Bilevel positive airway pressure
Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) is a proprietary name of Respironics, Inc. for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) with pressure support breaths. It is used during noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. It delivers a preset inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP) during inspiration and expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP). BiPAP can be described as a continuous positive airway pressure system with a time-cycled or flow-cycled change of the applied pressure level.[1] CPAP, BPAP and other non-invasive ventilation modes have been shown to be effective management tools for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute and chronic respiratory failure.[2] Another term for bilevel positive airway pressure, and the term becoming increasingly adopted by the medical community, is non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) or non-invasive ventilation (NIV).[3]
Use
Bilevel positive airway pressure is used when positive airway pressure is needed with the addition of pressure support. Common situations where positive airway pressure is indicated are those where taking a breath is difficult. These include pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and status asthmaticus.[4][5]
Settings and measurements
- IPAP: this is the pressure applied during patient triggered breaths.
- EPAP: this is the pressure applied in between patient triggered breaths. It could also be considered a continuous positive pressure.
- FiO2: The fraction of O2 percentage that is being added to the delivered air.
- Vf: on many machines a respiratory rate is set as a guarantee for intermittent bursts of IPAP.
Terminology
The term "Bipap" can be confusing due to the existence of two almost identical terms being applied to two different modes:
- BIPAP The term "Biphasic/bilevel ventilation" was used to describe a mode of ventilation that alternates PEEP levels presented in 1988 by Professor Benzer of Innsbruck and his group. The term for this mode, as used by Dragear on their ventilators is "BIPAP" (note large "I").
- BiPAP is used by Respironics and others to denote their implementation of non-invasive pressure support plus CPAP (note small "i").
References
- ↑ C. Hormann, M. Baum, C. Putensen, N. J. Mutz & H. Benzer (January 1994). "Biphasic positive airway pressure (BIPAP)--a new mode of ventilatory support". European Journal of Anaesthesiology 11 (1): 37–42. PMID 8143712.
- ↑ M. A. Levitt (November 2001). "A prospective, randomized trial of BiPAP in severe acute congestive heart failure". American Journal of Emergency Medicine 21 (4): 363–369. doi:10.1016/s0736-4679(01)00385-7. PMID 11728761.
- ↑ Guy W Soo Hoo, MD, MPH Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Director, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, West Los Angeles Healthcare Center, Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System; Oleh Wasyl Hnatiuk, MD, Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD (6 June 2011). "Noninvasive Ventilation". Archived from the original on 2010-06-07. Retrieved 7 June 2012.
- ↑ Williams AM, Abramo TJ, Shah MV, Miller RA, Burney-Jones C, Rooks S et al. (2011). "Safety and clinical findings of BiPAP utilization in children 20 kg or less for asthma exacerbations.". Intensive Care Med 37 (8): 1338–43. doi:10.1007/s00134-011-2238-9. PMID 21567114.
- ↑ Beers SL, Abramo TJ, Bracken A, Wiebe RA (2007). "Bilevel positive airway pressure in the treatment of status asthmaticus in pediatrics.". Am J Emerg Med 25 (1): 6–9. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2006.07.001. PMID 17157675.
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