Battle of Baiji (October–November 2014)

First Battle of Baiji Part of Iraqi insurgency (2011–present) and the Military intervention against ISIL and the Salahuddin campaign (2014–15) Date 29 October–18 November 2014 (2 weeks and 6 days) Location Baiji, Saladin Governorate, Iraq Result Anti-ISIL victory[1] Territorial changes Iraqi Army takes control of Baiji on November 14[2] Iraqi security forces enter the Baiji refinery on November 18[3] Belligerents Iraq Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq Hezbollah[4] Iran[4]  United States[5]  United Kingdom[6] Canada[7] Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Commanders and leaders Haidar al-Abadi Khaled Obeidi Saleh Jaber[8] Akram al-Kabi[9] Qasem Soleimani[9] Barack Obama David Cameron Stephen Harper Abu Ayman al-Iraqi † (Head of Military Shura)[10][11] Abu Suleiman al-Naser (Replacement Military Chief)[11] Abu Muslim al-Turkmani (Deputy, Iraq) † [12] Abu Nabil (ISIL governor of the Saladin Governorate) Units involved Iraqi Armed Forces Mosul Battalion[13] Shia militias Qods Force[9] IRIAF[14]  United States Air Force  Royal Air Force  Royal Canadian Air Force Military of ISIL Anti-Government Fighters Strength Unknown Unknown Casualties and losses Unknown 100+[15] 197+ killed and 122 wounded[16]

Iraqi insurgency (2011–present) Timeline 11 12 13 14 15 Insurgency 2011–13 1st Baghdad 2nd Baghdad & 1st Nasiriyah 1st Basra 3rd Baghdad 1st Pan-Iraq 2nd Pan-Iraq 4th Baghdad & 1st Hilla ‡ 3rd Pan-Iraq ‡ 4th Pan-Iraq ‡ 5th Pan-Iraq ‡ 6th Pan-Iraq 7th Pan-Iraq 1st Tuz Khormato 1st Kirkuk Akashat 8th Pan-Iraq 1st Tikrit 9th Pan-Iraq 5th Baghdad ‡ Hawija ‡ 10th Pan-Iraq al-Shabah (2013) 6th Baghdad 11th Pan-Iraq 12th Pan-Iraq ‡ 13th Pan-Iraq 7th Baghdad 14th Pan-Iraq ‡ 15th Pan-Iraq Camp Ashraf 8th Baghdad ‡ 16th Pan-Iraq 1st Samarra ‡ 9th Baghdad 2nd Kirkuk 10th Baghdad 1st Ar Rutbah Escalation 2013–present ‡ Anbar Fallujah 17th Pan-Iraq ‡ 18th Pan-Iraq ‡ 19th Pan-Iraq ‡ 20th Pan-Iraq ‡ 1st Northern Iraq Mosul Tikrit Assyrian persecution ‡ Camp Speicher Amirli ‡ Tikrit ‡ 2nd Northern Iraq ‡ Zumar ‡ Sinjar ‡ Yazidi persecution ‡ Mosul Dam Musab bin Umair mosque Suq al Ghazi ‡ Saqlawiyah Hīt ‡ 2nd Baiji ‡ Ramadi ‡ 3rd Baiiji ‡ 2nd Sinjar ‡ Dhuluiya ‡ 2nd Tikrit 2nd Mosul International incidents Iranian-led intervention Jurf Al Sakhar Salahuddin campaign (2014–15) Amirli 2nd Baiji 3rd Baiji 2nd Tikrit American-led intervention Inherent Resolve Shader Okra Chammal Impact ‡ indicates incidents resulting in over 100 deaths

Battle of Baiji (October–November 2014) was a battle that took place in Baiji, Iraq. It was one of Iraq's largest victory against ISIL and its allies, cutting off supplies from the ISIL-held city of Tikrit.^[17] The taking of Baiji caused a bisection of ISIL's presence along the Tigris river as the city and oil refinery sit between Mosul and Tikrit, which are positioned to the north and south of Baiji respectively.

Background

On 11 June 2014, ISIL insurgents advanced into Baiji, seizing the main court house and police station and setting them on fire. The militants, who were travelling in a group of around 60 vehicles, also took control of the Baiji prison and freed all the inmates within. Local residents told members of the media that ISIL sent a group of local tribal chiefs ahead of them to convince the 250 guards at the oil plant to withdraw, while soldiers and police had been warned to leave as well.^[18] Later in the day, militants reportedly retreated from Baiji either due to persuasion from local tribal leaders^[19] or due to reinforcements from the Iraqi Army's Fourth Armored Division arriving in the city.^[20] However, the next day it was confirmed ISIL was still in control of the town, except the refinery which was surrounded.^[21]

On 18 June, ISIL attacked the refinery with mortars and machine guns.^[22] An official from inside the refinery stated the militants had captured 75 percent of the facility, while a military spokesman claimed the attack had been repelled with 40 insurgents being killed.^[23]

On 19 June, Iraqi government forces claimed to have regained full control of the Baiji oil refinery, after heavy fighting that left 100 militants dead.^[24] An Iraqi witness who drove past the Baiji refinery told the Associated Press that ISIL had hung their banners from the watch towers and created checkpoints surrounding the facility, despite government claims of control.^[25][26]

On 20 June, the town was still under complete control of the militants while the oil refinery was surrounded by ISIL forces and had once again come under attack.^[27]

Iraqi security forces repelled several ISIL attempts to take the refinery between June and October 2014.^[28][29]

The battle

On 29 October 2014, Iraqi government forces and allied militias advanced to within 2 km of the city of Baiji in an attempt to retake the city and break the siege of the refinery.^[30]

On November 4, two British Royal Air Force Tornado GR4 aircraft flying in support of Iraqi ground forces, attacked and destroyed an Islamic State pickup trucks using a Brimstone missile.^[6]

On November 9, Iraqi forces took control of parts of the city. Using helicopters to attack the militants, they entered the city from the south and the west, and took over the city center and the al-Tamim neighbourhood. This left ISIL forces stranded between the city and the refinery, and Iraqi forces advanced slowly due to car bombs attacks on the road.^[31] It was reported that Iraqi forces had control of 40% of the city center. Many residents said that there were non-stop clashes in the area.^[32]

On November 10, a British MQ-9 Reaper identified and attacked a group of ISIL militants which had been laying improvised explosive devices in the area. A single Hellfire air-to-surface missile was used to conduct the attack.^[6]

On November 11, an ISIL suicide bomber killed 8 people in Baiji. The bombing occurred after a large crowd of people gathered around soldiers who had taken parts of the city center.^[33]

On November 14, it was reported that the army had taken full control of the city, forcing ISIL forces to withdraw.

On 18 November, the anti-terrorism force Mosul Battalion entered Baiji refinery for the first time since June 2014. However, this could not be confirmed independently. If confirmed, it would be a major victory for Iraqi forces. State television said that they had entered the gates of the refinery.^[34] Meanwhile, it was confirmed that Iraqi forces were in full control of Baiji. Iraqi state television said Baiji's recapture was a "Graveyard for ISIS".^[35] Later, the US Department of State congratulated the Iraqi forces for retaking the country's largest oil refinery, confirming the Iraqi victory.^[36]

Aftermath

On December 19, clashes broke out in Baiji again, and on December 21, ISIL retook the city from Iraqi forces, with clashes in the area continuing.^[37][38]

See also

• Fall of Mosul
• First Battle of Tikrit
• Sinjar massacre
• Siege of Amirli
• Operation Ashura
• Battle of Ramadi (2014–15)
• Battle of Baiji
• Sinjar offensive
• Liberation of Mosul
• Second Battle of Tikrit (March–April 2015)
• List of wars and battles involving the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

References

External links

• Operation Inherent Resolve airstrike updates

Coordinates: 34°56′00″N 43°29′00″E / 34.9333°N 43.4833°E / 34.9333; 43.4833