Bengt Falck

Bengt Falck

Falck (left) with Nils-Åke Hillarp, 1963.
Born 16 January 1927 (age 88)
Malmö, Sweden
Occupation Swedish neuroscientist

Bengt Olof Torsten Falck (born 16 January 1927 in Malmö) is a Swedish scientist.

He is an emeritus professor at the Faculty of Medicine at Lund University, Sweden. He became Doctor of Medical Science (equiv.: PhD) in 1959, He became an assistant, later associate professor (1960–1970) and full professor of histology in 1970, all at the University of Lund, Sweden. He has published numerous works in the fields of histology, endocrinology and neurobiology.

Research

In his 1959 thesis (Falck, B. Site of production of oestrogen in rat ovary as studied in microtransplants. Acta physiol.scand. Suppl. 163, 1959, 47: 1-101) he was able to show that the production of estrogen in the ovaries is dependent on an interplay of two different hormone producing systems. In one, a precursor – a variant of the male sex hormone – is formed, that is then transformed to estrogen in the second system. His thesis is still well known in scientific circles, which may be noted when Googling ”Falck's two-cell hypothesis of oestrogen synthesis”.

In 1960–61 Falck and Nils-Åke Hillarp developed the Falck-Hillarp fluorescence method.[1]

This technique made it possible to study biologically active substances called monoamines – dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline and serotonin – on the cellular level employing fluorescence microscope. Consequently, it was then possible to demonstrate their presence in the central as well as peripheral nervous system. Thereby, it could be established that these monoamines were actually functioning as interneuronal transmitters (signal substances).

Accordingly, it was not Arvid Carlsson who had discovered that dopamine is a signal substance in the central nervous system, as stated by the Nobel Committee at the Karolinska Institute in a press release in 2000. They had based their opinion on reports published by Carlsson and co-workers in 1957–1958. However, Carlsson, Falck and Hillarp published a study in 1962, which was based on the Falck-Hillarp fluorescence method on the cellular location of noradrenaline and dopamine in the brain, showing that noradrenaline is located in nerve cells (neurons) and functions as a transmitter. However, they could not ultimately define the cell type that harbors dopamine and were thus not able to state with certainty that dopamine is a transmitter. Obviously, if Carlsson had discovered this in 1957–1958, it would have been referred to and extensively discussed in the Carlsson-Falck-Hillarp publication in 1962. Both Hillarp, at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm and Falck, at the Medical Faculty, University of Lund, had several research assistants, who studied various aspects of transmitters, using the Falck-Hillarp fluorescence method and it was not long before these two groups had established that dopamine is, indeed, a transmitter.

The first publication in this field was written by Falck and Alf Torp in 1961 and published in 1962. It is still often quoted in medical and scientific journals. Important follow-up work was published in 1962 by authors Falck, Hillarp, Thieme and Torp. It came to be one of ”The 200 Most-Cited Papers of All Time", SCI 1945–1988”. This was the beginning of an intense neurobiological research which went on for several decades. In April 2012 the symposium ”Från nerv till piller” took place at the University of Lund to celebrate the 50-year jubilee of the first publications on the Falck-Hillarp fluorescence method.

In the 1960s Falck embarked on research of monoamine related substances in epidermal pigment cells (melanocytes) and in malignant melanoma. This led to a new understanding of the construction of the epidermis, and also the discovery of a novel function of the epidermal Langerhans cells. During the end of the 1960s until 2004 much of Falck's epidermal research was emphasized on the Langerhans cells. In 2004 his latest publication ”Mediated exodus of L-Dopa from human epidermal Langerhans cells", was published,

Bengt Falck is the son of Hans Falck (city court judge in Malmö, Sweden) and Maria Hagander. He married Eva Torp in 1951, and together they had four children. In 1994 he married Inger Vestvik.

Publication

His publications include among others:

Falck, B. Site of Production of Oestrogen in the Ovary of the Rat. Nature 1959, 184: 1082.

Falck, B. Site of production of oestrogen in rat ovary as studied in micro-transplants.Acta physiol.scand. suppl. 163, 1959, 47: 1-101 (Thesis).

Falck, B., K. Menander and 0. Nordanstedt. Androgen secretion by the rat ovary. Nature 1962, 193: 593-594.

Falck, B., N.-Å. Hillarp, G. Thieme and A. Torp. Fluorescence of catechol amines and related compounds condensed with formaldehyde. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 1962. 10: 348-354.

Falck, B., and A. Torp. A method for the histochemical demonstration of noradrenaline in nervous tissue. Acta Neurol. scand. 1962, 38 suppl.1, 51-52.

Falck, B., and A. Torp. New evidence for the localization of noradrenaline in adrenergic nerve terminals. Med. exp. 1962, 6: 169-172.

Carlsson, A., B. Falck, N.-Å. Hillarp and A. Torp. Histochemical localization at the cellular level of hypothalamic noradrenaline. Acta physiol. scand. 1962, 54: 385.

Falck, B. Observations on the possibilities of the cellular localization of monoamines by a fluorescence method. Acta physiol. scand. 1962, 56: suppl. 197 1-25.

Carlsson, A., B. Falck and N.-A. Hillarp. Cellular localization of brain monoamines. Acta physiol.scand. 1962, 56: suppl. 196 1-28.

Falck, B., and B. Hellman. Evidence for the presence of biogenic amines in pancreatic islets. Experientia 1963, 19: 139-142.

Falck, B., J. Häggendal and Ch. Owman. The localization of adrenaline in adrenergic nerves in the frog. Quart. J. Exp. Physiol. 1963, 48: 253-257

Falck, B., and H. Rorsman. Observation on the adrenergic innervation of the skin. Experientia 1963, 19: 205-208.

Dahl, E., B. Falck, C. v. Mecklenburg, H. Myhrberg and E. Rosengren. Neuronal localization of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in some mol1usca. Z. Zellforschung 1966, 71: 489-498.

Dahl, E., B. Falck, C. v. Mecklenburg and H. Myhrberg. An adrenergic nervous system in sea anemones. Quart. J. Micr. Sci. 1963, 104: 531-534.

Fahlén, G., B. Falck and E. Rosengren. Monoamines in the swimbladder of Gadus callarias and Salmo irideus. Acta physiol.scand. 1965, 64: 119-126.

Falck, B., and B. Hellman. A fluorescent reaction for monoamines in the insulin producing cells of the guinea-pig: Acta Endocrinologica 1964, 45: 133-138.

Falck, B., Ch. Owman and N. O. Sjöstrand. Peripherally located adrenergic neurons in the vas deferens and the seminal vesicle of the guinea-pig. Experientia 1965, 21: 98-100.

Falck, B., and H. Möller: Catechol amines of the skin treated with organic solvents and ultraviolet light. Acta dermat.-venerol . 1963, 43: 480-484.

Falck, B., T. Nystedt, E. Rosengren and J. Stenflo. Dopamine and mast cells in ruminants. Acta Pharmacol. et toxicol. 1964, 21: 51-58.

Dahl, E., B. Ehinger, B. Falck, C. v. Mecklenburg, H. Myhrberg and E. Rosengren. On the monoamine storing cells in the heart of Lampetra fluviatilis and L. planeri (Cyclostomata). Gen. and Comp. Endocrinol. 1971, 17: 241-246.

Enemar, A., B. Falck and R. Håkanson. Observations on the appearance of noradrenaline in the sympathetic nervous system of the chick embryo. Develop. Biology 1965, 11: 268-283.

Bertler, Å., B. Falck and Ch. Owman. Studies on the 5-hydroxytryptamine stores in the pineal gland of rat. Acta physiol.scand. 1964, 63: suppl. 239, 1-18.

Falck, B., B. Larsson, C.v. Mecklenburg, E. Rosengren and K. Svenaeus. On the presence of a second specific cell system in the mammalian thyroid gland. Acta physiol.scand. 1964, 62: 491-492.

Falck, B. Cellular localization of monoamines. Progress in Brain Research 1964, 8: 28-44.

Carlsson, A., B. Falck, K. Fuxe and N.-A. Hillarp. Cellular localization of monoamines in spinal cord. Acta physiol.scand. 1964, 60: 112-119.

Dahl, E., B. Falck, C.v. Mecklenburg and H. Myhrberg. Adrenergic sensory neurons in invertebrates. Gen. and Comp. Endocrinol. 1963, 3.

Owman, Ch., and B. Falck. Localization of neuronal monoamines at the cel1ular level. Proc. Second Int. Pharmacol. Meeting. Prague 1963, Pergamon Press, Oxford 1965, 3: 165-183.

Bertler, A., B. Falck and E. Rosengren. The direct demonstration of a barrier mechanism in the brain capillaries. Acta Pharmacol. et toxicol., 1963, 20: 317-321.

Bertler, Å, B. Falck, C.G. Gottfries, L. Ljunggren and E. Rosengren. Some observations on adrenergic connections between mesencephalon and cerebral hemispheres. Acta Pharmacol. et toxicol. 1964, 21: 283-289.

Enemar, A., and B. Falck. On the presence of adrenergic nerves in the pars intermedia of frog Rana temporaria. Gen. and Comp. Endocrinol. 1965, 5: 577-583.

Falck, B., S. Jacobson, H. Olivecrona and H. Rorsman. Pigmented nevi and malignant melanomas as studied with a specific fluorescence method. Science 1965, 149: 439-440.

Baumgarten, H.G., B. Falck, A.F. Holstein, Ch. Owman and T. Owman. Adrenergic innervation of the human testis, epididymis, ductus deferens and prostate: A fluorescence microscopic and fluorimetric study. Z. Zellforschung 1968, 90: 81-95.

Ehinger, B., and B. Falck. Noradrenaline and cholinesterases in concomitant nerve fibres in the rat iris. Life Sciences 1965, 4: 2097–2100.

Bertler, Å., B. Falck, Ch. Owman and E. Rosengren. The localization of monoaminergic blood-brain barrier mechanisms. Pharmacological Reviews, 1966, 18: 369-385.

Falck, B., Ch. Owman and E. Rosengren: Changes in rat pineal stores of 5-hydroxytryptamine after inhibition of its synthesis or break-down. Acta physiol. scand. 1966, 67: 300-305.

Falck, B., S. Jacobson, H. Olivecrona, G. Olsen, H. Rorsman and E. Rosengren. Determination of catecholamines, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in human malignant melanomas. Acta Derm.-Venerol. 1966, 46: 65-67.

Ehinger, B., B. Falck, H. Persson, A.-M. Rosengren and E. Rosengren. Choline acetylase activity in the normal and denervated cat iris. Life Science 1966, 5: 481-483.

Falck, B., C.v. Mecklenburg, H. Myhrberg and H. Persson. Studies on adrenergic and cholinergic receptors in the isolated hearts of Lampetra fluvitialis (Cyclostomata) and Pleuronectes platessa (Teleostei). Acta physiol.scand. 1966, 68: 64-71.

Enemar, A., B. Falck and F.C. Iturriza. Adrenergic nerves in the pars intermedia of the pituitary in the toad, Bufo Arenarum. Z. Zellforschung, 1967, 77: 325-330.

Falck, B., and Ch. Owman. 5-hydroxytryptamine and related amines in endocrine cell systems. Advances in Pharmacology, Ed.: S. Garattini and P.A. Shore, Academic Press, London and N.Y. 1968, 6: part A, 211-231.

Ehinger, B., B. Falck and H. Persson. Hexamethonium potentiates noradrenaline-induced contractions in the feline dilatator pupi1lae. J. of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 1967, 19: 555-557.

Ehinger, B., and B. Falck. Concomitant adrenergic and parasympathetic fibres in the rat iris. Acta physiol. scand. 1966, 67: 201-207.

Falck, B., S. Jacobsson, H. Olivecrona and H. Rorsman. Fluorescent Dopa Reaction of Nevi and Melanomas. Arch. of Dermatology 1966, 94: 363-369.

Ehinger, B., B. Falck and B. Sporrong. Adrenergic fibres to the heart and to peripheral vessels. Symp.electr.Activ.Innerv.Blood Vessels, Cambridge 1966, Bibl. anat., vol. 8, pp 35–45 (Karger, Basel/New York 1966)

Alm, P., B. Ehinger and B. Falck. L-Dopa turnover in the mouse pancreas. Life Sciences 1967, 6: 913-917.

Ehinger, B., B. Falck and H. Persson. Function of cholinergic nerve fibres in the cat iris dilator. Acta physiol.scand. 1968, 72: 139-147.

Ehinger, B., B. Falck and E. Rosengren. Adrenergic Denervation of the Eye by Unilateral Cervical Sympathectomy. Albrecht v. Graefes Arch. klin. exp. Ophthal. 1969, 177: 206-211.

Falck, B., 0. Ljungberg and E. Rosengren. On the occurrence of monoamines and related substances in familial medullary thyroid carcinoma with phaeohromocytoma. Acta pathol. microbiol. Scand. 1968, 74: 1-10.

Cegrell, L., B. Falck and A.-M. Rosengren. Dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the guinea-pig pancreas. Life Sciences 1967, 6: 2483–2489.

Björklund, A., B. Falck and E. Rosengren. Monoamines in the pituitary gland of the pig. Life Sciences 1967, 6: 2103–2110.

Alm, P., L. Cegrell, B. Ehinger and B. Falck. Remarkable adrenergic nerves in the exocrine pancreas. Z. Zellforschung 1967, 83: 178-186.

Falck, B., R. Håkanson, Ch. Owman and N.-O, Sjöberg. Monoamine-storing cells of the enterochromaffin type in gastrointestinal tract of human fetus. Acta physiol. scand. 1967, 71: 403-404.

Falck, B., and Ch. Owman. Fluorescence histochemistry of monoamines with special regard to studies of blood-brain barrier mechanisms In: "Neurophatology: Methods and Diagnosis", Editor: C.G. Tedesc 1970. Little, Brown and Comp. Inc. p. 385-400.

Björklund, A., B. Ehinger and B. Falck. A method for differentiating dopamine from noradrenaline in tissue section by microspectrofluorometry. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 1968, 16: 263-270.

Ehinger, B., B. Falck and H.E. Myhrberg. Biogenic Monoamines in Hirudo Medicinalis. Histochemie 1968, 15: 140-149.

Alm, P., B. Ehinger and B. Falck. Histochemical studies on the metabolism of L-dopa and some related substances in the exocrine pancreas. Acta physiol.scand. 1969, 76: 106-120.

Ehinger, B., B. Falck and B. Sporrong. Possible Axo-Axonal Synapses between Peripheral Adrenergic and Cholinergic Nerve Terminals. Z. Zellforschung 1970, 107: 508-521.

Ehinger, B., B. Falck, H. Persson and B. Sporrong. Adrenergic and cholinesterase-containing neurons of the heart. Histochemie 1968, 16: 197-205.

Falck, B., Ch. Owman, E. Rosengren and N.-O. Sjöberg. Persisting high level of transmitter in uterine short adrenergic neurons following prolonged treatment with 17B-estradiol. Acta Endocrinologica 1969, 62: 77-81.

Falck, B., Ch. Owman, E. Rosengren and N.-O. Sjöberg. Reduction by Progesterone of the Estrogen-induced increase in Transmitter Level of the Short Adrenergic Neurons Innervating the Uterus. Endocrinology 1969, 84: 958-959.

Björklund, A., L. Cegrell, B. Falck, M. Ritzén and E. Rosengren. Dopamine-containing cells in sympathetic ganglia. Acta physiol.scand. 1970, 78: 334-338.

Baumgarten, H.G., B. Falck and W. Lange. Adrenergic Nerves in the Corpora Cavernosa Penis of Some Mammals. Z. Zellforschung 1969, 95: 58-67.

Cegrell, L., and B. Falck: A Catecholamine Storage in the Pancreatic A2 -Cells of Owl Monkey (Aotes Trivirgatus). Z. Zellforschung 1969, 94: 530-533.

Ehinger. B., B. Falck and A. M. Laties. Adrenergic Neurons in Teleost Retina. Z.Zellforschung 1969, 97: 285-297.

Cegrell, L., B. Falck and A.-M. Rosengren: Catechol and Indole Derivatives in a Transplantable Islet-Cell Tumour of the Golden Hamster. Acta physiol.scand. 1969, 77 23-27.

Cegrell, L., B. Falck and A.-M. Rosengren. Extraction of dopa from the integument of pigmented animals. Acta physiol.scand. 1970, 78: 65-69.

Ehinger, B., and B. Falck. Innervation of Iridic Melanophores. Z. Zellforschung 1970 105: 538-542.

Ehinger, B., B. Falck and U. Stenevi. Adrenergic and non-adrenergic valvular nerves of the heart. Experientia 1969, 25: 742-743.

Ehinger, B., and B. Falck. Adrenergic Retinal Neurons of Some New World Monkeys. Z. Zellforschung 1969, 100: 364-375.

Ehinger, B., and B. Falck. Morphological and Pharmacohistochemical Characteristics of Adrenergic Retinal Neurons of Some Mammals. Albrecht v. Graefes Arch. klin. exp. ophtal. 1969, 178: 295-305.

122. Björklund, A., B. Falck, F. Hromek, Ch. Owman and K. West. Identification and terminal distribution of the tubero-hypophyseal monoamine fibre systems in the rat by means of stereotaxic and microspectrofluorimetric techniques. Brain Research 1970, 17: 1-23.

123. Alm, P., B. Ehinger, B. Falck and L. Nordgren. Effects of reserpine and prenylamine on the L-dopa turnover in the rat exocrine pancreas. Europ. J. of Pharmacology, 1971, 16: 192-200.

124. Cegrell, L., B. Falck and A.-M. Rosengren. Dopa-decarboxylase and Monoamine Oxidase Activities in a Transplantable Islet Cell Tumour of the Golden Hamster. Experientia 1969, 25: 969-970.

125a. Bartosik, J and Falck, B. Cytomembrane-derived Birbeck granules are endocytic organelles. Third International Workshop on Langerhans cells. 1991.

125b. Falck, B., Andersson, L., Bendsoe, N. and Mikulowska, A. Induction of massive fluid uptake into human epidermal Langerhans cells. Third International Workshop on Langerhans cells. 1991.

126. Baumgarten, H.G., B. Falck and H. Wartenberg. Adrenergic neurons in the spinal cord of the pike (Esox Lucius) and their relation to the caudal neurosecretory system. Z. Zellforschung 1970, 107: 479-498.

127. Ehinger, B., B. Falck, H. Persson, A.-M. Rosengren and B. Sporrong. Acetylcholine in adrenergic terminals of the cat iris. J. Physiol. 1970, 209: 557-565.

128. Björklund, A., B. Falck, F. Hromek and Ch. Owman. An enzymic barrier mechanism for monoamine precursors in the newly-forming brain capillaries following electrolytic or mechanical lesions. J. of Neurochem. 1969, 16: 1605–1608.

129. Falck, B., K. C. Nielsen, Ch. Owman, H. Persson and B. Sporrong. Adrenergic mechanisms in the development of hypothermic ventricular fibrillation in the isolated perfused heart of the cat. Europ. J. of Pharmacology 1972, 17: 66-74.

130. Björklund, A., B. Falck and R. Håkanson. Microspetrof1uorometric Characterization of Catecholamines and Indolamines on Silica Gel Thin Layer after Formaldehyde Condensation. Anal. Biochem. 1970, 35: 264-276.

Björklund, A., B. Falck and U. Stenevi. Classification of monoamine neurones in the rat mesencephalon: distribution of a new monoamine neurone system. Brain Research 1971, 32: 1-17.

Björklund, A., B. Falck and Ch. Owman. Fluorescence microscopic and microspectrof1uorometric techniques for the cellular loca¬lization and characterization of biogenic amines. In: S.A. Berson (ed): Methods in Investigative and Diagnostic Endocrinology. Part1and 2: J.E. Rail and I.J. Kopin (eds.): The Thyroid and Biogenic Amines. North-Holland Publ. Comp. Amsterdam 1972, p. 318-368.

Agrup, G., B. Falck, H. Olivecrona and H. Rorsman. Formaldehyde-induced fluorescence of epidermal melanocytes of Caucasian and negro skin. Acta Dermatovener 1971, 51: 350-352.

Björklund, A., B. Falck, S. Jacobsson, H. Rorsman, A.-M. Rosengren and E. Rosengren. Cysteinyl Dopa in Human Malignant Melanoma. Acta Dermatovener 1972, 52: 357-360.

Agrup, G., B. Falck, B.-M. Kennedy, H. Rorsman, A.-M. Rosengren and E. Rosengren. Dopa and 5-S-Cysteinyldopa in the urine in healthy humans. Acta Dermatovener 1973, 53: 453-454.

Agrup, G., B. Falck, S. Jacobson, H. Rorsman, A.-M. Rosengren and E. Rosengren. 5-S-Cysteinyldopa in melanomas of Caucasians. Acta Dermatovener 1974, 54: 21-22.

Owman, Ch., L. Edvinsson, B. Falck, K.C. Nielsen. Amine Mechanisms in Brain Vessels, with Particular Regard to Autonomic Innervation and Blood-Brain Barrier. In: "Pathology of Cerebral Microcirculation" ed.: J. Cervos-Navarro. Walter de Gruyter o Co., Berlin 1974, p. 184-199.

Walles, B., L. Edvinsson, B. Falck, G. Nybell, Ch. Owman, N.-O. Sjöberg and K.-G. Svensson. Modifications of ovarian and follicular contractility by amines. A mechanism involved in ovulation? Europ. J. Obstet. Gynec. Reprod. Biol., 1974, 4/1 Supplement, p. 103-107.

Agrup, G., B. Falck, B.-M. Kennedy, H. Rorsman, A.-M. Rosengren and E. Rosengren. Formation of cysteinyldopa from glutathionedopa in melanoma. Acta Dermatovener 1975, 55: 1-3.

Agrup, G., T. Andersson, B. Falck, K. Persson, H. Rorsman, A.-M. Rosengren and E. Rosengren. 5-S-cysteinyldopa in the plasma of melanoma patients and the renal clearance of this amino acid. Acta Dermatovener 1975, 55: 5-6.

Agrup, G., B. Falck, K. Fyge, H. Rorsman, A.-M. Rosengren and E. Rosengren. Excretion of 5-S-cysteinyldopa in the urine of healthy subjects. Acta Dermatovener 1975, 55: 7-9.

Owman, Ch. and B. Falck. Functional approach to the histochemistry of catecholamines in peripheral sympathetic nerves. In: "Golgi Centennial Symposium. Proceedings". Ed.: M. Santini, Raven Press, N.Y. 1975, p. 415-436.

Falck, B., S. Ingemansson, A. Nobin and E. Rosengren. The adrenergic innervation of the human liver. Acta Endocr. 1975, Suppl. 139 p. 181.

Agrup, G., M. Bengtsson, B. Falck, K. Persson, H. Rorsman, A.-M. Rosengren and E. Rosengren. Demonstration of 3-methoxy-tyrosine in the urine of melanoma patients. Acta Dermatovener 1976, 56: 27-31.

Falck, B., G. Agrup, S. Jacobsson, H. Rorsman, E. Rosengren, K. Sackner and M. Ögren. Uptake of L-dopa and functionally related aromatic amino acids into the Langerhans cells. J. Invest. Derm. 1976, 66: 265.

Hardebo, J.E., L. Edvinsson, B. Falck, M. Lindvall, Ch. Owman, E. Rosengren and N.-A. Svendgaard. Experimental models for histochemical and chemical studies of the enzymatic blood-brain barrier for amine precursors. In: "The Cerebral Vessel Wall" ED.: J. Cervós-Navarro et al. Raven Press. New York. 1976 p. 233-244.

Björklund, A., S. Axelsson and B. Falck. Intraneuronal indolamines in the central nervous system. Advanc. Biochem. Psychopharmacol. 1976, 15: 87-94.

Agrup, G., B. Falck, C. Hansson, H. Rorsman, A.-M. Rosengren and E. Rosengren. Metabolism of 5-S-cysteinyldopa by o-methylation. Acta Dermatovener (Stockholm) 1977, 57: 309-312.

Agrup, G., P. Agrup, T. Andersson, B. Falck, J.-A. Hansson, S. Jacobsson, H. Rorsman, E. Rosengren and A.-M. Rosengren. 5-S-cysteinyldopa in the urine of melanoma patients. Acta Dermatovener Stockholm) 1977, 57: 113-116.

Agrup, G., B. Falck, H. Rorsman, A.-M. Rosengren and E. Rosengren. Glutathionedopa in malignant melanoma. Acta Dermatovener (Stockholm) 1977, 57: 221-222.

Rorsman, H., G. Agrup, B. Falck, A.-M. Rosengren and E. Rosengren. Exposure to sunlight and urinary excretion of 5-S-cysteinyldopa. Pigment Cell 1976, 2: 284-289.

Agrup, G., Falck, B., Rorsman. H., Rosengren, A.-M. and Rosengren, E. Intracellular distribution of dopa and 5-S-cysteinyldopa in Harding-Passey melanoma. Acta Dermatovener (Stockholm) 1977, 57: 313-315.

Elofsson, R., Falck, B., Lindvall, 0 and Myhrberg, H. Evidence for new catecholamines or related amino acids in some invertebrate sensory neurons. Cell Tiss. Res. 1977, 182: 525-536.

Falck, B., Jacobsson, S., Lindvall, 0 and Nietsche, U-B. On the occurrence of cysteinyldopa and dopa in melanocytes and benign nevi cells. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1976, 10: 185-188.

Nobin, A., Falck. B., Ingemansson. S., Järhult, J., and Rosengren, E. Organization and function of the sympathetic innervation of human liver. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl. 452, p. 103-106, 1977.

Walles, B., Falck, B., Owman, Ch., and Sjöberg, N-0. Characterization of autonomic receptors in the smooth musculature of human Graafian follicle. Biology of reproduction. 1977, 17: 423-431.

Sjöborg, S., Axelsson, S., Falck, B., Jacobsson, S., and Ringberg, A. A new method for the visualization of the epi¬dermal Langerhans cell and its application on normal and allergic skin. Acta Dermatovener (Stockholm) 1978, 79: 23-30.

Axelsson, S., Elofsson, R., Falck, B., and Sjöborg, S. In vitro uptake of L-DOPA and catecholamines into the epidermal Langerhans cell.Acta Dermatovener (Stockholm) 1978, 79: 31-35.

Nobin, A., Baumgarten, H.G., Falck, B., Ingemansson, S., Moghimzadeh, E., and Rosengren, E. Organization of the Sympathetic Innervation in Liver Tissue from Monkey and Man. Cell Tiss. Res. 1978, 195: 371-380.

Järhult, J., Falck, B., Ingemansson, S. and Nobin, A. The Functional Importance of Sympathetic Nerves to the Liver and Endocrine Pancreas. Annals of Surgery, 1979, 189: 96-100.

Hardebo, J.E., Falck, B., Owman, Ch., and Rosengren E. Studies on the enzymatic blood-brain barrier: Quantita¬tive measurements of DOPA decarboxylase in the wall of microvessels as related to the parenchyma in various CNS regions. Acta physiol.scand. 1979, 105: 453-460.

Owman, Ch., Edvinsson, L., Emson,P., Falck, B., Hardebo, J.E., and Rosengren E. Decarboxylation in the microvessel wall: An enzymatic blood-brain barrier to monoamine precursors. Acta Neurol.scand. 1979, suppl. 72, 60: 166-167.

Lindvall, 0., Björklund,A., Falck, B., and Lorén, I. New aspects on factors determining the sensitivity of the formalde¬hyde and glyoxylic acid fluorescence histochemical methods for monoamines. Histochemistry, 1980, 68: 169-181.

Elofsson, R., Falck, B., and Sjöborg, S. The ultrastructure of normal epidermis with special reference to the Langerhans cells. J. Cutan Pathol. 1981, 8: 154-155.

Falck, B., Elofsson, R., and Sjöborg, S. The epidermal Langerhans cell in contact allergic dermatitis – An activated cell. A combined fluorescence and electron microscopic study. J. Cutan Pathol. 1981, 8: 155.

Falck, B., Andersson, A., Elofson, R., and Sjöborg, S. New views on epidermis and its Langer-hans cells in the normal state and in contact dermatitis. Acta Dermatovener. 1981 suppl. 99. 61: 3-27.

Elofsson, R., Andersson, A., Falck, B., and Sjöborg, S. Evidence for endocytotic mechanisms in the epidermal Langerhans cells. Acta Dermatovener. 1981 suppl. 99, 6l: 29-39.

Andersson, A., Sjöborg, S., Elofsson, R., and Falck, B. The epidermal indeterminate cell – a special celltype? Acta Dermatovener. 1981 suppl. 99, 61: 41-48.

Elofsson, R., Andersson, A., Falck, B., and Sjöborg, S. The human epidermal melanocyte – a ciliated cell. Acta dermatovener, 1981 suppl. 99, 61: 49-52.

Lindvall, 0., Björklund, A.and Falck, B. Fluorescence microscopy of biogenic monoamines. In: Methods in Neurobiology, Vol. 2. Ed.: Robert Lahue. Plenum Press 1981, p. 365-451.

Falck, B., A. Björklund and 0. Lindvall. Recent progress in aldehyde fluorescence histochemistry. Brain Research Bulletin 1982, 9: 3-10.

Elofsson, R., A. Andersson, B. Falck and S. Sjöborg. The ciliated human keratinocyte. J. of Ultrastructure Research 1984, 87: 212-220.

Falck, B., A. Andersson and J. Bartosik. Some new ultrastructural aspects on human epidermis and its Langerhans cells. Scand. J. Immunol, 1985, 21: 409-416.

Bengtsson, F., A. Nobin, B. Falck, F. H. Gage and B. Jeppsson. Effect of oral branched chain amino acids on behavior and brain serotonin metabolism in porta¬caval shunted rats. World J. Surg.,1988, 12: 246-254

Bartosik, J., A. Andersson, S. Axelsson, B. Falck and A. Ringberg. Direct evidence for the cytomembrane derivation of Birbeck granules: the membrane-sandwich effect. Acta Derm Venereol 1985, 65: 157-160.

Mikulowska, A., A. Andersson, J. Bartosik, and B Falck. Cytomembrane-sandwiching in human epidermal Langerhans cells: a novel reaction to an irritant. Acta Derm Venereol 1988, 68: 254-256.

Warfvinge K, Mikulowska A, Falck B. Functionally Different Langerhans´ Cells in Human Epidermis. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1991, 71: 429-430.

Bartosik J, Lamm C J, Falck B. Quantification of Birbeck´s Granules in Human Langerhans´ Cells. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1991, 71: 209-213.

Falck B, Andersson A, Mikulowska A, Ronquist. G. α-amino-n-butyric Acid Methyl Ester Induces Concentrative Uptake of L-dopa in Human Langerhans´ Cells Normally not Operative for L-dopa Transport. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1993, 73: 197-199.

Mikulowska A and Falck B. Distributional changes of Langerhans cells in human skin during irritant contact dermatitis. Arch Dermatol Res. 1994, 286: 429-433.

Falck B, Bendsoe N, Ronquist G. Human epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) operate under anaerobic conditions and possess a unique proton/amino acid counter transport system. J Invest Dermatol. 1997, 109: 256.

Falck B, Bendsoe N, Ronquist G. New mechanisms for amino acid influx into human epidermal Langerhans cells: L-dopa/proton counter-transport system. Experimental Dermatology 2003, 12: 602-609.

Ronquist G, Andersson A, Bendsoe N, Falck B. Human epidermal energy metabolism is functionally anaerobic. Experimental Dermatology 2003, 12: 572-579.

Falck B, Bendsoe N, Ronquist G. Mediated exodus of L-dopa from human epidermal Langerhans cells. Amino Acids 2004, 26: 133-138.

Ahrén B., Mårtensson H. and Falck B. Effects of neuropeptide Y on insulin and glucagon secretion in the pig. Neuropeptides 1991 20: 49-55.

Ahrén B and Falck B. Effects of helodermin and VIP on insulin and glucagon secretion in the mouse. Regul Pept 1991 vol 32 no 1: 1-9.

References

  1. ↑ Computer Processing of Electron Microscope Images – Page 2 Peter W. Hawkes – 1980 This my view was based on histochemical monoamine research, using the formaldehyde fluorescence (Falck-Hillarp) method developed by Bengt Falck, Nils- Ake Hillarp and collaborators (Falck et al., 1962). With this technique, for the first …

    * Falck, Bengt O T i Vem Vem är Vem? : Skåne, Halland, Blekinge (2:a upplagan, 1966)

    External links