Bawdeswell

Bawdeswell

All Saints Church, Bawdeswell
Bawdeswell
 Bawdeswell shown within Norfolk
Area  4.87 km2 (1.88 sq mi)
Population 828 (2001 census.[1])
   – density  170/km2 (440/sq mi)
OS grid referenceTG046208
DistrictBreckland
Shire countyNorfolk
RegionEast
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post town DEREHAM
Postcode district NR20
Dialling code 01362
Police Norfolk
Fire Norfolk
Ambulance East of England
EU Parliament East of England
UK ParliamentMid Norfolk
List of places
UK
England
Norfolk

Coordinates: 52°44′48″N 1°01′47″E / 52.746618°N 1.029842°E

Bawdeswell is a small rural village and civil parish in the Breckland district of the county of Norfolk, England. At the time of the 2011 census it had a population of 828 and an area of 487 hectares. As of June 2012 there were 360 dwellings some of which are holiday lets[2] with some 314 in the village itself and a further 46 within the parish boundary.

Toponymy

The village name appears to be unique, with no other example being found by internet searches, and has been spelt as Baldereswella, Baldeswell, Badswell, Bawsewella and Baldeswelle—in 1807 it was officially Baldeswell.[3] The exact meaning of the name of the village is uncertain. However, well or wella is well (water), stream or spring and it is clear that there has always been water here with quite a number of wells still surviving, the water table being 12 feet (3.7 m) or less. Baldhere can be found listed as a boy's name. In Old English it meant 'Strong or Courageous Army' and may date back before the 7th century, in Norse it was a mythological son of the God Odin and in Swedish meant 'The God of Light'. The name of the village may thus stem from the Old English given name Baldhere and refers to a source of water belonging to or possibly discovered by him. Therefore an original spelling may have been Baldhereswell(a). In his An Essay towards a Topographical History of the County of Norfolk: volume 8, historian, social and landscape geographer Francis Blomefield considers the meaning of balder could be quick running water and ascribes the same meaning to Boldre, Hampshire and Baldersdale, North Yorkshire.[3]

Geography

Bawdeswell Village is situated almost in the centre of Norfolk on the northeastern boundary of Breckland District. It is about 14 miles (23 km) northwest of Norwich, 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Fakenham, 7 miles (11 km) northeast of the market town of East Dereham (more commonly known just as Dereham) and 3 miles (4.8 km) west of the small Market town of Reepham which is in Broadland District. The main area of the village is situated immediately to the north of the A1067 road but there are also a few dwellings to the south of the A1067 on Dereham Road, Billingford Road and Elsing Lane. There is also a small amount of development on Reepham Road to the North of the village. The main area of the village varies between 140 and 150 feet (46 m) above sea level.

Bawdeswell is close to the village of Foxley and to Foxley Wood which is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and the largest remaining area of ancient woodland in Norfolk, England.

Bawdeswell Parish is adjacent to the Parishes of Foxley to the North, Bylaugh and Sparham to the south, Billingford to the west and Reepham to the east.

History

Bawdeswell is sited on a Roman road that ran from Durobrivae near modern Peterborough, across the Fen Causeway to Denver, followed Fincham Drove and crossed Peddars Way between Castle Acre and Swaffham, thence towards North Elmham and Billingford, to Bawdeswell and Jordans Green, and on to Smallburgh. It was a major east-west route and possibly continued via the large Roman settlement at Brampton to Caister or an important port since eroded by the sea. The village lies just over 2 miles (3.2 km) east of Billingford that was a Roman settlement and river (Wensum) crossing (wooden Roman Bridge) point. Some Neolithic and Anglo Saxon artifacts found in Bawdeswell are listed by Norfolk Museums and Archaeology Service. An excavation at The Gables in 1998 revealed a variety of items from prehistoric to post medieval including a Roman pot and evidence of a Roman field system [4] More information can be seen at http://www.heritage.norfolk.gov.uk/record-details?TNF146 The village is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 and again in the 'Norwich Domesday Book' of 1291. Evidence has been found of a church here since about 1100.

Bawdeswell was the home of Chaucer's Reeve in The Reeve's Prologue and Tale in the Canterbury Tales from which the village magazine 'The Reeve's Tale' gets its name. He was "Osewald the Reeve", "Of Northfolk was this reeve of which I telle, Byside a toun men callen Baldeswelle".

Six roads meet here. From the northwest the road from Fakenham and from the southeast the road from Norwich (A1067). From the west the road from King's Lynn via Litcham and North Elmham and from the east the road from Mundesley on the coast via Aylsham and Reepham (B1145). From the southwest the road from Dereham via Swanton Morely (B1147). Lastly, and in this case least, is the road south to Elsing that starts as Elsing Lane and after reaching Elsing meanders through various lanes to places south such as North Tuddenham and Mattishall.

In times past there were four coaching inns and a toll gate on a turnpike. It was a busy stopping off point for the changing of horses and coaches, including the mail coach, for travellers including Walsingham pilgrims. As with many villages, all the original pubs closed, mostly in the 1920s, but the Bell Inn stayed until 1970 when it was closed and converted into flats. [5]

The buildings of the tollhouse and of the four original public houses are now residential dwellings within the conservation area of the village. The tollhouse was built in about 1823 and by the 21st century was semi-derelict but in 2002 work commenced to restore and extend it as a residential dwelling now known as Tollgate Cottage. Chaucer House is reputedly the oldest building in the village dating to the 14th or 15th century and up until 1920 was The Crown Inn (previously Bear Inn) after which it was Crown Farm (farmhouse) before being given its current name. The Ram Inn closed in 1929 and is now a private house 'The Willows'.

Conservation area

The centre of the village has been preserved by the creation of a conservation area in 1975. Breckland District has some 50 Conservation areas in 45 of its 112 parishes.

Listed buildings

The following buildings are all Grade II Listed.

Bawdeswell Hall, Chaucer House (formerly 'The Crown Inn' and 'Crown Farm'), Church of All Saints, K6 Telephone Kiosk, The Gables (now known as 'The Old Workhouse Bar' and 'Church View') and The Willows (formerly 'The Ram Inn').[6]

Bawdeswell Hall

Bawdeswell Hall is a Dutch gabled building dating from 1683. Originally built by a Henry Eglington it is now owned by the Gurney family. Gurney's Bank was based in Norwich and connected through marriage to Barclays Bank of London with which it merged along with Backhouse's Bank of Darlington and several other Provincial banks in 1896 to form what is now Barclays Bank. Elizabeth Fry, the famous prison reformer, was born a Gurney and the portrait from which the image on the reverse of the £5 note is taken hangs on the main staircase in the hall.

Its Grade II listing says - House. 1683 according to gable tie-ends. Refurbished in 1861. Brick with plain tile and pantile roofs. Roughly E plan with west wing and porch of 1861. 2 storeys with attic. Facade of 9 bays of Victorian mullion and transom windows in some instances set into original openings. Single storey Victorian canted bays to projecting wings. Original platband with ovolo moulded lower edge. C19 dentil cornice and curvilinear gables - original to west gable of main block and east projecting wing. Several moulded chimney shafts in Tudor style. 2 original openings (one blocked) to east facade with skewback arches. Extensive later additions to rear. Initials CS on rainwater hoppers.

Chaucer House

Reputed to be the oldest surviving building in the village it was quite badly damaged in the plane crash which destroyed the Church in 1944. It's Grade II listing says - House. Late medieval and later. Eastern section rebuilt after 1945. Colour-washed brick and flint (rendered to road side) supporting a jettied timber framed first floor. Pantile roof. Section of jettied first floor elevated: believed to represent carriage entrance. 2 storeys with vaulted cellar to rear. Irregular fenestration with 2 3-light and 2 2-light modern mullion windows to ground floor street side and 3 3-light casements to upper floor. Upper floor close-studded to both sides. Irregular fenestration to rear with C18 and C19 casements and evidence for one C17 plain chamfered mullion window. 2 axial stacks and an C18 or C19 shallow pitched roof. Interior. Large plain chamfered spinal bridging joist with straight stops. Evidence for 2 opposing long windows. Moulded brick corbelling probably for a first floor fireplhce. Arched doorway with exposed medieval bricks.

The Willows

Another very old building in the village. Previously The Ram Inn it is now a private residence. It's Grade II listing says - House. Late medieval and C17 with modern refacing and additions. Former timber frame surviving to first floor of east side only. Replaced with brick. Pantile roof. C15 or C16 bay to street side with C17 addition to south. Later extensions to sides and rear. 2 storeys with former attic. 3 bays of modern tripartite sashes with glazing bars beneath skewback arches with cambered soffits. One axial and one gable-end stacks. Interior.C15 or C16 bays with large encased spiral bridging joist below. Original roof of closely spaced trusses with collars and former collar purlin and crown posts. C17 bay with ovolo moulded bridging joists, fireplace bressummer and tie beams. Fine oriel window projecting into landing on shaped brackets; of 5 lights with ovolo moulded mullions and transom. Flanked by 2 small 2-light ovolo-moulded mullion windows. Roof with collars, butt purlins and wind braces.

All Saints' Church

There has been a parish church on this site since circa 1100 but there are no records before 1313 when the current list of some 58 rectors begins. All Saints' is said to be the only Norfolk village church destroyed in World War II having been hit by an RAF Mosquito bomber from 608 Squadron at RAF Downham Market that crashed in the village in November 1944. Sadly, both the crew perished and there is a memorial plaque in the church made from aircraft parts by John Ames (PCC Secretary 1972–1980 and Churchwarden 1980–1994).[7]

The Church was replaced with one of Neo-Georgian design by architect J Fletcher Watson.[8]

Bawdeswell is one of six parishes in the FLEBBS benefice which includes Foxley, Lyng, Elsing, Bawdeswell, Bylaugh and Sparham parishes with one 'Priest In Charge', Revd Lynda Page, based in Lyng. The parish finances are ably supported by 'The Friends of Bawdeswell Church', who with various fund raising events and appeals, contribute towards the running costs of the church building and have paid for recent rewiring. A fund was set up in 2008 to raise funds for a replacement organ that has now been installed although fundraising continues to meet the full costs. The previous organ dating from about 1901, came from the Dower House Music Room at Shotesham, and was purchased second hand when the church was rebuilt.

Plane Crash 1944

Mosquito KB364 was one of twelve aircraft from 608 Squadron which set out from Bexwell, Norfolk, known then as RAF Downham Market, to attack Gelsenkirchen in Germany on 6 November 1944. The attack was a diversionary raid to draw German fighters away from two bigger raids elsewhere. (235 Lancaster bombers attacking the canal at Gravenhorst and 129 attacking Koblenz.) The attack commenced as planned, five minutes ahead of the two other raids at 19.25 hours. The Mosquitos dropped a mixture of red and green target indicators and high explosive bombs from 25,000 ft. A few searchlights and very light flak were reported by crews over Gelsenkirchen. Eleven of the Mosquitoes from 608 Squadron carried out successful missions and returned safely to Norfolk. Cloud and icing conditions were encountered. KB364 is thought to have become severely iced-up during the return descent through cloud over Norfolk, and it was considered likely at the time that the pilot lost control and was unable to maintain height. The aircraft hit some electricity cables in the Reepham Road and struck All Saints Church, setting it on fire. Parts of the aircraft carried on and hit Barwick House and Chaucer House opposite, causing considerable damage to both. Debris was spread over a wide area. The crash took place at 20.45hrs. The Dereham Fire Brigade and firefighters from the American airbase at Attlebridge (Weston Longville) attended and it took four hours to control the blaze. Both crew members died in the crash.

The Workhouse

The building was erected in about 1781 as a workhouse for the parishes of Bawdeswell, Billingford, Bintree, Bylaugh, Foxley, Lyng, and Sparham but was no longer required when the new Gressenhall workhouse was built to serve all the parishes in the area. From about 1828 to 1875 the building was used as a school. It later became a bakery and shop with a blacksmiths shop in outbuildings and an early petrol pump outside. It then became quite run down but has now been restored.

Now divided into two parts it hosts "The Old Workhouse Bar" and a private dwelling. Grade II listed it has previously been known as 'The Gables'.

It's Grade II listing says - House, formerly a workhouse, then school, then bakery and shop. Main wing of 1781 (White's 1845), cross wing C16. Cross wing of galletted flint and brick dressings and brick heightening. Main wing of brick. Pantile roofs. 2 storeys. Cross wing with 2 simple C19 4-bay shop fronts with pilasters incorporating a panelled door to east. South shop front set between original brick keyed window jambs. Similar quoins. One C19 3-light chamfered mullion and transom window to first floor south. West facade of 3 bays of late C19 sash windows with stucco rustication. C18 or C19 hipped roof. Main wing with 3 bays of C19 3-light chamfered mullion and transom windows set into original openings. Skewback arches with cambered soffits to ground floor windows. Off-centre front doorway with pilasters overlapping architrave and dentilated frieze. Interior of cross wing with 2 double ogee moulded bridging joists with straight stops.

Schools

A free school for twelve boys from Bawdeswell and eight from Foxley was endowed by John Leeds esq. in 1728[9]

From about 1828 there was a school in The Old Workhouse building with up to seventy pupils.[10] The current village primary school was built in 1875 for Bawdeswell, Bylaugh and Foxley at the sole expense of the Rev Henry Lombe of Bylaugh Hall, who was the Lord of the Manor. His family crest is on the front with the motto "PROPOSITI TENAX" (Firm of Purpose).[11] The school had a roll of 107 as of January 2015.[12]

Most secondary school children attend Reepham High School.[13]

Village development

There has been significant development in the village in the last few decades. The population had declined from 410 at the 1891 census to 331 in 1971 increasing to 574 in 1981, 652 in 1991, 766 in 2001 (all census figures) and to 828 in the 2011 census.[14] This increase was in no small way due to the development of the Hall Road and Two Fields Way area plus Paradise Road. Since 2000 the developments at Saxon Meadows, All Saint's Court and Chaucers Heath (Reeve's Close) plus other infill have added at least 24 new houses and the redevelopment of the sheltered housing accommodation at Folland Court completed in August 2009 has seen eight larger family houses built. There is considerable opposition within the village to any further large scale development, especially of sixty or so houses on the site near Two Fields Way proposed by the 'Gladedale Group', expressed at the Annual Parish Meeting in May 2007,[15] and the draft Breckland Local Development Framework (LDF) has not listed Bawdeswell for any significant development. Recently, planning permission has been granted for 2 more houses in Saxon Meadows.[16]

Parish Council Policy has been to resist attempts to make Bawdeswell an LSC (Local Service Centre) and to opt for minor development only within the existing development boundary and to accept two small sites to be included in a minor adjustment of the settlement boundary. Breckland Council's Core Strategy which does not list Bawdeswell as an LSC or for any significant development has been broadly accepted by The Planning Inspectorate in their report.[17] and was adopted on 17 December 2009.

The Breckland LDF Task & Finish Group examined ten site specific submissions for the village and rejected all of them.[18][19]

Facilities

The village Pub, The Old Workhouse Bar

As well as the pub, Bawdeswell has a village shop which used to be privately owned but is now owned by McColls, a butcher's shop [currently closed] and a reasonably sized garden centre. A Post Office is open on Tuesday & Friday mornings in the Church Vestry.On the south side of the A1067 is Bawdeswell Garage.

Village Hall

The village hall was moved from the centre of the village on the site of what is now five houses at Old Woods Green to the recreation ground north of the village in the early 1990s. This move was controversial at the time and some residents are still unhappy about it. A modern steel and timber structure was designed but was only one third completed with available funding and the actual hall part was never built. It had a high pitched roof and the original plan was for there to be a badminton court in the main hall. Despite these adversities, the hall that was there had reasonable facilities and was well used but its size restricted it to one activity at a time. A new larger hall was initially planned through Project Bawdeswell but this was taken over by the Village Hall Committee. A planning application was approved in January 2012 for a new hall. An application to the Big Lottery Fund was approved and £536,984 [includes additional £36,984 awarded later] has been awarded for a new hall- see Big Lottery Press Release at http://www.biglotteryfund.org.uk/global-content/press-releases/england/180314_rc_ee_victorian-norfolk-treasure

Work to demolish the existing hall and construct a new larger building started on 26th August 2014 and is due for completion in May 2015. Progress is being recorded on the Village Hall Web Site at http://bawdeswellvillagehall.norfolkparishes.gov.uk/our-new-village-hall/

Recreation ground and play area

The recreation ground includes a soccer pitch, a basketball/short tennis court and a play area which was rebuilt in 2010.

During the new hall building works it is open during the contractor's working hours and 8am to 7pm at weekends and holidays

Bawdeswell Heath

Bawdeswell Heath is all that remains of a huge area of common land following the inclosure acts in the late 18th and early to mid 19th centuries. There are 37 acres (150,000 m2) in total that can be accessed from Dereham Road with parking available about 1/2 mile Southwest of the A1067 or by foot from 'The Layby' in Billingford Road about 1/3 mile West of the A1067. The Heath is administered by a board of trustees except for 2 acres (8,100 m2) administered by the Parish Council as trustees.

Adam's Pit

Adam's Pit is a small pond/wildlife sanctuary situated at the junction of Dereham Road and Paradise Lane immediately to the north of the A1067 road. It is held in trust by the Parish Council and has recently been transformed from a muddy overgrown pond to a well managed wildlife conservation area. Financial assistance has been received from Norfolk County Council who have also given advice. The origin of its name is unknown.

Transport

Bawdeswell is situated on the X29 bus route between Norwich and Fakenham although timetable changes in 2014 mean that not all buses pass through the village. Norwich railway station is 15 1⁄2 miles (24.9 km) distant by road. There is a service to and from London and frequent trains to Cambridge, Great Yarmouth and Lowestoft, Cromer and Sheringham plus a cross country service to Liverpool. Norwich International Airport is 13 miles (21 km) by road from Bawdeswell and can be reached in about 25 minutes by car/taxi. A community car scheme for transport to medical appointments is run by the Parish Council with financial assistance from Breckland Council.

Governance

The parish council consists of seven councillors and a parish clerk. The council has ten meetings each year, normally on the 1st Monday of each month at 7.45pm currently in the Church but will revert to the new village hall when it opens. There are no meetings in January or August and the May meeting which includes the Annual Parish Council Meeting is usually on the 2nd Monday of the month. The Annual Parish Meeting is held on a separate day.[20]

The election for the seven parish councillors due to be held on Thursday 7 May 2015, has been uncontested as there were only five nominees and the Returning Officer has declared that these five were elected. The remaining two positions will be filled by co-option.

Westminster - The village is part of the Mid Norfolk (Parliament constituency,the Member of Parliament being George Freeman (politician) (Conservative). An election will be held on 7th May 2015

Norfolk County Council - Bawdeswell is in the Elmham and Mattishall Division and the councillor is Bill Borrett (Conservative).[21] The last election was held on 2 May 2013 and elections are held every four years.

Breckland District Council - Bawdeswell has until May 2015 been part of Eynsford ward with Gordon Bambridge (Conservative) as councillor.[22] The last election was held on 5 May 2011 and elections are held every four years.The ward electoral boundaries have been changed with Bawdeswell now in a new 'Upper Wensum' ward with 2 councillors. The next election is on 7th May 2015.

Notes

  1. ↑ Census population and household counts for unparished urban areas and all parishes. Office for National Statistics & Norfolk County Council (2001). Retrieved 20 June 2009.
  2. ↑ Village Magazine distribution list
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Francis Blomefield. "Eynford Hundred: Baldeshwell". An Essay towards a Topographical History of the County of Norfolk: volume 8. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
  4. ↑ Summary of catalogued finds at Norfolk County Council: Heritage
  5. ↑ http://www.norfolkpubs.co.uk/norfolkb/bawdeswell/bawdbe.htm
  6. ↑ British Listed Buildings (non-official website) Retrieved 2011-05-07
  7. ↑ Friends of Bawdeswell Church
  8. ↑ Baudeswell Church
  9. ↑ .Francis White's History, Gazetteer, and Directory, of Norfolk 1854, p. 434.
  10. ↑ The Workhouse
  11. ↑ Kelly's Directory for Cambridgeshire, Norfolk & Suffolk, 1883, pp. 241-242
  12. ↑
  13. ↑ Norfolk County Council
  14. ↑ (http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=11120489&c=bawdeswell&d=16&e=13&g=6447989&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1387371271005&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2474)
  15. ↑ Bawdeswell Parish Council Minutes Retrieved 2010-11-26
  16. ↑ (http://planning.breckland.gov.uk/portal/pls/portal/BRECKWEB.RPT_APPLICATION_DETAILS.SHOW?p_arg_names=reference&p_arg_values=3PL/2013/0894/F)
  17. ↑ Planning Inspectorate report Retrieved 2010-11-26
  18. ↑ Breckland Council document, pages 31, 37 & 38 and minutes of the group for 25 November 2009 Retrieved 2010-11-26
  19. ↑ Breckland Council document, pages 3 & 4 Retrieved 2010-11-26
  20. ↑ Bawdeswell Parish Council Website Retrieved 2010-12-04
  21. ↑ Norfolk County Council website Retrieved 2010-12-04
  22. ↑ Breckland Council website Retrieved 2011-05-06

External links

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