Bentham & Hooker system
An early taxonomic system, the Bentham & Hooker system for seed plants was published in :
- G. Bentham & J.D. Hooker (1862–1883). Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita (three volumes). (available online at Gallica and the Biodiversity Heritage Library).
Summary
The system recognises the following main groups:
- DICOTYLEDONUM POLYPETALE vol I
- Series 1. THALAMIFLORÆ
- Series 2. DISCIFLORÆ
- Series 3. CALYCIFLORÆ
- DICOTYLEDONES GAMOPETALÆ vol II
- Series 1. INFERÆ
- Series 2. HETEROMERÆ
- Series 3. BICARPELLATÆ
- DICOTYLEDONES MONOCHLAMIDEÆ vol III
- GYMNOSPERMEÆ vol III (1)
- MONOCOTYLEDONES vol III (2)
Families and orders in the Bentham & Hooker system
Note that this system was published well before there were internationally accepted rules for botanical nomenclature. It indicates a family by "ordo"; an order is indicated by "cohors" (in the first two volumes) or "series" (in the third volume); in the first two volumes “series” refers to a rank above that of order. Terminations for families are not what they are now. Neither of these phenomena is a problem from a nomenclatural perspective: the ICBN provides for this.
Dicotyledons
Dicotyledons
- DICOTYLEDONUM POLYPETALARUM Vol I
- SERIES I THALAMIFLORÆ
- COHORS I. RANALES
- I. RANUNCULACEÆ
- II. DILLENIACEÆ
- III. CALYCANTHACEÆ
- IV. MAGNOLIACEÆ
- V. ANONACEÆ [sic]
- VI. MENISPERMACEÆ
- VII. BERBERIDACEÆ
- VIII. NYMPHÆACEÆ
- COHORS II. PARIETALES
- IX. SARRACENIACEÆ
- X. PAPAVERACEÆ
- XI. CRUCIFERÆ
- XII. CAPPARIDEÆ
- XIII. RESEDACEÆ
- XIV. CISTINEÆ
- XV. VIOLARIEÆ
- XVI. CANELLACEÆ
- XVII. BIXINEÆ
- COHORS III. POLYGALINÆ
- XVIII. PITTOSPOREÆ
- XIX. TREMANDREÆ
- XX. POLYGALÆ
- XXa. VOCHYSIACEÆ
- COHORS IV. CARYOPHYLLINÆ
- XXI. FRANKENIACEÆ
- XXII. CARYOPHYLLEÆ
- XXIII. PORTULACEÆ
- XIV. TAMARISCINEÆ
- COHORS V. GUTTIFERALES
- XXV. ELATINEÆ
- XXVI. HYPERICINEÆ
- XXVII. GUTTIFERÆ
- XXVIII. TERNSTROEMIACEÆ
- XXIX. DIPTEROCARPEÆ
- XXX. CHLENACEÆ
- COHORS VI. MALVALES
- XXXI. MALVACEÆ
- XXXII. STERCULIACEÆ
- XXXIII. TILIACEÆ
- COHORS I. RANALES
- SERIES II. DISCIFLORÆ
- COHORS VII. GERANIALES
- XXXIV LINEÆ
- XXXV. HUMIRIACEÆ
- XXXVI. MALPIGHIACEÆ
- XXXVII. ZYGOPHYLLEÆ
- XXXVIII. GERANIACEÆ
- XXXIX. RUTACEÆ
- XL. SIMARUBEÆ [sic]
- XLI. OCHNACEÆ
- XLII. BURSERACEÆ
- XLIII. MELIACEÆ
- XLIV. CHAILLETIACEÆ
- COHORS VIII. OLACALES
- XLV. OLACINEÆ
- XLVI. ILICINEÆ
- COHORS IX. CELASTRALES
- XLVII. CELASTRINEÆ
- LVII. LEGUMINOSÆ
- LVIII. ROSACEÆ
- LIX. SAXIFRAGEÆ
- LX. CRASSULACEÆ
- LXI. DROSERACEÆ
- LXII. HAMAMELIDEÆ
- LXIII. BRUNIACEÆ
- LXIV. HALORAGEÆ
- COHORS XII. MYRTALES
- LXV. RHIZOPHOREÆ
- LXVI. COMBRETACEÆ
- LXVII. MYRTACEÆ
- LXVIII. MELASTOMACEÆ
- LXIX. LYTHRARIEÆ
- LXX. ONAGRARIEÆ
- COHORS XIII. PASSIFLORALES
- LXXI. SAMYDACEÆ
- LXXII. LOASEÆ
- LXXIII. TURNERACEÆ
- LXXIV. PASSIFLOREÆ
- LXXV. CUCURBITACEÆ
- LXXVI. BEGONIACEÆ
- LXXVII. DATISCEÆ
- COHORS XIV. FICOIDALES
- LXXVIII. CACTEÆ
- LXXIX. FICIOIDEÆ
- COHORS XV. UMBELLALES
- LXXX. UMBELLIFERÆ
- LXXXI. ARALIACEÆ
- LXXXII. CORNACEÆ
- COHORS VII. GERANIALES
- SERIES I THALAMIFLORÆ
- DICOTYLEDONES GAMOPETALÆ vol II
- SERIES I. INFERÆ
- COHORS I. RUBIALES
- LXXXIII. CAPRIFOLIACEÆ
- LXXXIV. RUBIACEÆ
- COHORS II. ASTERALES
- LXXXV. VALERIANEÆ
- LXXXVI. DIPSACEÆ
- LXXXVII. CALCEREÆ
- LXXXVIII. COMPOSITÆ
- COHORS III. CAMPANALES
- LXXXIX. STYLIDIEÆ
- LC. GOODENOVIEÆ
- XCI. CAMPANULACEÆ
- COHORS I. RUBIALES
- SERIES II. HETEROMERÆ
- COHORS IV ERICALES
- XCII. VACCINIACEÆ
- XCIII. ERICACEÆ
- XCIV. MONOTROPEÆ
- XCV. EPACRIDEÆ
- XCVI. DIAPENSIACEÆ
- XCVII. LENNOACEÆ
- COHORS V. PRIMULALES
- XCVIII. PLUMBAGINEÆ
- XCIX. PRIMULACEÆ
- C. MYRSINEÆ
- COHORS VI. EBENALES
- CI. SAPOTACEÆ
- CII. EBENACEÆ
- CIII. STYRACEÆ
- COHORS IV ERICALES
- SERIES III. BICAPELLATÆ
- COHORS VII. GENTIANALES
- CIV. OLEACEÆ
- CV. SALVADORACEÆ
- CVI. APOCYNACEÆ
- CVII. ASCLEPIADEÆ
- CVIII. LOGANIACEÆ
- CIX. GENTIANEÆ
- COHORS VIII. POLEMONIALES
- CX. POLEMONIACEÆ
- CXI. HYDROPHYLLACEÆ
- CXII. BORAGINEÆ
- CXIII. CONVOLVULACEÆ
- CXIV. SOLANACEÆ
- COHORS IX. PERSONALES
- CXV. SCROPHULARINEÆ
- CXVI. OROBRANCHACEÆ
- CXVII. LENTIBULARIEÆ
- CXVIII. COLUMELLIACEÆ
- CXIX. GESNERACEÆ [sic]
- CXX. BIGNONIACEÆ
- CXXI. PEDALINEÆ
- CXXII. ACANTHACEÆ
- COHORS X. LAMIALES
- CXXIII. MYOPORINEÆ
- CXXIV. SELAGINEÆ
- CXXV. VERBENACEÆ
- CXXVI. LABIATÆ
- incertae sedis
- CXXVII. PLANTAGINEÆ
- COHORS VII. GENTIANALES
- SERIES I. INFERÆ
- DICOTYLEDONES MONOCHLAMIDEÆ vol III
- Series I. Curvembryeæ
- CXXVIII. NYCTAGINEÆ
- CXXIX. ILLECEBRACEÆ
- CXXX. AMARANTACEÆ [sic]
- CXXXI. CHENOPODIACEÆ
- CXXXII. PHYTOLACCACEÆ
- CXXXIII. BATIDEÆ
- CXXXIV. POLYGONACEÆ
- Series II. Multiovulatæ Aquaticæ
- CXXXV. PODOSTEMONACEÆ
- Series III. Multiovulatæ Terrestres
- CXXXVI. NEPENTHACEÆ
- CXXXVII. CYTINACEÆ
- CXXXVIII. ARISTOLOCHIACEÆ
- Series IV. Micrembryeæ
- CXXXIX. PIPERACEÆ
- CXL. CHLORANTACEÆ
- CXLI. MYRISTICEÆ
- CXLII. MONIMIACEÆ
- Series V. Daphnales
- CXLIII. LAURINEÆ
- CXLIV. PROTEACEÆ
- CXLV. THYMELÆACEÆ
- CXLVI. PENÆACEÆ
- CXLVII. ELÆAGNACEÆ
- Series VI. Achlamydosporeæ
- CXLVIII. LORANTHACEÆ
- CXLIX. SANTALACEÆ
- CL. BALANOPHOREÆ
- Series VII. Unisexuales
- CLI. EUPHORBIACEÆ
- CLII. BALANOPEÆ
- CLIII. URTICACEÆ
- CLIV. PLATANACEÆ
- CLV. LEITNERIEÆ
- CLVI. JUGLANDEÆ
- CLVII. MYRICACEÆ
- CLVIII. CASUARINEÆ
- CLIX. CUPULIFERÆ
- Series VIII. Ordines anomali (incertae sedis)
- CLX. SALICINEÆ
- CLXI. LACISTEMACEÆ
- CLXII. EMPETRACEÆ
- CLXIII. CERATOPHYLLEÆ
- Series I. Curvembryeæ
- GYMNOSPERMEÆ [sic] vol III (1)
- CLXIV. GNETACEÆ
- CLXV. CONIFERÆ
- CLXVI. CYCADACEÆ
Monocotyledons
Monocotyledons
- Summary pp viii-xi
- MONOCOTYLEDONES vol III (2) p. 448
Series I. Microspermæ p. 448
- CLXVII. HYDROCHARIDEÆ p. 448
- CLXVIII. BURMANNIACEÆ
- CLXIX. ORCHIDEÆ p. 460
Series II Epigynæ p. 636
- CLXX. SCITAMINEÆ p. 636
- CLXXI. BROMELIACEÆ p. 657
- CLXXII. HAEMODORACEÆ p. 671
- CLXXIII. IIRIDEÆ p. 681
- CLXXIV. AMARYLLIDEÆ p. 711 5 subtribes
- I Tribus Hypoxideae p. 716
- II Tribus Amarylleae p. 718
- III Tribus Alstroemerieae p. 735
- IV Tribus Agaveae p. 737
- V Tribus Vellosieae p. 739
- CLXXV. TACCACEÆ p. 740
- CLXXVI. DIOSCOREACEÆ p. 741
Series III Coronarieæ p. 746
- CLXXVII. ROXBURGHIACEÆ p. 746
- CLXXVIII. LILIACEÆ p. 748 (20 tribes) Schema 748-763
- Tribus I Smilaceae p. 763
- Tribus II Asparageae p. 764
- Tribus III Luzuriageae
- Tribus IV Polygonateae p. 768
- Tribus V Convallariae
- Tribus VI Aspidistreae
- Tribus VII Hemerocalleae
- Tribus VIII Aloineae
- ...
- Tribus X Asphodeleae p. 781 5 subtribes
- Tribus XI Johnsonieae p. 795
- Tribus XII Allieae p. 798 Schema p. 750 4 subtribes
- Subtribus I Agapantheae p. 798
- Subtribus II Euallieae p. 798
- Subtribus III Gilliesieae p. 804
- Subtribus IV Massonieae p. 806
- Tribus XIII Scilleae p. 807
- Tribus XIV Tulipeae p. 816
- Tribus XV Colchiceae
- ...
- Tribus XX Veratreae p. 834
- CLXXIX. PONTEDERIACEÆ p. 836
- CLXXX. PHILYDRACEÆ p. 840
- CLXXXI. XYRIDEÆ p. 841
- CLXXXII. MAYACEÆ p. 843
- CLXXXIII. COMMELINACEÆ p. 844
- CLXXXIV. RAPATEACEÆ p. 857
Series VI Calycineæ p. 860
- CLXXXV. FLAGELLARIEÆ
- CLXXXVI. JUNCACEÆ
- CLXXXVII. PALMÆ
Series V. Nudifloreæ p. 949
- CLXXXVIII. PANDANEÆ
- CLXXXIX. CYCLANTHACEÆ
- CXC TYPHACEÆ
- CXCI. AROIDEÆ
- CXCII. LEMNACEÆ p. 1000
Series VI. Apocarpæ p.1001
- CXCIII. TRIURIDEÆ
- CXCIV. ALISMACEÆ p. 1003
- CXCV. NAIADACEÆ [sic]
Series VII. Glumaceæ p. 1019
- CXCVI. ERIOCAULEÆ
- CXCVII. CENTROLEPIDEÆ p. 1025
- CXCVIII. RESTIACEÆ
- CXCIX. CYPERACEÆ
- CC. GRAMINEÆ
See also
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