14, 16, 18, 20, 37, 51, 52, 53, 55, 57, 60, 62, 66, 70, 71, 75, 76, 78, 79, 81, 96, 316, 352, 355, 357, 378 Metro Express: 442, 450, 460, 487, 489 Metro Rapid: 720, 760, 770 Antelope Valley Transit Authority: 785* City of Santa Clarita Transit: 799* Foothill Transit: 481*, 493*, 497*, 498*, 499*, 699*, Silver Streak LADOT Commuter Express*: 409, 422, 423, 430, 431, 437, 438, 448, 534 LADOT DASH: A, B, C (weekdays only), DD (weekends only), E, F Montebello Transit: 40, 50, 341*, 342* Orange County Transportation Authority: 701*, 721* Santa Monica Transit: 10 Torrance Transit: 4 *Indicates commuter service that operates only during weekday rush hours.	February 15, 1991	Downtown Los Angeles
Pico	Metro Expo Line Metro Silver Line   Metro Local: 30, 57, 81, 330, 357, 442, 460 LADOT DASH: F LADOT Commuter Express: 419, 422, 423, 438, 448	July 14, 1990
Grand/LATTC	Metro Local: 14, 35, 37, 38, 55, 355, 603 LADOT DASH: D, Pico Union/Echo Park Torrance Transit: 1, 2	July 14, 1990
San Pedro Street	Metro Local: 51, 52, 352 LADOT DASH: E, King-East Montebello Bus Lines: 50	July 14, 1990
Washington	Montebello Bus Lines: 50	July 14, 1990	Los Angeles
Vernon	Metro Local: 105 Metro Rapid: 705 LADOT DASH: Pueblo Del Rio, Southeast	July 14, 1990	South Los Angeles
Slauson	Metro Local: 108, 358 LADOT DASH: Pueblo Del Rio	July 14, 1990
Florence	Metro Local: 102, 110, 111, 203, 311, 611 LADOT DASH: Chesterfield Square	July 14, 1990	Florence
Firestone	Metro Local: 55, 57, 75, 115, 254, 355, 357	July 14, 1990
103rd Street/Watts Towers	Metro Local: 117, 254, 612 LADOT DASH: Watts	July 14, 1990	Watts
Willowbrook	Metro Green Line Metro Local: 55, 120, 202, 205, 355, 612 Gardena Transit: 5 Hahn's Trolley and Shuttle: 1, 2, 3 LADOT DASH Watts Lynwood Trolley Route: D	July 14, 1990	Willowbrook
Compton	Metro Local: 51, 60 (Owl Service Only), 125, 127, 128, 202 Compton Renaissance Transit: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Gardena Transit: 3 Greyhound Lines	July 14, 1990	Compton
Artesia	Metro Local: 60, 130, 202, 205, 260 Metro Rapid: 762 Long Beach Transit: 51, 52, 61 Compton Renaissance Transit: 5 Torrance Transit: 6	July 14, 1990
Del Amo	Metro Local: 202 Carson Circuit Transit System: D, G Long Beach Transit: 191, 192	July 14, 1990	Carson
Wardlow	Long Beach Transit: 1, 131, 181, 182	July 14, 1990	Long Beach
Willow Street	Metro Local: 60 (Late Night/ Owl service only), 203 Long Beach Transit: 51, 52, 101, 102, 103, 104	July 14, 1990
Pacific Coast Highway	Metro Local: 60 (Late Night/ Owl service only), 203 Long Beach Transit: 1, 51, 52, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176ZAP	July 14, 1990
Anaheim Street	Metro Local: 60 (Late Night/ Owl service only), 203, 232 Long Beach Transit: 1, 45, 46, 51, 52	July 14, 1990
5th Street (southbound only)	Metro Local: 60 (Late Night/ Owl service only), 203, 232	September 1990
1st Street (southbound only)	Metro Local: 60 (Late Night/ Owl service only), 203, 232	September 1990
Downtown Long Beach (northbound only)	Metro Local: 60 (Late Night/ Owl service only), 203, 232 Long Beach Transit: 1, 21, 22, 46, 51, 52, 61, 71, 72, 81, 91, 92, 93, 94, 111, 112, 121, 151, 172, 173, 174, 181, 182, 191, 192, Passport Commuter Express: 142 Torrance Transit: 3	September 1990
Pacific Avenue (northbound only)	Commuter Express: 142	September 1990

Metro Blue Line Nippo P850 train leaving Long Beach Civic Center Station.

Operations

On Metro Rail Operations' internal timetables, the Blue Line is called line 801.

Maintenance facilities

The Blue Line is operated out of the Division 11 Yard (208th Street Yard) located at 4170 East 208th Street. This yard stores the fleet used on the Blue Line. It is also where heavy maintenance is done on the fleet. The Yard is located between Del Amo and Wardlow stations. Trains get to this yard via a wye junction on the southbound tracks. Northbound trains can enter and exit the yard via the cross tracks on the north and south side of the junction.

Rolling stock

The Blue Line uses cars from the Nippon Sharyo company. Although three-car lengths are the norm due to high ridership, some two-car pairs are used late at night and on weekend mornings.

When the Blue Line opened, the line originally had 54 cars (P865; 100-153). In 2000, the Blue Line added 15 cars (P2020; 154-168) from the Metro Green Line after the Green Line began using Siemens P2000 cars.^[12] The Blue Line currently has 69 train cars in its fleet.

Currently, 66 cars are in the yellow/white livery. Past livery was sky/light/dark blue and red lines on white. In 2000, Cars 109 and 148 were painted red to celebrate an anniversary of the Pacific Electric Railway. These red-painted cars were repainted to a silver livery, similar to the 700-750 series cars,^[13] but in 2008, Cars 109 and 148 were repainted to match most of the fleet. Also, Car 105 uses a livery that is all white with black lettering, similar to Car 302. As of August 2013, Car 148 debuted a new livery featuring "bold reflective yellow markings and white super-graphics overlaid onto painted cool greys … intended for the entire rail fleet."^[14]

The Blue Line uses Nippon Sharyo P865 & P2020 and Siemens P2000 trains, which are in use on both the Blue and Expo lines.

Blue Line vehicles are maintained and stored at the Division 11 yard in Long Beach between Del Amo and Wardlow stations. This facility has capacity for storing and maintaining 86 light rail cars.

Incidents

• In September 2008 a Blue Line train struck a Metro bus on one of the tracks; 15 people were injured. A mechanic was taking the bus on a test run and was not injured.^[15] This incident happened only one week after the 2008 Chatsworth train collision in which 25 people died following a head-on collision between a Metrolink train and a freight train.
• In November 2009 a woman was struck and killed by a train near the Willowbrook station.
• In December 2009, a 65 year-old man was struck and killed by an oncoming train at the intersection of Long Beach Avenue and Vernon Avenue as the train was approaching Vernon station.
• In January 2010, an automobile collided with a Blue Line train at Washington and Olive.
• In July 2010, a Blue Line train which reportedly ran a red light struck a police cruiser on 16th Street & Long Beach Boulevard.^[16]
• In the same month eight people were injured, six of whom were aboard the bus when a Blue Line train collided with another Metro bus at Broadway and Washington Boulevard.^[17]

In popular culture

• At the opening of the Blue Line, an exclusive VHS tape starring the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles was given out for free. In it, the Turtles work to promote the new train line.^[18]
• In the 2003 remake of The Italian Job, the main characters drive their BMW MINI Coopers into the 7th Street / Metro Center station, standing in for the Hollywood/Highland Red Line Station, and are nearly hit by a Blue Line train. The character Lyle cuts all power to the station, stopping the trains.
• In Heat, the movie opens with Neil McCauley (Robert De Niro) getting off a train at Firestone station. A Blue Line train is also featured on the movie poster.
• The final scene of Collateral takes place on the Blue Line, starting at 7th Street/Metro Center (Los Angeles Metro station) and then heading south.

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to LACMTA Blue Line.

• Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority
• Blue Line homepage
• Blue Line schedule
• Blue Line connections overview
• A History of the Blue Line: A Light Rail Success Story by the Transit Coalition
• Killing Time on the Ghetto Blue from the LA Weekly
• Delivery of The First Metro Blue Line Vehicle

Blue Line Stations 1st Street 5th Street 7th Street/Metro Center 103rd Street/Watts Towers Anaheim Street Artesia Compton Del Amo Downtown Long Beach Firestone Florence Grand Pacific Avenue Pacific Coast Highway Pico San Pedro Street Slauson Vernon Wardlow Washington Willow Street Willowbrook Metro Rail Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority

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