Binghamton, New York

This article is about the city in New York State. For the adjacent town, see Binghamton (town), New York. For other uses, see Binghamton (disambiguation).
Binghamton
City

Clockwise from top: Binghamton skyline, the Endicott Johnson Square Deal Arch, the South Washington Street Bridge, the Ross Park Zoo carousel, Court Street Historic District, downtown in winter, and the Spiedie Fest and Balloon Rally.
Nickname(s): The Parlor City, Carousel Capital of the World, Valley of Opportunity[1]
Motto: Restoring the Pride.
Binghamton

Location in the state of New York

Coordinates: 42°6′08″N 75°54′42″W / 42.10222°N 75.91167°WCoordinates: 42°6′08″N 75°54′42″W / 42.10222°N 75.91167°W
Country United States
State New York
County Broome
Settled 1802
Incorporated 1834 (village)
1867 (city)
Government
 • Type Mayor-Council
 • Mayor Richard C. David (R)
 • City Council
Area[2]
 • City 11.14 sq mi (28.9 km2)
 • Land 10.49 sq mi (27.2 km2)
 • Water 0.65 sq mi (1.7 km2)  5.83%
Elevation[3] 850 ft (260 m)
Population (2010 census)[4]
 • City 47,376
 • Density 4,516.8/sq mi (1,743.9/km2)
 • Metro 251,725
Demonym Binghamtonian
Time zone EST (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP code 139xx (13901 = downtown)
Area code(s) 607
FIPS code 36-06607
Website http://www.binghamton-ny.gov

Binghamton /ˈbɪŋəmtən/ is a city in, and the county seat of, Broome County, New York, United States.[5] It lies in the state's Southern Tier region near the Pennsylvania border, in a bowl-shaped valley at the confluence of the Susquehanna and Chenango Rivers.[6] Binghamton is the principal city and cultural center of the Binghamton metropolitan area (also known as Greater Binghamton, or historically the Triple Cities), home to a quarter million people.[2] The population of the city itself, according to the 2010 census, is 47,376.[4]

From the days of the railroad, Binghamton was a transportation crossroads and a manufacturing center, and has been known at different times for the production of cigars, shoes, and computers.[7] IBM was founded nearby, and the flight simulator was invented in the city, leading to a notable concentration of electronics- and defense-oriented firms. This sustained economic prosperity earned Binghamton the moniker of the Valley of Opportunity.[8] However, following cuts made by defense firms after the end of the Cold War, the region has lost a significant portion of its manufacturing industry.[9]

Today, while there is a continued concentration of high-tech firms, Binghamton is emerging as a healthcare- and education-focused city, with the presence of Binghamton University acting as much of the driving force behind this revitalization.[10]

History

Former DL&W Station, part of the Railroad Terminal Historic District

Early settlement

The first known people of European descent to come to the area were the troops of the Sullivan Expedition in 1779, during the American Revolutionary War, who destroyed local villages of the Onondaga and Oneida tribes.[8] The city was named after William Bingham, a wealthy Philadelphian who bought the 10,000 acre patent for the land in 1786, then consisting of portions of the towns of Union and Chenango.[8][11] Joshua Whitney, Jr., Bingham's land agent, chose land at the junction of the Chenango and Susquehanna Rivers to develop a settlement, then named Chenango Point, and helped build its roads and erect the first bridge.[8][12] Significant agricultural growth led to the incorporation of the village of Binghamton in 1834.[7][8]

The Chenango Canal, completed in 1837, connected Binghamton to the Erie Canal, and was the impetus for the initial industrial development of the area.[13] This growth accelerated with the completion of the Erie Railroad between Binghamton and New York City in 1849.[14] With the Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western Railroad arriving soon after, the village became an important regional transportation center.[8][15] Several buildings of importance were built at this time, including the New York State Inebriate Asylum, opened in 1858 as the first center in the United States to treat alcoholism as a disease.[16]

Valley of Opportunity: Growth as a manufacturing hub

Parlor room at the Roberson Mansion

Binghamton incorporated as a city in 1867, and due to the presence of several stately homes, was nicknamed the Parlor City.[7] In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many immigrants moved to the area, finding an abundance of jobs. During the 1880s, Binghamton grew to become the second-largest manufacturer of cigars in the United States.[8] However, by the early 1920s, the major employer of the region became Endicott Johnson, a shoe manufacturer whose development of welfare capitalism resulted in many amenities for local residents.[17] An even larger influx of Europeans immigrated to Binghamton, and the working class prosperity resulted in the area being called the Valley of Opportunity.[8][17]

Court Street, c. 1910

In 1913, 31 people perished in the Binghamton Clothing Company fire, which resulted in numerous reforms to the New York fire code.[18][19] Major floods in 1935 and 1936 resulted in a number of deaths, and washed out the Ferry Street Bridge (now the Clinton Street Bridge). The floods were devastating, and resulted in the construction of flood walls along the length of the Susquehanna and Chenango Rivers.[8][20]

During the Second World War, growth and corporate generosity continued as IBM, which was founded in Greater Binghamton, emerged as a global technology leader.[21] Along with Edwin Link's invention of the flight simulator in Binghamton, IBM transitioned the region to a high-tech economy. Other major manufacturers included Ansco and General Electric.[7] Until the Cold War ended, the area never experienced an economic downfall, due in part to its defense-oriented industries.[8] The population of the city of Binghamton peaked at around 85,000 in the mid-1950s.[22]

Decline and recovery

20 Hawley Street (designed by Charles Luckman), built during urban renewal
Flooding in 2011 due to the remnants of Tropical Storm Lee

Post-war suburban development led to a decline in the city population, as the towns of Vestal and Union experienced rapid growth.[8] As seen in many other Rust Belt cities, traditional manufacturers saw steep declines, though Binghamton's technology industry limited this impact. In an effort to reverse these trends, urban renewal dominated much of the construction during the 1960s and early 1970s, with many ornate city buildings torn down during this period.[8] The construction included the creation of Government Plaza, the Broome County Veterans Memorial Arena, and North Shore Dr. (NY 363).[23][24][25] As was typical of urban renewal, these projects ultimately failed to stem most of the losses, though they did establish Binghamton as the government and cultural center of the region.[8]

As the Cold War came to a close in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union, the defense-related industries in Greater Binghamton began to falter, resulting in several closures and widespread layoffs[1] These were most notable at IBM, which sold its Federal Systems division and laid off several thousands of workers.[9] The local economy went into a deep recession, and the long-prevalent manufacturing jobs dropped by 64% from 1990 to 2013.[26]

A mass shooting took place on April 3, 2009, at the American Civic Association, leaving 14 dead, including the gunman.[27]

In the 21st century, the city has attempted to diversify its economic base in order to spur revitalization. The local economy has slowly transitioned towards a focus on services and healthcare.[10] Major emphasis has been placed on Binghamton University, which built a downtown campus in 2007,[28] and several student housing complexes have been created downtown.[29] Further student housing projects are planned, and the increased downtown residential population has spurred development of supporting businesses, along with a renewed focus on the riverfront.[30] Unfortunately, the recovery has been stymied by two severe floods. While the majority of the impact of the Mid-Atlantic United States flood of 2006 was in the surrounding metropolitan area, the remnants of Tropical Storm Lee topped city flood walls in September 2011, causing $1 billion of damage in Greater Binghamton.[31]

Geography

Cityscape

Confluence Park, facing west towards the confluence of the Susquehanna (left) and Chenango (right) rivers

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 11.14 square miles (28.9 km2). 10.49 square miles (27.2 km2) of it is land and 0.65 square miles (1.7 km2) of it (5.83%) is water.[2]

Binghamton is located at the confluence of two rivers, in the middle of a long but relatively narrow valley.[6] The north branch of the Susquehanna River passes south of downtown. This branch rises in eastern New York and receives a number of tributaries above Binghamton. In the center of the city, the Chenango River feeds into the Susquehanna from the north. As a result, eleven bridges span the rivers inside city limits. Major floods have occurred in 1865, 1935, 1936, 2006, and 2011.[8][32][33]

Downtown at night

The incorporation of Binghamton united various communities located on both shores of the two rivers. The majority of the city's population and development lies along the rolling terrain nearest the riverbanks with sparse development in the hills that define the city limits. The old city was laid out on a grid system by Joshua Whitney, Jr.,[8] but as development spread to the outer regions of the city and merged with other settlements, several grids were eventually juxtaposed against each other. In the Southside, the grid breaks down, as more curvilinear roads make up the predominantly residential areas along the hills.

Security Mutual Life Building (1905), a Beaux-Arts landmark by T. I. Lacey & Son

The city was the traditional economic center of the region, and contains several historic districts. The Railroad Terminal Historic District consists of several factories and buildings along the railroad line in the northern limits of downtown.[34] Over 1,000 properties on the West Side contribute to the Abel Bennett Tract Historic District, mainly made up of residential properties along Riverside Drive.[35] The State Street-Henry Street Historic District in downtown consists of several older low-rise buildings.[36] The Court Street Historic District contains some of the most notable architecture in the city, including the Press Building and Security Mutual Building, early 20th century high rises, and the Broome County Courthouse.[37] The Press Building was the tallest building in Binghamton until the completion of the State Office Building in Government Plaza, which remains the tallest in the city.[38] Away from downtown, the majority of the buildings are single- and multi-family dwellings, along with low-rise business buildings lining commercial arteries. Along the railroad corridors, a number of factories, mostly abandoned, rise above the otherwise-uniform landscape.

Main Street runs through the West Side, and continues west to serve as Main Street in the villages of Johnson City and Endicott. On the east side of the Chenango River, the road becomes Court Street, the major east-west artery in downtown and the East Side.

Neighborhoods

Roberson Mansion
North Side, along Chenango Street

Binghamton is divided into seven neighborhoods.[39][40][41] Downtown Binghamton, also known as Center City, is home to most of the city's largest buildings, and is home to government services. Located at the northeast corner of the river confluence, downtown is increasingly being populated by college students, and supports a flourishing arts scene.[30][42] The North Side is across the Norfolk Southern rail tracks from downtown, lying along the Chenango River.[43] The North Side is a light commercial and working-class residential section of the city, with Chenango Street serving as its major artery. The East Side lies east of the Brandywine Highway, along the north bank of the Susquehanna River. The neighborhood is largely residential with commercial corridors along both Robinson and Court streets, and contains pockets of industrial development along its borders.

Across the Chenango River lies the West Side, a primarily residential neighborhood along the banks of the Susquehanna, containing a combination of family homes, student housing, and stately mansions. Main Street forms the West Side's commercial corridor, made up of several large supermarkets, pharmacies, bank branches, pubs, restaurants, auto shops, and a few strip malls.[44] The First Ward is a largely residential neighborhood opposite the railroad tracks from the West Side, but is best known for Antique Row, a series of antique shops that line Clinton Street. Several gold-domed ethnic churches are located in this part of the city, as a result of settlement in the area by a large number of Eastern European immigrants.[45] Ely Park is Binghamton's northernmost neighborhood, and contains its municipal golf course.[46] It lies on portions of Prospect Mountain and other hills north of the First Ward.

The Southside lies along the south bank of the Susquehanna River, connected to downtown by several bridges. At the base of the historic South Washington Street Bridge is the Southbridge commercial district.[47] The neighborhood is partitioned into two separate neighborhood assemblies, divided by Pennsylvania Avenue and Southbridge, due to their distinct characters.[39] Southside East contains working-class residences and some public housing projects, while Southside West is primarily made up of larger middle-class residences.

Climate

Binghamton has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), with cold, snowy winters and warm, wet summers.[48] Summers in Binghamton are typified by warm yet temperate days, and there are an average of only 2.6 days annually where the high exceeds 90 °F (32 °C), with the highest recorded temperature at 98 °F (37 °C) on July 16, 1988.[49] Winters are somewhat less moderate, with 5.8 days with sub-0 °F (−18 °C) lows annually on average; the lowest temperature ever recorded was −20 °F (−29 °C) on January 15, 1957.[49] As with most cities in upstate New York, precipitation in Binghamton is spread evenly throughout the year, and as such there is no dry season.[48][49]

Binghamton is the 10th rainiest city in the United States, with 162 rainy days a year.[50] With 212 cloudy days annually, it is also the seventh cloudiest city in the country, and the cloudiest east of the Rocky Mountains.[51] Binghamton's proximity to the Great Lakes results in significant cloudiness and precipitation, as weather systems traveling over the lake pick up significant moisture, and cooler air masses from the west and the north culminate in a continuously unsettled weather pattern.[50][52][53]

Snowfall is significant, with an annual total of 84.4 inches (214 cm). Binghamton is not as greatly affected by lake-effect snow as cities further north or west such as Syracuse and Buffalo, which are part of the Great Lakes snowbelt.[54] However, persistent snow bands from both the Great Lakes and the Finger Lakes do occasionally result in moderate snows.[53] Binghamton receives occasional major snowfall from nor'easter storms as well (such as the 1993 Storm of the Century), and competes for the Golden Snowball Award with other upstate cities.[54]

Demographics

Holy Spirit Byzantine Catholic Church, located in the First Ward
Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18608,325—
187012,69252.5%
188017,31736.4%
189035,005102.1%
190039,64713.3%
191048,44322.2%
192066,80037.9%
193076,66214.8%
194078,3092.1%
195080,6743.0%
196075,941−5.9%
197064,123−15.6%
198055,860−12.9%
199053,008−5.1%
200047,380−10.6%
201047,3760.0%
Historical Population Figures[58]

As of the census[2] of 2010, there were 47,376 people, 21,150 households, and 9,986 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,516.8 per square mile (1,743.9/km²). There were 23,842 housing units at an average density of 2,273.1 per square mile (877.6/km²). Of all households, 20.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.9% were married couples living together, 15.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 52.8% were non-families. 40.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 25.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.94.

Binghamton is home to a large ethnic population. During its industrial heyday, thousands of European immigrants moved to the city as they found an abundance of jobs and working-class prosperity. A large number of Italians, Irish, and Eastern Europeans settled in the area, and the American Civic Association was created to help their transition to life and assimilation in the United States.[8][45] This inrush led to a temporary rise in the local Ku Klux Klan during the 1920s, with Binghamton serving as state headquarters. Area residents, who primarily embraced the different cultural heritages, quelled such anti-immigrant sentiment by founding several ethnic organizations and holding ethnic celebrations, at the encouragement of Endicott-Johnson.[17][59] This has had a lasting effect on the city, which sports a large number of churches and contemporary ethnic festivals, along with a population that is still predominantly white (though steadily decreasing in proportion). As of 2010, the racial makeup of Binghamton was 77.6% White, 11.4% Black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 4.2% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 2.0% from other races, and 4.4% from two or more races. 6.4% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Due to its ethnic diversity, there are a large number of religious affiliations within the region. The First Ward was historically home to much of the Eastern European population, and houses several gold dome Orthodox churches.[45] As a result of its strong Italian and Irish heritage, the largest religious body in Broome County is the Catholic Church.[60] Binghamton falls under the Roman Catholic Diocese of Syracuse. Throughout the county, 105,064 people, or 52.4% of the total population, are listed as congregational adherents.[60]

Until the mid-1950s, Binghamton saw its population grow rapidly due to its industrial boom, and was one of the largest 100 cities in the United States between 1890 and 1910.[8][22][61] Since then, the city has experienced sustained population loss, some of which was the result of suburbanization.[58] Much of the recent population loss has occurred throughout the region, and is skewed towards the younger population, resulting in the growth of the relative proportion of the elderly in Broome County.[62] In the city, the population was spread out with 19.9% under the age of 18, 15.0% from 18 to 24, 24.7% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.8 males.

The Binghamton metropolitan area is home to 251,725 people. The MSA is composed of all of Broome County and neighboring Tioga County. The urban area, which includes portions of Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, has a population of 158,054.[4] Alternatively defined, the number of people living in an approximately 30-mile radius of the city center is 316,270.[63] This count includes Broome County and portions of Tioga, Cortland, Delaware, Chenango, and Tompkins Counties in New York, and parts of Susquehanna, Bradford, and Wayne Counties in Pennsylvania.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,978, and the median income for a family was $43,436. Males had a median full-time income of $40,170 versus $35,060 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,576. About 23.6% of families and 33.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 47.3% of those under age 18 and 14.9% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

Local Endicott Johnson factory
The IBM System/360 computer, built in the Binghamton area

After the boom of the cigar industry in the 1880s,[8] the Binghamton area became increasingly reliant on large manufactures, with both Endicott Johnson, a shoe manufacturer, and IBM employing 15,000 to 20,000 local workers at their peak.[8][17] Other companies with a significant historical presence included Link Aviation Devices, Ansco, and General Electric.[7] Several other notable businesses started in Binghamton, such as Valvoline,[64] the Nineteen Hundred Washer Company (which merged to form Whirlpool),[65] and Dr. Kilmer's Swamp Root, a famous patent medicine.[66] Dick's Sporting Goods started out as a fishing store in the East Side in 1948, and remained headquartered in Binghamton until 1994.[67]

McIntosh amplifiers, famous for their blue lighted dials

Much of Binghamton's current employment base is still oriented towards technology and defense manufacturing, though the sector has been diminishing since 1990.[9][10] Areas of specialization include systems integration, flight simulation, and printed circuit board manufacturing. The largest such companies in the area are Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, IBM, Sanmina-SCI, and Universal Instruments.[68] Other notable technology firms include Endicott Interconnect, Rockwell Collins, Emerson Network Power, and L-3 Communications, which absorbed the Link Aviation operations. Although not a large employer, the McIntosh Laboratory is a well-known[69][70] high-end manufacturer of audio amplifiers, receivers, and other components.[71] Despite the sustained job losses, 13% of New York State's computer and electronics manufacturing jobs are in the Binghamton MSA as of 2010.[68]

Education and health care are also becoming significant sectors in the regional economy.[10] In particular, Binghamton University and Broome Community College employ a large number of researchers and educators. Binghamton University contains a New York State Center of Excellence for small-scale systems integration, and has also provided the major impetus behind the $22 million Southern Tier High Technology Incubator, which is being built in downtown Binghamton to encourage local growth of startups.[72] Upstate Medical University has been working on expanding the presence of its clinical campus by establishing a permanent home at the former New York State Inebriate Asylum on the East Side.[73] Major companies in the private healthcare industry include United Health Services and Lourdes Hospital.[68]

Boscov's in downtown Binghamton

There is also a large presence of food services and distribution companies in Binghamton. Both Maines Paper & Food Service and Willow Run Foods are headquartered in the region, and are two of the largest food distributors in the country, servicing a large region of restaurants and chains throughout the United States.[74][75] Maines is one of the largest private companies in the country.[74] Crowley Foods, a subsidiary of HP Hood, maintains headquarters in Binghamton,[76] and Frito-Lay has a large plant in the region.[68]

Other notable local employers include New York State Electric & Gas and Johnson Outdoors.[68] Two insurance companies, Security Mutual Life and Columbian Financial Group, maintain headquarters in the area.[77][78]

Several large shopping areas exist within the region. Downtown Binghamton is home to a Boscov's department store,[79] and the development of large student housing projects has resulted in a resurgence of restaurants and service-oriented business downtown.[30] Previously, downtown was also home to several major department stores, and was the center of regional shopping.[8] Most shopping, however, has now shifted away from the traditional downtown area towards the suburbs. The town of Vestal has several shopping centers and big-box stores along a five-mile stretch of the Vestal Parkway.[80] The village of Johnson City is home to the Oakdale Mall, the only indoor super regional mall in the area.[81] Significant commercial development has also taken place in the town of Dickinson, with numerous shopping centers just north of the city. In the First Ward, Clinton Street is home to Antique Row, a collection of antique shops.[80]

Education

Primary and secondary education

The public Binghamton City School District has 5,668 students enrolled, and is the largest school district in the metropolitan area.[82] The district consists of Binghamton High School, two middle schools, and seven elementary schools.[83] While the district maintains an International Baccalaureate program and has received several academic awards,[84] it is classified as high needs, and has had difficulty meeting several educational requirements.[82] The Catholic Schools of Broome County, a private district run by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Syracuse, operate Seton Catholic Central High School and an elementary school in the city of Binghamton.[85]

Higher education

Binghamton University downtown campus

The city of Binghamton is home to four satellite campuses:

NYS Inebriate Asylum, the first of several Isaac Perry buildings in Binghamton

The suburb of Vestal is home to the main campus Binghamton University. The university is one of four university centers in the SUNY system, and is home to approximately 15,000 students.[89] Binghamton University is a selective[90] top-ranking public university,[91] and is considered to be a Public Ivy.[92] The university also has a significant research presence, including a New York State Center of Excellence for small-scale systems integration. While the campus is in Vestal, many students living off-campus find housing in the West Side. There has also been a recent push for student housing downtown, intended to be a major driver in the revitalization of the business district.[93] In addition to its downtown campus, the university is also leading the development and construction of the $22 million Southern Tier High Technology Incubator in the city.[72]

SUNY Broome (formerly Broome Community College) is located just north of the city in Dickinson. A two-year SUNY college, the school is attended by 6,000 commuter students.[94] Formerly specializing in technical education, SUNY Broome started in downtown Binghamton, and was housed at the Washington Street Armory until a fire in 1951.[95] The college is currently constructing dormitories on campus to expand beyond its commuter population.[96] SUNY Broome also offers courses at several off-campus locations, including in the city of Binghamton at the Binghamton University Downtown Center.[97] The college is also looking to acquire and renovate the former Carnegie Library, with the goal of creating a permanent downtown campus that will specialize in new career-oriented programs.[98][99]

Davis College (formerly Practical Bible College), a Bible college, in also nearby, in the village of Johnson City. The Elmira Business Institute also has a Vestal campus.

Arts and culture

July Fest

The region has, in the last several years, developed a growing and pervasive arts scene. These include a large cluster of art galleries[100] and shops centered around downtown Binghamton. These galleries have given rise to the First Friday Art Walk, through the efforts an association of local artists and merchants in Downtown Binghamton.[101] These events have been drawing large crowds downtown since 2004. Artists of local prominence that display or have galleries include photorealist painter Anthony Brunelli, Orazio Salati, and Marla Olmstead, a local child who achieved fame in the art world for her abstract art.[102][103][104]

The Binghamton Philharmonic is the region's premiere professional orchestra.[105] Founded in 1955, the Philharmonic provides symphonic music to all of the Southern Tier.[106] Concerts are performed throughout the year, with a variety of classical, pops and chamber music.[107] The Tri-Cities Opera stages full-scale operas at the Broome County Forum. The professional company has performed since 1949, and is famed for its actor training program.[108] Several other semi-professional and amateur orchestras and theaters exist in the region, such as the Cider Mill Playhouse.[105]

Spiedies being grilled
Blues on the Bridge

The Roberson Museum and Science Center, at the heart of Binghamton, is home to the Binghamton Visitor's Center, the Link Planetarium, and a number of exhibits detailing the culture and history of Greater Binghamton and the Southern Tier.[105][109] The Kopernik Space Center observatory is the largest public observatory in the northeast United States.[110] The Binghamton Zoo at Ross Park, in the Southside, opened in 1875, and is the fifth oldest zoo in the nation.[111]

Binghamton is known as the Carousel Capital of the World, as it houses six of the remaining antique carousels. Two of these are within city limits, one at Recreation Park and another at the Binghamton Zoo at Ross Park.[112] Other visitor attractions include the Phelps Mansion museum, the Cutler Botanic Garden, the Bundy Museum of History and Art, and the interactive, child-oriented Discovery Center.[110] The Center for Technology & Innovation, a museum dedicated to local industry, is currently under construction.[113][114]

The area is the home of the regional dish known as the spiedie. It is very popular locally, and numerous restaurants in the area serve spiedies, but they have only experienced limited penetration beyond the Southern Tier and Central New York.[115] Spiedies are celebrated at the Spiedie Fest and Balloon Rally, which is held at Otsiningo Park every August and attracts over 100,000 people annually.[116]

Other annual events held in the city include the St. Patrick's Day parade in March,[117] July Fest (a festival of jazz music, arts, and crafts held downtown since 1962),[118] the 100 year old St. Mary of the Assumption Bazaar in August,[119] Blues on the Bridge (a September music festival that takes place on the South Washington Street Bridge),[120] and the Columbus Day Parade and Italian Festival every October, which includes a marching band competition.[121] Broome County is home to several festivals (including a significant concentration of ethnic celebrations due to its heritage), which in 2001 were recognized by the New York Department of Economic Development as the year's official I Love New York festival, and collectively dubbed the "Festival of Festivals."[122] Notable former festivities include the Yegatta Regatta and the Pops on the River concert.[123]

Residents of Binghamton typically speak the Inland Northern dialect of American English, and the region falls within a distinct set of isoglosses that also contain Buffalo, Rochester, and Syracuse.[124] Much of the local accent has been subject to the Northern cities vowel shift, though this has not fully taken hold.[125] Unlike other Inland Northern cities, people in Binghamton typically refer to athletic shoes as sneakers (as opposed to tennis shoes), and to soft drinks as soda (and not pop).[126]

Sports

Baseball

The area is home to the Eastern League's Binghamton Mets (AA affiliate of the New York Mets). The B-Mets have sent stars like José Reyes, David Wright, Preston Wilson, Ike Davis, Zack Wheeler, Edgardo Alfonzo, Jon Niese, and Jay Payton to the majors.

Binghamton has a long history in professional Organized Baseball dating back to 1877. Teams nicknamed the Crickets, the Bingoes, and for many years the Triplets represented Binghamton in the New York State League (now defunct), the New York-Pennsylvania League, the International League and the Eastern League (1892–94, 1938–1963, 1967–1968, 1992–present).

The 1887 Binghamton Bingoes of the International League attracted national attention for employing 2 black players, an outstanding infielder named Frank Grant and a pitcher whose name has only come down through history as "Renfroe". The reaction around the league forced Binghamton to release the players, and the team itself folded shortly thereafter.

The Binghamton Triplets of the Eastern League became a farm club of the New York Yankees in the 1940s and sent many players to New York up to 1968, most notably the Hall of Fame pitcher Whitey Ford, who starred for Binghamton in 1949.

The best player in the history of Binghamton was the pitcher William "Wild Bill" Hallahan. Born in Binghamton in 1902, he debuted in the major leagues with the St. Louis Cardinals in 1925 and had a 12 year career. (He was known as "Wild Bill" because of the many batters he walked, leading the league in that category twice). Hallahan led the Cardinals to the World Series title in 1931 over the Detroit Tigers with two complete game victories in which he only allowed a total of one run. When his career was over, he worked as a supervisor at Ansco for many years and passed away in Binghamton in 1981.

Football

Binghamton is also home to two semi-pro football teams, the Broome County Dragons (members of the Empire Football League) and the Southern Tier Green Machine (members of the North American Football League). In addition, two women's football teams call Binghamton home; the Binghamton Tiger Cats (members of the Independent Women's Football League) and the Southern Tier Spitfire (members of the Women's Football Alliance). Of the 4 teams only the Binghamton Tiger Cats still survive for 2012.

Golf

The B.C. Open was an official PGA Tour event that was held annually from 1971 to 2005 at Endicott's En-Joie Golf Course. (Note that the 2006 B.C. Open had to be played in Verona, N.Y. due to extensive damage during the June 2006 Flooding of the Susquehanna River.) Beginning in 2007, the area hosted a PGA Champion's Tour event, the Dick's Sporting Goods Open. The event replaced the B.C. Open and continues to be played at En-Joie Golf Course in Endicott.

Hockey

Professional hockey arrived in Binghamton in 1973 with the founding of the Broome Dusters of the North American Hockey League. The Dusters were popular from the start with a wide open style of play which was unusual in professional hockey at the time. When the league folded in 1977, the Providence team of the American Hockey League moved to Binghamton and became the Binghamton Dusters. The team became the Binghamton Whalers from 1980 to 1990 and the Binghamton Rangers from 1990 to 1997 as a result of affiliations with the NHL Hartford Whalers and New York Rangers. The team is now the Binghamton Senators who currently serve as the AHL affiliate of the Ottawa Senators. The B-Sens won division titles on 2003 and 2005, reaching the AHL conference finals in 2003 and winning the Calder Cup in 2011. They play their home games at Broome County Veterans Memorial Arena. The B-Sens have sent stars like Jason Spezza, Robin Lehner, Chris Kelly, Jakob Silfverberg and Jean-Gabriel Pageau to the NHL.

Tennis

The area is also home to an annual Professional Tennis Challenger, the Levene Gouldin & Thompson Tennis Challenger, part of the USTA pro circuit (Known as the Frito-Lay Tennis Challenger in years past). Tennis greats such as Lleyton Hewitt, James Blake and more recently Andy Murray found their start with this tournament, using it as a spring board to the U.S. Open (tennis).[127]

NCAA Sports

Binghamton University plays Division I college sports as a member of the America East Conference. Division III College Sports are played at Broome Community College. Bobby Gonzalez, former head coach of Seton Hall's men's basketball team was born here, and still has family in the area. King Rice, head basketball coach at Monmouth University, attended Binghamton High School.[128]

Youth Sports

Two world famous amateur sports tournaments are held in Binghamton. The Stop DWI Holiday Classic – a nationally recognized high school basketball tournament – calls the city home during the Christmas season, amassing about 16 of the nations best teams from places such as Orlando, NYC, Philadelphia, Kentucky, Cincinnati, and other large metropolitan areas. The World Youth Classic is an American Legion youth baseball tournament featuring world-class Legion baseball teams. Held in July, it features teams from Florida, Kentucky, Ohio, New York, Georgia, and New England. As many as 32 teams may play per year.

Motor Sports

Since 1978 a round of the American Motorcyclist Association's Motocross Championship has been held at the nearby Broome-Tioga Sports Center. This round of the series has recently been moved to Texas and is no longer hosted by the Broome-Tioga Sports Center. They also host the New York State Motocross Championships each fall and many other semi-pro events throughout the season.

Parks and recreation

Binghamton is known for its bicycling and walking clubs, facilities, and trails. The Binghamton River Trail is an urban trail starting at Confluence Park, where the rivers intersect, and traveling alongside the Chenango River, past the Martin Luther King, Jr. Promenade and Noyes Island, up to Cheri A. Lindsey Park in the North Side. In 2007, Binghamton was named the ninth-greenest city in the U.S. by Country Home magazine.[129]

Government

Government Plaza

Since its incorporation as a city in 1867, Binghamton has been a municipality with a "strong" mayor-council form of government. The city government, originally housed in the old Municipal Building on Collier Street (now the Grand Royale Hotel), is now based at the Binghamton City Hall which occupies the west-wing of Government Plaza on the corner of State and Hawley streets. The mayor and councilors are elected to four-year terms and are limited to serving only two. The Binghamton City Council is a unicameral body consisting of seven Council members whose districts are defined by geographic population boundaries.

Broome County Courthouse (1898), by local architect Isaac G. Perry

Executive

The current mayor of Binghamton is Richard C. David (R). The mayor oversees the following city departments:[130]

  • Assessment
  • Building & Construction
  • City Clerk
  • Code Enforcement
  • Dog Control
  • Economic Development
  • Engineering
  • Finance
  • Fire
  • Legal
  • Parks & Recreation
  • Personnel/Civil Service
  • Planning Housing & Community Development
  • Police
  • Public Works
  • Vital Statistics
  • Youth Bureau
  • Water & Sewer
Former city hall

Legislative

The current 7-member City Council comprises:

  • Jerry Motsavage (D), 1st District
  • Joseph Mihalko (R), 2nd District
  • Teri Rennia (D), 3rd District
  • Lea Webb (D), 4th District
  • Chris Papastrat (R), 5th District
  • John Matzo (R), 6th District
  • Bill Berg (D), 7th District

The Binghamton City Council meets for Work Sessions on the first and third Monday of the month at 6:00 PM in the Council Work Room. Council holds Business Meetings every first and third Wednesday after the first Monday of the month at 6:30 PM in Council Chambers.[131]

Neighborhood Assemblies Program

The Binghamton Neighborhood Assemblies Program created seven public forum assemblies in which city residents play a lead role in "restoring the pride" in Binghamton by sharing their concerns, hopes and needs and then working in conjunction with city government and community partners to implement positive change. The initiative was a collaboration between City of Binghamton, Citizen Action of NY, and the Womens Studies Program at Binghamton University.

The assemblies were supported from 2006 through 2009 by the a team of seven to nine America-Corps*VISTA volunteers, who worked with residents on media training, beautification projects, youth initiatives, and organizing efforts. The assemblies were an effective way to re-connect citizens with City Hall, however, by the end of Mayor Ryan's first term, only two assemblies remained very active. The City no longer offers direct support to the assemblies, but the South Side and North Side Assemblies continue to meet monthly, driven largely by resident leaders.

Safety

Public safety in Binghamton is the primary responsibility of the 124-officer Binghamton Police Department[132] and the 119-firefighter Binghamton Fire Department.[133] The Binghamton Fire Department is composed of 119 paid uniformed firefighters, EMTs and paramedics.

Binghamton Human Rights Law and Commission

In 2008, the City of Binghamton enacted Local Law 08-1, the Binghamton Human Rights Law, which expands protections offered at the state and federal government to include prohibitions against discrimination based on gender identity or expression, height and weight in employment, housing, education and public accommodation. In 2011, under the authority of N.Y. General Municipal Law 239-O and by City of Binghamton Local Law 11-3, the City of Binghamton established the Binghamton Human Rights Commission whose mission is to condemn discrimination in all its forms, to educate the public, and to work to eliminate discrimination against people based on age, race, color, creed, religion, national origin, ancestry, disability, marital status, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, weight or height, veteran status, or criminal conviction. Intake forms for claims of discrimination can be found at the Commission's website: www.binghamtonhrc.org.[134][135]

Media

The Press & Sun-Bulletin is the only major daily paper in Binghamton. As of 2014, the region makes up the 159th largest television market in the United States,[136] as well as the 187th largest radio market.[137] The market is served by TV stations that are affiliated with the major American broadcast networks, including WBNG-TV (CBS), WBGH-CA (NBC), WIVT (ABC), and WICZ-TV (Fox). WSKG-TV is Binghamton's PBS member station, and serves a large portion of the Southern Tier. Most Binghamton radio stations are owned by one of three groups: Townsquare Media, Clear Channel Communications, or the locally-based Equinox Broadcasting.[138][139]

Infrastructure

Transportation

New bridges under construction at the Interstate 81 and NY 17 (future Interstate 86) junction in the North Side

Binghamton is a major junction in the Interstate Highway System, much as it was during the days of the railroad. Interstate 81, a major north-south route, connects the city to Syracuse and Ontario, as well as to Pennsylvania and Appalachia. Binghamton also serves as the western terminus of Interstate 88, which gives a direct route to Albany. New York State Route 17, the Southern Tier Expressway, is in the process of being upgraded to Interstate 86, and spans the southern border of New York, providing access to New York City, as well as to the western Southern Tier and Erie, Pennsylvania. Between 1953 and 1966, the state constructed an arterial system to alleviate traffic, which includes the Brandywine Highway (New York State Route 7), North Shore Drive (New York State Route 363), and the portion of the Vestal Parkway (New York State Route 434) within city limits.[140] Other major thoroughfares in the city include Chenango Street, Main Street (New York State Route 17C), and Court/Front Streets (U.S. Route 11).

Greater Binghamton Transportation Center, with an Art Deco Greyhound facade

Public transportation in Binghamton and outlying areas is served by B.C. Transit, a daily bus service provided by Broome County. Binghamton University students are also served by Off-Campus College Transport. Intercity buses originate from the Greater Binghamton Transportation Center, which was opened in 2010 and also serves as the B.C. Transit hub.[141] Greyhound Lines provides direct routes to Buffalo, Syracuse, Rochester, Scranton, Toronto, and New York City. Short Line Buses offer service to Olean, Ithaca, Utica, Albany, New York City, and Long Island. Trailways of New York also has direct service to Albany and Rochester.

The Greater Binghamton Airport (IATA code BGM, ICAO code KBGM) is a medium-size regional airport, and the only area airport that offers scheduled airline service. Located 10 miles (16 km) north of downtown, the airport has non-stop flights to Philadelphia on US Airways, Dulles Airport serving Washington, D.C. on United Airlines, and Detroit on Delta Air Lines. The region also has a general aviation airport, Tri-Cities Airport, which is 10.5 miles (16.9 km) to the west.

Binghamton is served by four freight railroads. Norfolk Southern Railway serves Binghamton with its Southern Tier Main Line (the former Erie Lackawanna mainline. The Canadian Pacific Railway main line between Montreal and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania (formerly the Delaware and Hudson Railway) goes through Binghamton. The New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway maintains lines from Binghamton to Syracuse and Utica, and the Central New York Railroad offers freight service to Port Jervis. Binghamton currently has no railroad passenger service. The last scheduled service, the Lake Cities train from Hoboken, New Jersey to Chicago, ended on January 6, 1970.[142] New York Senator Chuck Schumer is currently pushing for passenger rail service between Binghamton and New York City via Scranton and the Lackawanna Cut-Off.[143]

Utilities

Electricity and natural gas service are supplied and distributed by New York State Electric and Gas. The only cable provider in the city is Time Warner Cable, which also offers high-speed internet and digital phone. Verizon provides local telephone and internet service. The city Department of Public works handles garbage and recycling, and maintains city street lights.[144] The city also provides a free municipal wireless network in the downtown area, which is maintained by Plexicomm.[145]

Water and sewer services are maintained by the city government. The primary source of potable water in Binghamton is the Susquehanna River, which is fed through a water treatment facility.[146] Sewage is treated and then released back into the Susquehanna downstream, at the Binghamton–Johnson City Joint Sewage Treatment Plant. The sewage plant was severely damaged by Tropical Storm Lee, and will require $90 million of repairs.[147]

Health care

United Health Services (UHS) operates Binghamton General Hospital in the Southside, while Lourdes Hospital is sponsored by the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul. The Dr. Garabed A. Fattal Community Free Clinic is run by Upstate Medical University, and offers services in conjunction with the Broome County Health Department and United Health Services.[148] A third major area hospital, UHS Wilson Medical Center, is in Johnson City.

The New York State Office of Mental Health operates the Greater Binghamton Health Center, which will become a regional center of excellence for children's behavior.[149] The Broome Developmental Center, operated by the state Office for People With Developmental Disabilities, is slated for closure in 2016.[150] Both facilities have seen patient numbers dwindle in recent years.[150][151]

Sister cities

Binghamton has two sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International: [152]

Binghamton also has a local sister city project:

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Official records for Binghamton were kept exclusively at the airport since 25 May 1951.[55]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "History". City of Binghamton, New York. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
  3. ↑ "Binghamton, NY". Weather Underground. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  5. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Donald Coates, ed. (1963). Geology of South-Central New York (PDF). New York, NY: New York State Geological Association. pp. 97–112. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 "Location, Geography, Historical Brief". City of Binghamton, New York. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 8.16 8.17 8.18 8.19 Smith, Gerald (2006). Partners All: A History of Broome County, New York. Virginia Beach, VA: The Donning Company. ISBN 978-1-578-64339-4.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "Don't Stop There! Five Adventures in Civic Journalism". Pew Center for Civic Journalism. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Harris, Jon (19 June 2013). "Southern Tier jobs shift from manufacturing to service industry". Press & Sun-Bulletin (Binghamton, NY). Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  11. ↑ "Binghamton: Building the Parlor City". WSKG. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  12. ↑ Hinman, Marjory (1996). Whitney's Town. Binghamton, NY: Broome County Historical Society.
  13. ↑ McFee, Michele (1993). Limestone Locks and Overgrowth: The Rise and Descent of the Chenango Canal. Fleischmanns, NY: Purple Mountain Press. ISBN 978-0-935-79644-5.
  14. ↑ "Erie History". Erie Railroad Historical Website. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  15. ↑ "DL&W, Erie, and D&H Early Binghamton History". Susquehanna Valley Railway Historical Society. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  16. ↑ "New York State Inebriate Asylum". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. 15 September 2007. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 McGuire, Randall (2000). "Chapter 13: Building Power in the Cultural Landscape of Broome County, New York, 1880-1940". In Thomas, Julian. Interpretive Archaeology: A Reader. Continuum. pp. 228–245. ISBN 978-1-441-17929-6.
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  19. ↑ Simonson, Mark (July 19, 2008). "Binghamton fire spurred improved safety laws". The Daily Star (Oneonta, NY). Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  20. ↑ Coates, Donald (1976). "Geomorphology in legal affairs of the Binghamton, New York, metropolitan area". GSA Special Papers 174: 111–148. doi:10.1130/SPE174-p111.
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  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 A Brief History of Binghamton, NY, The Parlor City. Binghamton, NY: Binghamton Public Library. 1984.
  23. ↑ Heavey, James (22 March 1961). "$80,000,000 Public-Private Outlay Urged to Rebuild Mid-City Area" (PDF). The Evening Press (Binghamton, NY). Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  24. ↑ "Five-Stage Plan Is Urged to Cushion Impact" (PDF). The Sunday Press (Binghamton, NY). 13 January 1963. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  25. ↑ Fitchette, Woody (13 November 1968). "City Gets $6,363,571 Project 1 Renewal Aid" (PDF). The Binghamton Press (Binghamton, NY). Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  26. ↑ Platsky, Jeff (7 March 2013). "Binghamton region gains 100 jobs, but manufacturing at all-time low". Press & Sun-Bulletin (Binghamton, NY). Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  27. ↑ Esposito, Richard; Thomas, Pierre; Goldman, Russell; Potter, Ned; Michels, Scott (3 April 2009). "Binghamton Rampage Leaves 14 Dead, Police Don't Know Motive". Nightline. ABC News. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  28. ↑ "Campus Facilities". Binghamton University.
  29. ↑ "Binghamton & Regional Economy". City of Binghamton, New York. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
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  31. ↑ Masters, Jeff (14 December 2011). "Tropical Storm Lee's flood in Binghamton: was global warming the final straw?". Dr. Jeff Masters' WunderBlog. Weather Underground. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  32. ↑ "Top Ten Highest Historical Crests: Susquehanna River at Binghamton" (PDF). North Branch Susquehanna River Basins. National Weather Service, Mid Atlantic River Forecast Center. 31 December 2012. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  33. ↑ "History of Flooding". Flood Forecast & Warning in the Susquehanna River Basin. Susquehanna River Basin Commission. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  34. ↑ Peckham, Mark (January 1986). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Railroad Terminal Historic District". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  35. ↑ "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Abel Bennett Tract Historic District". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  36. ↑ Peckham, Mark (December 1985). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: State Street-Henry Street Historic District". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  37. ↑ Peckham, Mark (July 1984). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Court Street Historic District". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  38. ↑ "Binghamton State Office Building Facts". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 "Binghamton Neighborhood Assemblies". Binghamton Neighborhood Assemblies. Archived from the original on 28 June 2009. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  40. ↑ Bennett, Sean (Spring 2009). "Participatory Planning in Binghamton, New York" (PDF). Progressive Planning Magazine 179. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  41. ↑ Parks and Recreation 2013 Programs: Summer in the Parks. City of Binghamton. 2013.
  42. ↑ "First Fridays". Gorgeous Washington Street Association. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
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  76. ↑ "About". Crowley Foods. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  77. ↑ "History". Security Mutual Life. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  78. ↑ "History". Columbian Financial Group.
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  81. ↑ "Oakdale Mall, NY". Vornado Realty Trust. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  82. ↑ 82.0 82.1 "Binghamton City School District". Report Cards. New York State Education Department. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
  83. ↑ "Schools". Binghamton City School District. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
  84. ↑ "Honors & Awards". Binghamton City School District. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
  85. ↑ "Schools". Catholic Schools of Broome County. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
  86. ↑ Location and Contact
  87. ↑ Binghamton, NY Campus
  88. ↑ History of Ridley-Lowell
  89. ↑ About Binghamton University
  90. ↑ Kiplinger's Best Values in Public Colleges
  91. ↑ "America's Best Colleges 2006: National Universities: Top Schools", U.S. News & World Report, accessed August 8, 2006
  92. ↑ Greene, Howard; Greene, Matthew W. (2000). The Hidden Ivies: Thirty Colleges of Excellence. New York, NY: Cliff Street Books. ISBN 978-0-060-95362-1.
  93. ↑ Downtown Binghamton student housing projects slated to open this summer
  94. ↑ "Fast Facts: Broome Community College Enrollment Statistics". Dickinson, New York: Broome Community College. 2012. Retrieved 2013-08-27.
  95. ↑ Binghamton Washington Street Armory
  96. ↑ On-Campus Housing
  97. ↑ Off-Campus Courses: Downtown Binghamton Center
  98. ↑ BCC President Briefs Senator On Exciting Plans
  99. ↑ Greater Binghamton's most innovative economy; Location, technology, and quality of life
  100. ↑ City of Binghamton Around Town
  101. ↑ First Fridays
  102. ↑ Anthony Brunelli: Biography
  103. ↑ Orazio Salati Studio & Gallery
  104. ↑ Child art prodigy wows New York BBC News, 29 September 2004.
  105. ↑ 105.0 105.1 105.2 Regional Arts Organization and Venues
  106. ↑ Binghamton Philharmonic Orchestra
  107. ↑ 2013-2014 Season
  108. ↑ About Tri-Cities Opera
  109. ↑ Center for Civic Engagement Database: Roberson Museum and Science Center
  110. ↑ 110.0 110.1 Attractions
  111. ↑ Ross Park Zoo is one of the oldest zoos in the country
  112. ↑ Broome County Carousels
  113. ↑ New Museum of Innovation
  114. ↑ Center for Technology & Innovation
  115. ↑ The Spiedie - a "Tasty Morsel"
  116. ↑ Spiedie Fest draws more than 100,000 people
  117. ↑ Mickalonis, Elyse (2 March 2013). "Binghamton St. Patrick’s parade draws big crowds". YNN Southern Tier. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
  118. ↑ "July Fest Binghamton". Downtown Binghamton Business Association. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
  119. ↑ Miller, Steve (16 August 2013). "Celebrating a century-long tradition". WBNG Action News. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
  120. ↑ "Blues on the Bridge". Retrieved 11 September 2013.
  121. ↑ McDonald, Samantha (8 October 2012). "53rd Annual Columbus Day Parade Showcases High School Bands". WICZ Fox 40 News. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
  122. ↑ Moyer, William (3 October 2000). "State will market Broome County festivals in 2001". Press & Sun-Bulletin (Binghamton, NY). p. B1.
  123. ↑ Shay, Jack (2012). Bygone Binghamton: Remembering People and Places of the Past, Volume 2. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. pp. 134–152. ISBN 978-1-467-06506-1.
  124. ↑ Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2005). The Atlas of North American English. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 187–215. ISBN 978-3-110-20683-8. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
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  126. ↑ Campbell, Matthew (2003). "Generic Names for Soft Drinks by County". Pop vs. Soda. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
  127. ↑
  128. ↑ http://www.gomuhawks.com/ViewArticle.dbml?SPSID=62258&SPID=6806&DB_LANG=C&DB_OEM_ID=14300&ATCLID=205125543&Q_SEASON=2011
  129. ↑ Best Green Cities
  130. ↑ Departments
  131. ↑ City Council
  132. ↑ Police
  133. ↑ Fire Department
  134. ↑
  135. ↑ http://www.cityofbinghamton.com/department.asp?zone=dept-city-clerk&pid=155&pm=page
  136. ↑ "Local Television Market Universe Estimates" (PDF). Nielsen Company. 2013. p. 5. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
  137. ↑ "Radio Market Survey Population, Rankings & Information - Fall 2014" (PDF). Nielsen Company. 2014. p. 6. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
  138. ↑ "FM Query Results". Federal Communications Commission. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
  139. ↑ "AM Query Results". Federal Communications Commission. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
  140. ↑ New York State Department of Public Works (1947). Report on State Arterial Highway in the Binghamton Urban Area.
  141. ↑ "Greater Binghamton Transportation Center". Broome County Government. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  142. ↑ Sanders, Craig (2003). Limiteds, locals, and expresses in Indiana, 1838-1971. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. pp. 145–149. ISBN 978-0-253-34216-4.
  143. ↑ Senator Charles E. Schumer, accessed October 29, 2010
  144. ↑ "Public Works". City of Binghamton. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  145. ↑ "About Us". Plexicomm LLC. 2013. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
  146. ↑ "Annual Water Quality Report for 2012" (PDF). Binghamton Water Department. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  147. ↑ Reilly, Steve (8 August 2013). "Ailing sewage plant needs $90 million in repairs". Press & Sun-Bulletin (Binghamton, NY). Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  148. ↑ "Dr. Garabed A. Fattal Community Free Clinic". Upstate Medical University. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  149. ↑ "Governor Cuomo Announces Plan to Allow Greater Binghamton Health Center and Elmira Psychiatric Center to Stay Open with Inpatient Services". Governor's Press Office. New York State. 19 December 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
  150. ↑ 150.0 150.1 Harris, Jon (26 July 2013). "State to close Broome Developmental Center". Press & Sun-Bulletin (Binghamton, NY). Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  151. ↑ Joseph, Bob (10 July 2013). "Binghamton Psychiatric Facility to Close". WNBF News Radio 1290. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  152. ↑ "Binghamton, New York". Interactive City Directory. Sister Cities International. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  153. ↑ "Sister Cities Committees". U.S. - El Salvador Sister Cities. Retrieved 2 September 2013.

External links

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