Battle of Arbedo

Battle of Arbedo
Date June 30, 1422 [1] Location Arbedo, Ticino, Switzerland Result Decisive Lombard Milanese victory [2]
Belligerents
Duchy of Milan	Old Swiss Confederacy :    Uri    Unterwalden    Luzern    Zug
Commanders and leaders
Francesco Bussone [3][4]	Ulrich Welker Roth von Uri † Kälin von Zug † Zelger von Obwalden †[4]
Strength
16,000 (including 5,000 cavalry) [5][6]	2,500 Infantry [5][6]
Casualties and losses
1,000 Dead [4]	500 Dead[6] 300 Captured Including Ulrich [4][7]

The Battle of Arbedo was fought on June 30, 1422 between the Duchy of Milan and the Swiss Confederation.

In 1419, Uri and Unterwalden bought the Bellinzona stronghold from the Sacco barons, but were unable to defend it adequately. When, in 1422, they rejected the Milanese proposal to buy back the fortified town, their troops stationed in Bellinzona were put to rout by the Visconti army under the command of Francesco Bussone, called Il Carmagnola. An attempt to reconquer the fortified area with the support of other confederates led to the battle at Arbedo, a village 3 km north of Bellinzona. The Count of Carmagnola led the forces of the Duchy of Milan against the Swiss and was victorious.

An 1869 Swiss shooting thaler depicting Hans Landwing saving the banner during the battle of Arbedo

The Swiss were mainly equipped with halberds and had an initial success against the Lombard cavalry charge. Then Carmagnola brought his crossbowmen forward, while dismounting his cavalry. The dismounted men-at-arms used pikes which outreached the halberds. The Swiss were further under pressure by the crossbow fire on the flanks.

The Milanese force began to push back the Swiss, who were only saved from total disaster by the appearance of a band of foragers, whom the Milanese were convinced represented a major new force. When the Milanese force pulled back to reform, the Swiss fled the battlefield, having taken heavy casualties.

The victory secured Bellinzona and the Leventina to the Duchy. In addition the Duchy gained the Val d'Ossola, thus the Swiss losing all the territorial gains they had made. The defeat discouraged the Swiss expansionist intentions towards Lake Maggiore for a long time. It was the defeat at Arbedo that made the Swiss increase the number of pikemen.

See also

• Battles of the Old Swiss Confederacy

Sources

• P. Pieri: Il Rinascimento e la crisi militare italiana
• M. Mallett: Mercenaries and their Masters: Warfare in Renaissance Italy
• E. Pometta: Come il Ticino venne in potere degli Svizzeri. Bellinzona
• A. Battistella: Il conte di Carmagnola

References