Bitot's spots

Bitot's spots
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	E50.1
ICD-9	264.1

Bitot's spots are the buildup of keratin located superficially in the conjunctiva, which are oval, triangular or irregular in shape. These spots are a sign of vitamin A deficiency and are associated with conjunctival xerosis. In 1863, Pierre Bitot (1822-1888), a French physician, first described these spots.^[1]

In ancient Egypt, this was treated with animal liver, which is where vitamin A is stored.^[2]

Treatment

Vitamin A
Beta carotene

References

↑ Shukla, M; Behari, K (Jul 1979). "Congenital Bitot spots.". Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 27 (2): 63–4. PMID 541036.
↑ Numitor, Gerd (February 2012). Bitot's Spots. Flu Press. ISBN 978-620-0-57824-2.

External links

1174798366 at GPnotebook
Illustration
BJO Online
Online Atlas of Ophthalmology at the University of Iowa

Malnutrition or nutrition disorders (E40–E68, 260–269)

Undernutrition

Protein-energy
malnutrition

Avitaminosis

B vitamins	B₁: Beriberi / Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (Wernicke's encephalopathy Korsakoff's syndrome) B₂: Ariboflavinosis B₃: Pellagra (Niacin deficiency) B₆: Pyridoxine deficiency B₇: Biotin deficiency B₉: Folate deficiency B₁₂: Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency

Other vitamins	A: Vitamin A deficiency/Bitot's spots C: Scurvy D: Hypovitaminosis D/Rickets/Osteomalacia E: Vitamin E deficiency K: Vitamin K deficiency

Mineral
deficiency

Overnutrition

Overweight Obesity	Childhood obesity Obesity hypoventilation syndrome Abdominal obesity

Vitamin poisoning	Hypervitaminosis A Hypervitaminosis D Hypervitaminosis E

Mineral overload	see inborn errors of metal metabolism, toxicity

Index of nutrition

Description	Vitamins metabolism Cofactors Metal metabolism Fats metabolism intermediates lipoproteins Sugars Glycolysis enzymes Glycogenesis and glycogenolysis intermediates Fructose and galactose intermediates

Disease	Vitamins Carbohydrate Lipid storage Metals Other Symptoms and signs eponymous

Treatment	Drugs obesity lipid-modifying Vitamins Mineral supplements

Eponymous medical signs for eyes and ears

Eyes

Adnexa	lacrimal: Schirmer's test eyelid: Abadie's sign of exophthalmic goiter Boston's sign Dalrymple's sign Stellwag's sign

Globe	pupil: Argyll Robertson pupils Adie pupil Marcus Gunn pupil iris: Fleischer ring Kayser-Fleischer ring Brushfield spots Lisch nodule conjunctiva: Bitot's spots Arlt's line retina: Hollenhorst plaque Roth's spot Fuchs spot others: Alexander's law Hirschberg test Siegrist streaks Hudson–Stahli line

Ears

Index of the eye

Description	Anatomy orbit neural pathways Physiology Phenomena appearance visual optical illusions proteins Development

Disease	Congenital Corneal dystrophy Neoplasms and cancer Other Symptoms and signs

Treatment	Procedures Drugs infection glaucoma and miosis mydriatics vascular

Index of the ear

Description	Anatomy neural pathways Physiology Development

Disease	Congenital Other motion sickness Symptoms and signs

Treatment	Procedures Drugs