Bass arpeggiation

Fundamental structure: fundamental line on top stave, bass arpeggiation below.  Play 

One possible bass elaboration: I–IV–V–I  Play  as elaboration of I–V–I  Play .^[1]

In Schenkerian analysis, the bass arpeggiation (de: Bassbrechung) is the bass pattern forming the deep background of tonal musical works. It consists in scale steps (de: Stufen) I-V-I, each of which may span hundreds of measures of music in the foreground.^[2]

The bass pattern is an arpeggiation in the sense that its middle note (V) first arises as the fifth of the elaborated chord (I), of which it is the upper-fifth divider.^[3] It is only when it meets with the passing note of the fundamental line that V becomes an independent chord within the first one.^[4] See also Schenkerian analysis, The arpeggiation of the bass and the divider at the fifth.

The bass arpeggiation properly speaking consists in the three scale steps I-V-I exclusively, but it may be elaborated at a remote level: see Schenkerian analysis, Elaboration of the bass arpeggiation.

Sources

Schenkerian analysis (glossary) Bass arpeggiation Diminution Fundamental line Fundamental structure Klang Linear progression Neighbor note Obligatory register Primary tone Prolongation Reaching over Register transfer Scale-step Structural level Tonal space Unfolding Voice exchange Voice leading Counterpoint Free Composition Harmony