Bedford School

Bedford School is not to be confused with Bedford Girls' School, Bedford High School, Bedford Modern School or Old Bedford School in Bedford, Texas
Bedford School
Motto Floreat Schola Bedfordiensis
(May Bedford School Flourish)
Established 1552
Type Independent day and boarding
Public School
Religion Church of England
Headmaster James Hodgson
Founder King Edward VI
Location De Parys Avenue
Bedford
Bedfordshire
England
DfE number 822/6002
DfE URN 109718 Tables
Students 1111
Gender boys
Ages 7–18
Colours navy and white
Publications The Ousel
Former pupils Old Bedfordians
Website bedfordschool.org.uk

Bedford School is an HMC independent school for boys located in the county town of Bedford in England. Founded in 1552, it is the oldest of four independent schools in Bedford run by the Harpur Trust.

Bedford School is composed of the Preparatory School (ages 7 to 13) and the Upper School (ages 13 to 18). There are around 1,100 pupils, of whom approximately a third are boarders. In 2014, Mr James Hodgson succeeded Mr John Moule as Headmaster.

According to The Good Schools Guide, Bedford School is "much-respected by those in the know" and is "an unpretentious school which has everything a boy could need."[1] It has produced one Nobel Prize winner, recipients of the Victoria Cross, twenty-four rugby internationals, and the winners of seven Olympic gold medals, educating leading personalities from fields as diverse as politics, academia and the armed forces, cinema, the legal profession and sport.

History

Bedford School's coat of arms

A school was established in Bedford as early as the thirteenth century, adjacent to St Paul's Church.[2] The current Bedford School was established on 15 August 1552, when the Mayor, Bailiffs, Burgesses and Commonality of Bedford were, by letters patent issued by King Edward VI, granted the right to establish a school which was to provide "education, institution and instruction of Boys and Youths in Grammar, Literature and Good Manners."[3] The driving force behind the establishment of the school was John Williams, Mayor of Bedford three times between 1546 and 1552, and MP for Bedford between 1554 and 1555. Born in Bedford in c1519, Williams had purchased several hundred pounds of former monastic property in 1544-45 following the Dissolution of the Monasteries. This included the old schoolhouse, and during Williams' first mayoralty, between 1546 and 1547, the Bedford church of St Peter Dunstable was demolished and the materials were utilised in carrying out repairs to the school.[4] Shortly thereafter, William Harper (born in Bedford in c1496)[5] and his wife, Alice, set out to provide funds for an educational endowment in perpetuity (later known as the Harpur Trust) for the "poore chylders ther to be nurryshed and enformed". The endowment included buildings in Bedford and thirteen acres of land acquired by Harper in Holborn. And so, conveying this endowment to the corporation of Bedford on 22 April 1566, Harper provided Bedford School with new buildings at its second location, in St Paul's Square, and a house for the Headmaster, Edmund Greene. Elected Lord Mayor of London in 1561 and knighted by Queen Elizabeth I in 1562, Sir William Harper's coat of arms and crest included the eagle which remains a symbol for Bedford School.[6]

The statue of Sir William Harpur on the facade of the old school buildings of Bedford School in St Paul's Square

In the 1680s, as a consequence of London's rapid expansion in the late seventeenth century, the land in Holborn, with which Sir William Harper had endowed Bedford School in 1566, was built upon. The rental value of the thirteen acres of land and three roods of meadow, purchased by Sir William in 1564 for just £180 13s, soared and the future of Bedford School was assured.[6]

Sir William Harper's surname was changed to 'Harpur' in 1764, nearly two centuries after his death. This was supposedly in the belief that the new spelling looked much better when used in a Latin inscription, still visible today, below the statue of Sir William on the facade of the old school buildings in St Paul's Square.[7] Whatever the truth of this story, in that same year, 1764, the Harpur Trust was formally created by Act of Parliament to administer Bedford School's endowment.[6]

James Surtees Phillpotts was appointed as the twenty-second Headmaster of Bedford School in 1874, at the age of thirty-five, and he remained in that position until his retirement in 1903. It was during his time as Headmaster that, on 29 October 1891, a procession of masters, pupils and old boys moved the school from its site in St Paul's Square to its third, current, and far more spacious location in buildings constructed on land to the north of St Peter's Green.[8]

The new Main School Building, in Gothic Revival style, included a great hall with galleries opening to classrooms on the second and third floors. The ground floor included the Headmaster's study, the Bell Room, common rooms for masters and, later, for monitors, as well as more classrooms. Access to the upper floors was by narrow staircases situated at each end of the building.[9]

Bedford School's Main School Building remained in this form until a disastrous fire on 3 March 1979 destroyed all but the west end where the Bell Room and the Headmaster's study were located. All that remained of the rest of the building was the brick shell which was incorporated in the restored building. The restored Main School Building was opened on 10 September 1981. In the interim the school functioned in twenty-two temporary huts and by using the Howard and Craig buildings on the school estate.[10]

In 2005, Bedford School was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools which were accused of running a price-fixing cartel which had allowed them to push up school fees.[11] Each school was required to pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and all agreed to make ex-gratia payments totalling £3 million into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.[12]

The school estate has seen many developments over the past century, most recently the erection of two new buildings: the new Library in 2004, and the new Music School in 2006.[13] Work on the construction of a new school theatre is currently proceeding apace.[14]

Buildings and grounds

Main School Building

A view of the north side of Bedford School's Main School Building

The Main School Building, originally built in 1891, is a Gothic Revival Grade II listed building.[15][16] On the night of 3–4 March 1979, much of the building was gutted by fire as a result of arson. The internal structure of the building was destroyed and thirty classrooms were lost. Almost all pupil records were saved but books, furniture and the large collection of portraits of former Headmasters were lost. Nevertheless the school was in full operation on Monday 5 March.[17][18]

The integral structure of the walls was not affected by the fire, and under the indefatigable leadership of the Headmaster, Ian Jones, and two Chairmen of the Harpur Trust, Sir John Howard and Anthony Abrahams, the building was restored within two years. The architect, Sir Philip Dowson CBE RA, made a number of alterations to the building during the restoration process: the most important was the raising of the central Great Hall to first floor level in order to provide more classroom and administrative space on the ground floor below.[15]

Chapel

Bedford School Chapel (with the new Music School seen to the right)

Bedford School Chapel was completed in 1908 and is a Grade B listed building. It is significant as the last architectural accomplishment of George Frederick Bodley, a prominent Victorian architect who worked in the Gothic Revival style. Other notable buildings by Bodley include the chapels of Marlborough College and Queens' College, Cambridge.[19]

In 2005, various refurbishment projects took place within the chapel. Most significantly, the ceiling was restored to its former Bodlian watercolour design, the original having been painted over in the 1960s due to deterioration. At the same time, the interior walls were redecorated and the stonework cleaned.

The chapel is home to Bedford School's Chapel Choir and houses a fine two-manual Hill, Norman & Beard organ. The specification of this instrument can be found in the National Pipe Organ Register.

Observatory and Planetarium

The Charles Piazzi Smyth Observatory and the Wolfson Planetarium were opened in May 2002 by HRH The Duke of Edinburgh. Situated on the Bedford School estate, the facility is operated by the school's Astronomer in conjunction with members of the Bedford Astronomical Society.[20]

The observatory was named after an Old Bedfordian who went on to become the Astronomer Royal for Scotland. It boasts a custom-designed GRP dome and a computer-controlled twelve-inch (305mm) telescope. The telescope has a hydrogen alpha filter, which enables the observer to view the magnetic plasma flow around the sun. The adjacent Planetarium was named after the Wolfson Foundation.

Music School

Bedford School Music Department is housed in the new purpose-built Music School, designed by Eric Parry RA, and completed in November 2005. This state-of-the-art building houses a large recital hall with recording facilities, a recording studio, individual specialised teaching and practice rooms, and a rock music studio. The building was officially opened by Sir Peter Maxwell Davies CH CBE, Master of the Queen's Music, in March 2006, and the recording facilities were officially opened by David Arnold on 20 May 2013.[21]

Cricket Ground

The first recorded match on the Bedford School Cricket Ground was played in 1876, between Bedfordshire and Huntingdonshire.[22] Bedfordshire played its first Minor Counties Championship match on the ground in 1895, against Hertfordshire. Since 1895, the ground has been host to 181 Minor Counties Championship matches.[23] In addition, the ground has been host to five MCCA Knockout Trophy matches for Bedfordshire, the first played in 1993 between Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire.[24]

The ground has been host to two List-A matches for Northamptonshire: the first was played in the 1971 John Player League, between Northamptonshire and Lancashire; and the second was played in 1982, in the same competition and between the same two sides.[25] It has also been host to twenty-five Second XI fixtures for the Northamptonshire Second XI in the Second XI Championship for the Second XI Trophy.[26][27]

Year groups

The first year at Bedford School (for 13- to 14-year-olds) is called the Fourth Form and is equivalent to Year 9 in the state system. After that come the Remove and the Fifth Form. The next two years are the Lower Sixth and the Upper Sixth. Bedford School also caters for the lower years (from Year 3 to Year 8) in Bedford Preparatory School. This is located on the Bedford School estate and many facilities are shared.

Year GroupState school equivalent
Fourth FormYear 9
RemoveYear 10
Fifth FormYear 11
Lower SixthYear 12
Upper SixthYear 13

Houses

Bedford School has six houses. Each house is composed of a day house and an associated boarding house. The house names, dating from the mid-nineteenth century, refer to areas of Bedford; boys were originally allocated a house based on the area of town in which they lived. Whilst these are the official house names, it is common for boarders to refer to their house by the name of their boarding house.[28] The houses are:

Ashburnham – The day house occupies a large building adjacent to the Design and Technology Building. The boarding house, Sandersons, is situated within a ten-minute walk of the school, adjacent to Redburn. The house colours are dark red and brown.

Bromham – The day house is situated on Burnaby Road at the main entrance to the school, next to the Rice Building. The school's sixth form boarding house, Burnaby, is situated on Burnaby Road. The house colours are light blue and navy blue.

Crescent – The day house is situated in a two-storey building towards the south of the school estate. The boarding house, Pemberley, is situated on Pemberley Avenue. The house colours are black and white. The name Crescent derives from the crescent shaped building housing its day house.

Paulo Pontine – The day house occupies a single storey ground floor area beneath the Art Department towards the south of the school estate. The boarding house, Redburn, is situated within a ten-minute walk of the school. The house colours are yellow, brown and light blue. The house takes its name from the area around St Paul's Church ('Paulo') and the area south of the river, over the Town Bridge ('Pontine').

St Cuthbert's – The day house is located next door to the Medical Centre on Burnaby Road. The boarding house, Phillpotts, is situated in the north-east corner of the school estate. The house colours are dark blue and black.

St Peter's – The day house occupies a purpose-built building next to its boarding house, Talbots, on Burnaby Road. The house colours are scarlet (formerly cerise) and white.

School officials

Bedford School monitors are selected from amongst the boys of the Upper Sixth. These pupils are deemed to have demonstrated highly developed leadership skills. Since 2004, monitors have been chosen by a selection committee after application. They are entitled to wear coloured waistcoats and brown shoes as well as brass buttons on their blazers.[29]

The Head of School and the Deputy Head are selected from amongst the monitors. Boys are also selected to act as heads of their respective boarding and school houses, and monitors may be chosen to fill these roles. Each Head of House is appointed directly by his Housemaster, who also selects the Deputy Head of House and house options; except in the cases of Burnaby (the sixth form boarding house) and Sandersons, where the boys elect their own Head and Deputy Head of House.

Colours

Bedford School recognises individual achievement in various fields by the awarding of 'colours', at the discretion of the appropriate master, to boys in the Fifth Form and above. The various colours entitle the bearer to wear a particular variant of his uniform, appropriate to that award, on given days. There are five types of colours: Academic, Arts, Headmaster's, House, and Sports (Major and Minor).[30]

Academic colours – Awarded to Upper Sixth boys for outstanding academic achievement or for significant contributions to extracurricular academic activities supported by the school. Academic colours consist of a golden eagle to be worn on the blazer.[31]

Arts colours – Awarded for excellence in art, music or drama. Arts colours consist of a white eagle on a purple patch.

Headmaster's colours – Awarded by the Headmaster to a boy who has made a significant contribution to the school. Headmaster's colours are the highest form of colours to be awarded at Bedford School and are typically awarded only to one or two boys each year. Headmaster's colours consist of just a woollen scarf: navy blue with three vertical gold stripes and the school shield embroidered at either end. The scarf may be worn on a daily basis.

House colours – Awarded by a Housemaster for contributions made to a boy's house, for example through success in an inter-house competition. House colours consist of a house tie with pronounced double stripes (thicker than on the standard house tie) and a knitted house scarf with multiple horizontal stripes, both in the house colours. House colours may be worn on a daily basis.

Major sports colours – Awarded for success when representing the school in one of the four major sports (cricket, hockey, rowing or rugby) by the master in charge of that sport and with the Headmaster's approval. Major sports colours consist of a club tie (dull blue with thick double white stripes), plain cable-knit cricket jumper, blazer and other accessories. The tie and jumper are common to all sports whilst the blazer and other accessories vary between them. The tie, jumper and scarf may be worn on a daily basis whilst blazers and other accessories are reserved for High Days, Saturdays and match days. The variants for each of the major sports are as follows:

Cricket: royal blue and white vertically striped blazer with a breast pocket white eagle; royal blue and white striped cricket cap; no scarf.
Hockey: navy blue woollen blazer with a breast pocket white eagle within a red shield; dull blue woollen scarf with three sky blue vertical stripes.
Rowing: navy blue woollen blazer with white piping and a breast pocket white eagle; dull blue woollen scarf with white vertical stripes; white trousers.
Rugby: navy blue woollen blazer with a breast pocket navy blue eagle within a red shield; dull blue woollen scarf with three red vertical stripes.

Minor sports colours – Awarded for success when representing the school in a minor sport (i.e. any sport other than one of the four major sports) by the master in charge of that sport. Minor sports colours may also be awarded to successful second team players of major sports. Minor sports colours consist of a royal blue club tie with single white stripes, a woollen navy blue blazer with a white eagle on the breast pocket and a navy blue woollen scarf with three vertical stripes (royal blue on the edges, white in the centre). The tie and scarf may be worn on a daily basis; the blazer is reserved for High Days, Saturdays and match days.

Extracurricular activities

Bedford School's Main School Building at night, viewed from the Sports Field

Chapel Choir

The Chapel Choir sings the weekly and special services in Bedford School Chapel.[32] The choir consists of eighteen choristers from the Preparatory School and twenty-four choral scholars from the Upper School, many of whom are former cathedral choristers.

The Chapel Choir regularly sings services and performs concerts in English cathedrals, including St Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. The choir also tours abroad in alternate years. Previous destinations have included: Prague (1998); Oslo (2000); Paris (2002), where the choir sang mass in Notre Dame Cathedral; Rome (2004), where the choir sang mass in St. Peter's Basilica; Ireland (2006); and Madrid (2008).[32]

The choir has made several recordings in recent years. In 2007, the BBC recorded the school's Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols for transmission on Christmas Day of that year on BBC Radio under the direction of Andrew Morris, Director of Music at Bedford School between 1979 and 2011.[33]

Combined Cadet Force

One of the most popular extracurricular activities at Bedford School is membership of the Combined Cadet Force. Bedford School CCF differs from other corps as it draws its members from two schools (Bedford School and Bedford Girls' School) and since membership is voluntary. In spite of its voluntary status, the Bedford School Combined Cadet Force is one of the largest CCF contingents of any British school.[34]

Music

Bedford School stages an annual concert programme, culminating in a series of summer concerts at the end of the academic year. There are a number of senior music groups, including the Bedford School First Orchestra, the Concert Band, the Choral Society, the Chapel Choir, and a large number of chamber groups. In addition, there is the Second Orchestra, the Chamber Orchestra and the Dance Band, as well as a number of jazz and rock bands.[33] There is a musician in residence at the school.

School hymn

Bedford School has a tradition of singing. Boys sing together in assembly and in chapel at least twice a week and the boarders have a weekly hymn practice. The inter-house singing competition, held annually every autumn, is one of the most fiercely fought contests in the school. The school hymn, Domus Pater, was written in 1861 by Revd Henry Le Mesurier, Usher at Bedford School.[35]

Latin textTranslation
Domus Pater Harperiae
Honus Tuus sit incola;
Tu porticus caelestibus
Praesidiis circumsede.		In Harpur's house, O Father, may
Thine honour aye in dwelling stay
May ever round its portals be
The guardian angels placed by thee.
Impubes usque tu manus
Huc ventitantes respice
Et inter mundi Semitas
Pedes securos dirige.		The bands of youth look down and see
Restoring here continuously;
And safely on through life's rough way
Direct their footsteps day by day.
Infirma verbo pectora
Rectoque cultu robora;
Cibum caelestem porrige
Et mala procul abige.		Strengthen the frail ones with thy word
And guiding discipline, O Lord;
Hold forth thy heavenly food, we pray,
And drive all evil things away.
Ut omni mane gratiam
Tuam precentur cum fide
Et corde grato vesperi
Laudes tuas concelebrent.		May they each morn the day begin
With prayer sincere thy grace to win
With grateful hearts at fall of even
May they exalt thy praise to heaven.
Deo Patri sit gloria
Eiusque soli Filio,
Sanctissimo cum Spiritu,
Et nunc et in perpetuum.		To God the Father and the Son,
And God the Spirit, Holy One,
May greatest glory henceforth be
Both now and through eternity.

School magazines

Bedford School produces several magazines, of which the most prominent is The Ousel, published regularly since 1876.[36] It is largely written by boys and managed directly by the school. It is published at the end of each Summer term and contains pupil and staff reviews of the school year. The school's Mosaic Society runs the Mosaic magazine which contains a range of essays and articles written by boys on subjects ranging from current affairs and politics to sport and science.[37] In 2011, the Classical Society introduced its new publication, VIM Magazine. Run entirely by the boys, with support provided by members of staff from the Classics Department, the magazine contains academic essays as well as more light-hearted articles on classical fashion and travel. It bears testament to the burgeoning resurgence of Classics at Bedford School.

Sport

Bedford School has a different major sport for each term. The Christmas term is rugby union orientated, the Easter term is devoted to hockey, and Summer is the cricket season. Rowing takes place on the River Ouse throughout the year. Other popular Bedford School sports include athletics, badminton, basketball, canoeing, cross-country running, fencing, fives, football, golf, rifle shooting, sailing, squash, swimming, table tennis, tennis, volleyball, water polo and weight training.[38]

On the rugby field, Bedford School competes regularly against Dulwich College, Haileybury, Harrow School, Oakham School, Oundle School, Radley College, Rugby School, St Edward's School, Oxford, Stowe School, Uppingham School, Warwick School and Wellington College. Bedford School has also fielded rugby teams against Marlborough College, Merchant Taylors' School, Mill Hill School, RGS High Wycombe and St Paul's School, amongst other schools.

The school has produced many internationally famous sportsmen, including cricketer Alastair Cook MBE,[39] who went on to captain the England cricket team, and whose coach at Bedford School was sports master and former England batsman Derek Randall. Other famous Bedford School sportsmen include England rugby internationals Martin Bayfield and Andy Gomarsall MBE; the rower Jack Beresford CBE, winner of five Olympic medals; and 1924 Olympic 100-metre sprint gold medalist Harold Abrahams CBE.

Headmasters

Edmund Greene was appointed as Headmaster of Bedford School by the Mayor, Bailiffs, Burgesses and Commonality of Bedford following the dissolution of Newnham Priory in 1540. His appointment was made prior to Bedford School's refoundation in 1552. From then on the Wardens and Fellows of New College, Oxford were given the right to appoint the Master (Headmaster) and Usher (Deputy Headmaster).[40] The tradition of New College and Wykehamist appointees came to an end in 1903 with the appointment of John Edward King as Headmaster.

Notable staff

Notable Old Bedfordians

Academia

Actors, directors and entertainers

Adventurers and nonconformists

Architecture

The Armed Forces

Victoria Cross and George Cross

Navy

Army

Air Force

Aviation

The Church

The Civil and Diplomatic Services

Industry and commerce

Journalism

The Law

Literature

Medicine

Music

Politicians and statesmen

Sport

All-Rounders

Athletics

Cricket

Equestrianism

Fencing

Football

Hockey

Motor Sport

Rowing

Rugby

Tennis

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ "Bedford School | Bedford | LEA:Bedford | Bedfordshire". The Good Schools Guide. 12 May 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
  2. ↑ Victoria County History: Bedfordshire, Vol. 3 (1912)
  3. ↑ De-la-Noy, p.223
  4. ↑ WILLIAMS, alias SCOTT, John (by 1519–61 or later), of Bedford. | History of Parliament Online
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Godber, Joyce (1973). The Harpur Trust 1552–1973. White Crescent Press Ltd. ISBN 0-9502917-0-6.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Godber, Joyce (1973). The Harpur Trust 1552–1973. White Crescent Press Ltd. ISBN 0-9502917-0-6
  7. ↑ De-la-Noy, p.227
  8. ↑ De-la-Noy, pp.47–72
  9. ↑ De-la-Noy, pp.63–64
  10. ↑ M.E. Barlen, M.P. Stambach and D.P.C. Stileman (1984). Bedford School and the Great Fire. Quiller Press. ISBN 0-907621-37-6
  11. ↑ Halpin, Tony (10 November 2005). "Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees". The Times (London). Retrieved 2010-04-26.
  12. ↑ "The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement". Oft.gov.uk. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
  13. ↑ "www.bedfordschool.org". www.bedfordschool.org. 20 September 2011. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
  14. ↑ "BBC News – Brian Saville leaves Bedford School £6m in will". Bbc.co.uk. 28 November 2013. Retrieved 2014-02-03.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Barlen, M E: Bedford School and the Great Fire (London: Quiller Press, 1984) p.86
  16. ↑ "Detailed Record". Imagesofengland.org.uk. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
  17. ↑ "www.bedfordschool.org.uk ''25th Anniversary of Bedford School's Great Fire'', March 2004". Bedfordschool.org.uk. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
  18. ↑ "www.bedfordschool.org.uk ''An interview with Mr Simms, who celebrated 50 years with Bedford School this week'', November 2009". Bedfordschool.org.uk. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
  19. ↑ "Detailed Record". Imagesofengland.org.uk. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
  20. ↑ De-la-Noy, p.221
  21. ↑ "An introduction to Bedford School Music School". Bedford School. 20 September 2011. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
  22. ↑ "Other matches played on Bedford School Ground". Cricketarchive.com. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
  23. ↑ "Minor Counties Championship Matches played on Bedford School Ground". Cricketarchive.com. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
  24. ↑ "Minor Counties Trophy Matches played on Bedford School Ground". Cricketarchive.com. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
  25. ↑ "List-A Matches played on Bedford School Ground". Cricketarchive.com. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
  26. ↑ "Second XI Championship Matches played on Bedford School Ground". Cricketarchive.com. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
  27. ↑ "Second XI Trophy Matches played on Bedford School Ground". Cricketarchive.com. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
  28. ↑ De-la-Noy, p.123
  29. ↑ De-la-Noy, p.56
  30. ↑ Awards & Achievements
  31. ↑ Academic Colours – Bedford School
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 "Bedford School". Bedford School. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 De-la-Noy, p.218
  34. ↑ De-la-Noy, p.213
  35. ↑ De-la-Noy, p.35
  36. ↑ De-la-Noy, p.52
  37. ↑ De-la-Noy, pp.116–117
  38. ↑ De-la-Noy, pp.197–198
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Randall, Charles (16 April 2008). "Alastair Cook reprises his original hits". London: The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2009-03-03.
  40. ↑ F.A.M. Webster, Our Great Public Schools, 1937.
  41. ↑ Slatter, Enid (2010) [2004]. "Abbot, Charles". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/2. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  42. ↑ Who's Who
  43. ↑ Baxter, Peter (2 June 2003). "BBC SPORT | Cricket | Test Match Special | Legends | Rex Alston". BBC News. Retrieved 2014-02-03.
  44. ↑ Halliday, Robert (2004). "Dennis, James Blatch Piggott". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/7502. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 De-la-Noy, p.26
  46. ↑ Waterhouse, Paul; O'Donnell, Roderick (2010) [2004]. "Penrose, Francis Cranmer". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/35467. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  47. ↑ Bruck, Hermann A. (2004). "Smyth, Charles". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/25948. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  48. ↑ Ranking, George; Pursglove, Parvin (2004). "Platts, John Thompson". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/35539. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  49. ↑ Bolton, Geoffrey (2004). "Daintree, Richard". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/7006. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  50. ↑ Obituary, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol.57, 1897, p.210
  51. ↑ Lane-Poole, Stanley; Katz, Jonathan Bernard (2012) [2004]. "Burnell, Arthur Coke". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4052. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  52. ↑ Who's Who
  53. ↑ Hill, A. W. (1941). "Walter Gardiner. 1859-1941". Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 3 (10): 985–926. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1941.0046.
  54. ↑ "Obituary notice: Sir Wyndham Rowland Dunstan, 1861–1949 – Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed) (RSC Publishing)". Pubs.rsc.org. 1 January 1950. Retrieved 2014-02-03.
  55. ↑ Hubble, D. V.; Bevan, Michael (2006) [2004]. "Brown, Walter". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/34401. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  56. ↑ Obituary, The Times, 30 October 1931
  57. ↑ Kirk-Greene, A. H. M. (2004). "Meek, Charles Kingsley". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/34974. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  58. ↑ Obituary, The Times, 21 July 1945, p.6
  59. ↑ Who's Who
  60. ↑ http://www.sco-soc.ca/picoides/archive/Picoides1_1_1987.pdf
  61. ↑ Karl T. Parker – Dictionary of Art Historians
  62. ↑ Goldsmith, Maurice (1980), Sage: A Life of J. D. Bernal, p.24, London, Hutchinson, ISBN 0-09-139550-X
  63. ↑ Who's Who
  64. ↑ Morris, Peter J. T. (2009) [2006]. "Martin, Archer John Porter". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/77176. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  65. ↑ Professor Richard D'Aeth, obituary in The Independent dated 5 May 2008
  66. ↑ Obituary, The Times, 29 April 1985, p.14
  67. ↑ Obituary, The Times, 20 July 1998, p.23
  68. ↑ Obituary: Professor Peter Corbett – People – News – The Independent
  69. ↑ A Fascination with Enzymes: The Journey Not the Arrival Matters
  70. ↑ Who's Who
  71. ↑ James, Ioan (2004). "Adams, (John) Frank". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/40031. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  72. ↑ Who's Who
  73. ↑ Bringing off the miracle of resurrection | General | Times Higher Education
  74. ↑ Who's Who
  75. ↑ The Men Who Lost America – Connect
  76. ↑ Obituary, The Times, 7 March 1924, p.15
  77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 77.2 77.3 77.4 http://www.bedfordschool.org.uk/sitefiles/upload_docs/Bedford%20School%20Rugby2.pdf
  78. ↑ Who's Who
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