Baselines of Indonesia
Indonesia's baselines follows the archipelagic baselines principle provided for under Article 46 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. It consists of straight lines linking 195 coordinate points located at the outer edge of the archipelago which serve as basepoints.[1]
Baselines legislation
The current baselines were established by Government Regulation 38 of 2002[2] which defined by 183 coordinate points as basepoints. The baselines were modified by Government Regulation No 37 of 2008[3] which changed as well as added basepoints to take into account the International Court of Justice decision on the sovereignty of Sipadan and Ligitan islands and the independence of East Timor. No additional points were established for the area around Sipadan and Ligitan where the baselines was redrawn, while 10 new basepoints were added for the baseline to run around East Timor. Adjustments with two additional points were also made for the southern Java coast.
History
Indonesia's first piece of legislation pertaining to baselines and territorial waters was its Act No. 4 of 1960 which was decreed on 18 February 1960. The act established the country's baselines based on the "archipelago theory" which was not recognized by international law at that time.[4] The baselines consisted of straight lines joining 201 basepoints at the edge of the archipelago.
In 1996, Indonesia enacted Law No 6 on the Indonesian Territorial Waters using the principles embodied in the UNCLOS 1982 which Indonesia ratified in 1985. The new law revoked the baselines established by the 1960 act and enabled a new set of baselines to be drawn up through the 2002 Government Regulation.[5]
List of basepoints
South China Sea
| Point | Latitude | Longtitude | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| South China Sea | ||||
| 1 | 1° 14' 27" N | 104° 34' 32" E | Tanjung Berakit Bintan Island, Riau Islands province | |
| 2 | 1° 02' 52" N | 104° 49' 50" E | Sentut Island, Bintan, Riau Islands | |
| 3 | 2° 18' 00" N | 105° 35' 47" E | Tokong Malang Biru Island, Anambas, Riau Islands | |
| 4 | 2° 44' 29" N | 105° 22' 46" E | Damar Island, Anambas, Riau Islands | |
| 5 | 3° 05' 32"N | 105° 35' 00" E | Mangkai Island, Anambas, Riau Islands | |
| 6 | 3° 19' 52" N | 105° 57' 04" E | Tokong Nanas Island, Anambas, Riau Islands | |
| 7 | 3° 27' 04" N | 106° 16' 08" E | Tokong Belayar Island, Anambas, Riau Islands | |
| 8 | 4° 04' 01" N | 107° 26' 09" E | Tokong Boro Island, Natuna, Riau Islands | |
| 9 | 4° 31' 09" N | 107° 43' 17" E | Semiun Island, Natuna, Riau Islands | |
| 10 | 4° 42' 25" N | 107° 54' 20" E | Sebetul Island, Natuna, Riau Islands | |
| 11 | 4° 47' 38" N | 108° 00' 39" E | Sekatung Island, Natuna, Riau Islands | |
| 12 | 4° 47' 45" N | 108° 01' 19" E | Sekatung Island, Natuna, Riau Islands | |
| 13 | 4° 00' 48" N | 108° 25' 04" E | Senua Island, Natuna, Riau Islands | |
| 14 | 3° 01' 51" N | 108° 54' 52" E | Subi Kecil Island, Natuna,Riau Islands | |
| 15 | 2° 38' 43" N | 109° 10' 04" E | Kepala Island, Natuna, Riau Islands | |
| 16 | 2° 05' 10" N | 109° 38' 43" E | Tanjung Datu, West Kalimantan; Western-most terminus of Indonesia-Malaysia land border | |
Celebes Sea, Philippine Sea and the Pacific Ocean
| Point | Latitude | Longtitude | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celebes (Sulawesi) Sea | ||||
| 17♦ | 4° 10' 10" N | 117° 54' 29" E | Sebatik Island, Nunukan Regency. East Kalimantan; Easternmost point of Indonesia-Malaysia land border | |
| 18♦ | 4° 09' 58" N | 117° 55' 44" E | Sebatik Island, Nunukan, East Kalimantan | |
| 19♦ | 4° 09' 34" N | 117° 56' 27" E | Sebatik Island, Nunukan, East Kalimantan | |
| 20♦ | 4° 00' 38" N | 118° 04' 58" E | Karang Unarang, Nunukan, East Kalimantan | |
| 21 | 2° 15' 12" N | 118° 38' 41" E | Maratua Island, Berau, East Kalimantan | |
| 22 | 1° 46' 53" N | 119° 02' 26" E | Sambit Island, Berau, East Kalimantan | |
| 23 | 00° 59' 55" N | 120° 12' 50" E | Lingian Island, Tolitoli, Central Sulawesi | |
| 24 | 1° 20' 16" N | 120° 47' 31" E | Salando Island, Tolitoli, Central Sulawesi | |
| 25 | 1° 22' 40" N | 120° 53' 04" E | Dolangan Island, Tolitoli, Central Sulawesi | |
| 26 | 1° 22' 41" N | 120° 53' 07" E | Dolangan Island, Tolitoli, Central Sulawesi | |
| 27 | 1° 18' 48" N | 121° 26' 36" E | Tanjung Kramat, | |
| 28 | 1° 08' 17" N | 122° 25' 47" E | Karang Boliogut, | |
| 29 | 1° 02' 52" N | 123° 06' 45" E | Bangkit Island, Bolaang Mongondow, North Sulawesi | |
| 30 | 1° 09' 29" N | 124° 20' 38" E | Laimpangi, North Sulawesi | |
| 31 | 1° 45' 47" N | 124° 43' 51" E | Manterawu Island, Bolaang Mongondow, North Sulawesi | |
| 32 | 2° 44' 15" N | 125° 09' 28" E | Makalehi, Sangihe, North Sulawesi | |
| 33 | 4° 14' 06" N | 125° 18' 59" E | Kawalusu, Sangihe, North Sulawesi | |
| 34 | 4° 40' 16" N | 125° 25' 41" E | Kawio Island, Sangihe, North Sulawesi | |
| 35 | 4° 44' 14" N | 125° 28' 42" E | Marore Island, Sangihe, North Sulawesi | |
| 36 | 4° 44' 25" N | 125° 28' 56" E | Marore Island, Sangihe, North Sulawesi | |
| 37 | 4° 44' 46" N | 125° 29' 24" E | Batubawaikang Island, Sangihe, North Sulawesi | |
| Philippine Sea | ||||
| 38 | 5° 34' 02" N | 126° 34' 54" E | Miangas Island, Talaud Regency, North Sulawesi | |
| 39 | 5° 33' 57" N | 126° 35' 29" E | Miangas Island, Talaud, North Sulawesi | |
| 40 | 4° 46' 18" N | 127° 08' 32" E | Marampit Island, Talaud, North Sulawesi | |
| 41 | 4° 45' 39" N | 127° 08' 44" E | Marampit Island, Talaud, North Sulawesi | |
| 42 | 4° 38' 38" N | 127° 09' 49" E | Intata Island, Talaud, North Sulawesi | |
| 43 | 4° 37' 36" N | 127° 09' 53" E | Kakarutan Island, North Sulawesi | |
| Halmahera Sea | ||||
| 44 | 3° 45' 13" N | 126° 51' 06" E | Tampida Island | |
| 45 | 2° 38' 44" N | 128° 34' 27" E | Sopi Island | |
| 46 | 2° 25' 39" N | 128° 41' 57" E | Tanjung Gorua | |
| 47 | 1° 34' 44" N | 128° 44' 14" E | Tanjung Lelai | |
| 48 | 00° 43' 39" N | 129° 08' 30" E | Jiew Island, Central Halmahera, North Maluku | |
| Pacific Ocean | ||||
| 49 | 00° 32' 08" N | 130° 43' 52" E | Budd Island, Raja Ampat regency, West Papua province | |
| 50 | 1° 05' 20" N | 131° 15' 35" E | Fani Island, Raja Ampat, West Papua | |
| 51 | 1° 04' 28" N | 131° 16' 49" E | Fani Island, Raja Ampat, West Papua | |
| 52 | 00° 20' 16" S | 132° 09' 34" E | Miossu Island, Sorong, West Papua | |
| 53 | 00° 20' 34" S | 132° 25' 20" E | Tanjung Yamursba, Papua | |
| 54 | 00° 21' 42" S | 132° 43' 01" E | Tanjung Wasio, Papua | |
| 55 | 00° 56' 22" N | 134° 17' 44" E | Fanildo Island, Biak Numfor Regency, Papua | |
| 56 | 00° 55' 57" | 134° 20' 30" E | Bras Island, Biak Numfor, Papua | |
| 57 | 00° 23' 38" S | 135° 16' 27" E | Bepondi Island, Supiori Regency, Papua | |
| 58 | 00° 41' 56" S | 135° 51' 21" E | Tanjung Wasanbari | |
| 59 | 01° 04' 13" S | 136° 23' 14" E | Tanjung Basari | |
| 60 | 01° 27' 23" S | 137° 55' 51" E | Tanjung Narwaku | |
| 61 | 01° 34' 26" S | 138° 42' 57" E | Liki Island, Sarmi Regency, Papua | |
| 62 | 2° 19' 12" S | 140° 09' 07" E | Tanjung Kamdara | |
| 63 | 2° 26' 22" S | 140° 36' 47" E | Tanjung Kelapa | |
| 64 | 2° 36' 16" S | 141° 00' 00" E | Tanjung Oinake, Jayapura Regency, Papua; Northern terminus of the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea land border | |
- ♦ Basepoints modified by 2008 Government Regulation to take into account the International Court of Justice decision on the sovereignty of Sipadan and Ligitan Islands.
Arafura and Timor Seas
| Point | Latitude | Longtitude | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arafura Sea | ||||
| 65 | 9° 07' 40" S | 141° 01' 10" E | Torasi, Papua; Southern terminus of the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea land border | |
| 66 | 9° 10' 53" S | 140° 59' 07" E | Torasi | |
| 67 | 9° 12' 13" S | 140° 57' 27" E | Torasi | |
| 68 | 9° 12' 00" S | 140° 56' 08" E | Torasi | |
| 69 | 9° 05' 42" S | 140° 50' 58" E | Blatar | |
| 70 | 8° 16' 11" S | 139° 26' 11" E | Karang Sametinke | |
| 71 | 8° 26' 09" S | 138° 54' 23" E | Komoran | |
| 72 | 8° 26' 44" S | 137° 39' 28" E | Salah | |
| 73 | 8° 12' 49" S | 137° 41' 24" E | Kolepon Island | |
| 74 | 7° 49' 28" S | 137° 50' 50" E | Korima | |
| 75 | 6° 21' 31" S | 138° 23' 59" E | Cook | |
| 76 | 5° 58' 45" S | 138° 03' 22" E | Gosong Triton | |
| 77 | 5° 23' 14" S | 137° 43' 07" E | Laag Island | |
| 78 | 4° 54' 24" S | 136° 45' 35" E | Tanjung Pohonbatu | |
| 79 | 4° 38' 41" S | 136° 07' 14" E | Amarapya | |
| 80 | 5° 35' 42" S | 134° 49' 05" E | Ararkula Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku | |
| 81 | 6° 00' 09" S | 134° 54' 26" E | Karaweira Barat Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku | |
| 82 | 6° 19' 26" S | 134° 54' 53" E | Panambulai Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku | |
| 83 | 6° 38' 50" S | 134° 50' 12" E | Kultubai Utara Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku | |
| 84 | 6° 49' 54" S | 134° 47' 14" E | Kultubai Selatan Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku | |
| 85 | 7° 01' 08" S | 134° 41' 26" E | Karang Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku | |
| 86 | 7° 01' 48" S | 134° 40' 38" E | Karang Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku | |
| 87 | 7° 06' 14" S | 134° 31' 19" E | Enu Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku | |
| 88 | 7° 05' 23" S | 134° 28' 18" E | Enu Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku | |
| 89 | 6° 57' 01" S | 134° 11' 38" E | Batugoyang Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku | |
| 90 | 6° 00' 25" | S 132° 50' 42" E | Tanjung Weduar | |
| 91 | 7° 14' 26" S | 131° 58' 49" E | Larat Island, Tanimbar Islands, Maluku Tenggara Barat Regency, Maluku | |
| 92 | 7° 39' 49" S | 131° 43' 33" E | Karang Sarikilmasa | |
| Timor Sea | ||||
| 93 | 8° 03' 07" S | 131° 18' 02" E | Asutuban Island, Tanimbar Islands, Maluku Tenggara Barat Regency, Maluku | |
| 94 | 8° 03' 57" S | 131° 16' 55" E | Asutuban Island, Tanimbar, Maluku Tenggara Barat Regency, Maluku | |
| 95 | 8° 10' 17" S | 131° 07' 31" E | Selaru Timur Island, Tanimbar Islands, Maluku Tenggara Barat Regency, Maluku | |
| 96 | 8° 18' 27" S | 130° 53' 20" E | Selaru Barat Island, Tanimbar, Maluku Tenggara Barat Regency, Maluku | |
| 97 | 8° 20' 30" S | 130° 49' 16" E | Batarkusu Island, Maluku Tenggara Barat Regency, Maluku | |
| 98 | 8° 20' 41" S | 130° 48' 47" E | Fursey, | |
| 99 | 8° 20' 54" S | 130° 45' 21" E | Tanjung Arousu | |
| 100 | 8° 13' 29" S | 129° 49' 32" E | Marsela Island, Babar Islands, Maluku Barat Daya Regency, Maluku | |
| 101 | 8° 21' 09" S | 128° 30' 52" E | Meatimiarang Island, Maluku Barat Daya Regency, Maluku | |
| 101A♦ | 8° 14' 20" S | 127° 38' 34" E | Tanjung Karang, Leti Island, Maluku Barat Daya Regency, Maluku | |
| 101B♦ | 8° 14' 17" S | 127° 38' 04" E | Tanjung Kesioh, Leti Island, Maluku Barat Daya Regency, Maluku | |
| Wetar Strait | ||||
| 101C♦ | 8° 06' 07" S | 127° 08' 52" E | Tutun Yen, Kisar Island, Maluku Barat Daya Regency, Maluku | |
| 101D♦ | 7° 58' 31" S | 126° 27' 59" E | Tutun Eden, Wetar Island, Maluku Barat Daya Regency, Maluku | |
| 101E♦ | 8° 03' 44" S | 125° 44' 06" E | Lirang Island, Barat Daya Islands, Maluku Barat Daya Regency, Maluku | |
| Ombai Strait | ||||
| 101F♦ | 8° 19' 04" S | 125° 08' 25" E | Tanjung Lisomu, Alor Island, East Nusa Tenggara Province | |
| 101G♦ | 8° 21' 26" S | 125° 03' 37" E | Tanjung Seromu, Alor Island | |
| Sawu Sea | ||||
| 101H♦ | 8° 23’ 58” S | 124° 47’ 10” E | Tanjung Sibera, Alor Island | |
| 101I♦ | 8° 57’ 26” S | 124° 56’ 57” E | Mota Biku, Betun Regency on Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara Province; Northern terminus of Indonesia-East Timor land border | |
| Timor Sea | ||||
| 101J♦ | 9° 27’ 37” S | 125° 05’ 20” E | Mota Talas, Betun Regency on Timor Island; Southern terminus of Indonesia-East Timor land border | |
| 102 | 9° 38' 09" S | 124° 59' 39" E | Tanjung Wetoh, Timor Island | |
| 103 | 9° 52' 58" S | 124° 45' 00" E | Tanjung Batu Merah, Timor | |
| 104 | 10° 07' 14" S | 124° 28' 59" E | Tanjung Haikmeo, Timor | |
| 105 | 10° 10' 19" S | 124° 23' 44" E | Tanjung Tunfano, Timor | |
| 106 | 10° 49' 47" S | 123° 13' 22" E | Tanjung Puleh, Rote Island | |
| 107 | 11° 00' 36" S | 122° 52' 37" E | Ndana Island, off Rote Island | |
- ♦ Additional basepoints added in 2008 to modify baselines after the independence of East Timor.
Indian Ocean
| Point | Latitude | Longtitude | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indian Ocean | ||||
| 107 | 11° 00' 36" S | 122° 52' 37" E | Ndana Island, off Rote Island, East Nusa Tenggara | |
| 108 | 10° 37' 37" S | 121° 50' 15" E | Tanjung Merebu, Sawu Island, East Nusa Tenggara | |
| 109 | 10° 50' 00" S | 121° 16' 57" E | Dana Island, Sumba Timur Regency, Sumba Island, East Nusa Tenggara | |
| 110 | 10° 49' 54" S | 121° 16' 38" E | Dana Island, Sumba Timur Regency, Sumba | |
| 111 | 10° 19' 02" S | 120° 27' 13" E | Tanjung Ngunju, Sumba Timur Regency, Sumba | |
| 112 | 10° 20' 22" S | 120° 07' 02" E | Mangudu Island, Sumba Timur Regency, Sumba | |
| 113 | 10° 20' 08" S | 120° 05' 56" E | Mangudu Island, Sumba Timur Regency, Sumba | |
| 114 | 9° 41' 55" S | 119° 03' 27" E | Tanjung Merapu | |
| 115 | 9° 33' 46" S | 118° 55' 29" E | Tanjung Karoso | |
| 116 | 8° 53' 22" S | 118° 28' 02" E | Toro Doro | |
| 117 | 9° 06' 15" S | 117° 03' 25" E | Tanjung Talonan | |
| 118 | 9° 06' 37" S | 117° 00' 46" E | Tanjung Talonan | |
| 119 | 8° 55' 20" S | 116° 00' 08" E | Sophialouisa Island | |
| 120 | 8° 49' 11" S | 115° 35' 13" E | Tanjung Sedihing | |
| 121 | 8° 51' 06" S | 115° 10' 32" E | Tanjung Ungasan | |
| 122 | 8° 50' 56" S | 115° 06' 31" E | Tanjung Mebulu | |
| 123 | 8° 47' 14" S | 114° 31' 33" E | Tanjung Bantenan | |
| 124 | 8° 30' 30" S | 113° 17' 37" E | Barung Island | |
| 125 | 8° 24' 24" S | 111° 42' 31" E | Sekel Island | |
| 126 | 8° 22' 17" S | 111° 30' 41" E | Panehan Island | |
| 127 | 8° 12' 03" S | 110° 42' 31" E | Tanjung Batur | |
| 127A♦ | 8° 06' 05"S | 110° 26' 20" E | Tanjung Ngeres Langu | |
| 127B♦ | 7° 46' 39" S | 109° 25' 52" E | Batu Tugur | |
| 128 | 7° 47' 05" S | 109° 02' 34" E | Nusakambangan Island | |
| 129 | 7° 49' 17" S | 108° 25' 57" E | Tanjung Legokjawa | |
| 130 | 7° 49' 11" S | 108° 19' 18" E | Manuk Island | |
| 131 | 7° 49' 03" S | 108° 17' 55" E | Tanjung Tawulan | |
| 132 | 7° 44' 32" S | 107° 50' 32" E | Tanjung Gedeh | |
| 133 | 7° 23' 20" S | 106° 24' 14" E | Ujung Genteng | |
| 134 | 7° 01' 00" S | 105° 31' 25" E | Tanjung Deli | |
| 135 | 6° 51' 17" S | 105° 15' 44" E | Karang Pabayang | |
| 136 | 6° 50' 22" S | 105° 14' 20" E | Tanjung Guhakolak | |
| 137 | 5° 53' 45" S | 104° 26' 26" E | Batukecil Island | |
| 138 | 5° 14' 22" S | 103° 54' 57" E | Ujung Walor | |
| 139 | 5° 30' 50" S | 102° 21' 11" E | Tanjung Kahoabi | |
| 140 | 5° 31' 13" S | 102° 16' 00" E | Tanjung Labuho | |
| 141 | 5° 30' 30" S | 102° 14' 42" E | Tanjung Labuho | |
| 142 | 5° 21' 35" S | 102° 05' 04" E | Tanjung Kooma | |
| 143 | 4° 01' 12" S | 101° 01' 49" E | Mega Island | |
| 144 | 3° 17' 48" S | 100° 19' 47" E | Sibarubaru Island | |
| 145 | 2° 50' 14" S | 99° 59' 55" E | Tanjung Betumonga | |
| 146 | 1° 51' 58" S | 99° 04' 34" E | Sinyaunyau Island | |
| 147 | 1° 40' 43" S | 98° 52' 35" E | Tanjung Simansih | |
| 148 | 1° 13' 32" S | 98° 36' 07" E | Tanjung Sakaladat | |
| 149 | 00° 05' 33" S | 97° 51' 14" E | Simuk Island | |
| 150 | 00° 04' 05" S | 97° 50' 07" E | Simuk Island | |
| 151 | 1° 12' 47" N | 97° 04' 48" E | Wunga Island | |
| 152 | 1° 24' 19" N | 97° 03' 38" E | Tanjung Toyolawa, Nias Island, North Sumatra | |
| 153 | 2° 31' 47" N | 95° 55' 05" E | Simeulucut Island, Aceh Province | |
| 154 | 2° 57' 51" N | 95° 23' 34" E | Salaut Besar Island, Aceh | |
| 155 | 2° 58' 57" N | 95° 23' 06" E | Salaut Besar Island, Aceh | |
| 156 | 4° 52' 33" N | 95° 21' 46" E | Raya Island, Aceh | |
| 157 | 5° 16' 34" N | 95° 12' 07" E | Rusa Island, Aceh | |
| 158 | 5° 47' 34" N | 94° 58' 21" E | Benggala Island, Aceh | |
| 159 | 6° 04' 30" N | 95° 06' 45" E | Rondo Island, Aceh | |
| 160 | 6° 04' 30" N | 95° 07' 11" E | Rondo Island, Aceh | |
- ♦ Basepoints added in 2008.
Straits of Malacca
| Point | Latitude | Longtitude | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Straits of Malacca | ||||
| 160 | 6° 04' 30" N | 95° 07' 11" E | Rondo Island, Aceh Province | |
| 161 | 5° 53' 50" N | 95° 20' 03" E | Ujung Le Meule, Aceh | |
| 162 | 5° 30' 12" N | 95° 53' 16" E | Ujung Pidie, Aceh | |
| 163 | 5° 16' 31" N | 96° 49' 57" E | Ujung Peusangan, Aceh | |
| 164 | 5° 15' 04" N | 97° 29' 40" E | Tanjung Jamboaye, Aceh | |
| 165 | 5° 13' 01" N | 97° 32' 54" E | Paru Buso Island, Aceh | |
| 166 | 4° 53' 38" N | 97° 54' 49" E | Ujung Peureula, Aceh | |
| 167 | 4° 25' 36" N | 98° 17' 15" E | Ujung Tamiang, Aceh | |
| 168 | 3° 46' 38" N | 99° 30' 03" E | Berhala Island, North Sumatra Province | |
| 169 | 2° 52' 10" N | 100° 41' 05" E | Batu Mandi Island, North Sumatra | |
| 170 | 2° 05' 42" N | 101° 42' 30" E | Tanjung Punah, Rupat Island, Riau Province | |
| 171 | 1° 31' 29" N | 102° 28' 13" E | Tanjung Parit, Bengkalis Island, Riau | |
| 172 | 1° 06' 04" N | 102° 58' 11" E | Tanjung Kedabu, Rangsang Island, Riau | |
| 173 | 1° 11' 30" N | 103° 21' 08" E | Iyu Kecil Island, Karimun Regency, Riau Islands Province | |
| 174 | 1° 09' 59" N | 103° 23' 20" E | Karimun Kecil Island, Karimun, Riau Islands | |
| Singapore Straits | ||||
| 175 | 1° 09' 13" N | 103° 39' 11" E | Nipah Island, Batam, Riau Islands Province | |
| 176 | 1° 09' 12" N | 103° 39' 21" E | Nipah Island, Batam | |
| 177 | 1° 07' 44" N | 103° 41' 58" E | Pelampong Island, Batam | |
| 178 | 1° 07' 27" N | 103° 46' 30" E | Karang Helen Mars, Batam | |
| 179 | 1° 09' 26" N | 103° 48' 50" E | Karang Benteng, Batam | |
| 180 | 1° 11' 06" N | 103° 52' 57" E | Batu Berhanti, Batam | |
| 181 | 1° 12' 29" N | 104° 04' 47" E | Nongsa Island, Batam | |
| 182 | 1° 12' 16" N | 104° 23' 37" E | Tanjung Sading, Bintan Island, Riau Islands Province | |
| 183 | 1° 14' 35" N | 104° 33' 22" E | Tanjung Berakit, Bintan | |
| 1 | 1° 14' 27" N | 104° 34' 32" E | Tanjung Berakit, Bintan | |
References
- ↑ Online map of basepoints available at
- ↑ Online version available here.
- ↑ Online version available online here.
- ↑ "Straight baselines: Indonesia" (PDF), International Boundary Study 35, 20 July 1970
- ↑ Patmasari, Tri, The Indonesian archipelagic baselines: Technical and legal issues and the changing of environment (PDF) Paper presented at the 5th ABLOS Conference 15–17 October 2008 in Monaco.
