Bhavavarman I

Bhavavarman I (Khmer: ភវវរ្ម័នទី១) was a king of the Cambodian kingdom of Kamboja, which would later become the Khmer empire. Though the full dates of his reign are unknown, it is known that he reigned around the year 550.

From his reading of the Ta Prohm Stèle, George Coedès understood a lady named Kambuja-raja-lakshmi to have been Bhavavarman's queen, and that it was through her that he inherited the royal lineage. Coedès thought he was also very likely the grandson of the king of Funan, a neighboring and more powerful Cambodian kingdom. However subsequent research by the epigraphist Claude Jacques revealed that Kambuja-raja-lakshmi was the queen of another king, Harshavarman I, who reigned in 910–923 AD, long after the Funan period and so she could not have passed on the royal lineage to Bhavavarman.

According to Coedès, the main accomplishment of Bhavavarman's reign was the expansion of Kamboja into the Mekong river valley, attacking both Funan and Champa, an ancient Vietnamese kingdom. The reasons for these attacks are not clear, but most likely revolve around the accession of Rudravarman to the Funan throne; Rudravarman killed the legitimate heir to the throne, and Bhavavarman may have seen himself as a rightful member of that lineage. It is not clear, however, if he wanted to claim the throne of Funan for himself, or to simply see Rudravarman unseated so that the next legitimate heir could take it.

He was succeeded by his brother Chitrasena, who took the reign name Mahendravarman. Chinese records of the time indicate that Chitrasena was responsible for more of the conquests and battles than his brother, but it seems fair to assume that these were the actions of both kings. The Chinese records also indicate that, around this time at the beginning of the 7th century, the king of Funan was replaced, and that the new king was a 'wicked king' who did not support Buddhism; either Bhavavarman or his brother could fit that definition, as both belonged to the traditional Shivaite religion of Kamboja.

References

• George Coedès, "The Making of South-east Asia." London: Cox & Wyman Ltd, 1962.
• George Coedès, "La Stèle de Ta-Prohm", Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient (BEFEO), Hanoi, VI, 1906, pp. 44–81.
• Claude Jacques, “'Funan', 'Zhenla'. The reality concealed by these Chinese views of Indochina”, in R. B. Smith and W. Watson (eds.), Early South East Asia: Essays in Archaeology, History, and Historical Geography, New York, Oxford University Press, 1979, pp. 371–9, p. 373.
• Ha Van Tan, "Óc Eo: Endogenous and Exogenous Elements", Viet Nam Social Sciences, 1-2 (7-8), 1986, pp. 91–101, pp. 91–92.