B yen

B yen
B Yen (B円 B en)

Obverse of the 10 Yen B-yen
Central bank United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands
User(s) Occupied Ryukyu Islands
Symbol ¥
Plural B yen
Banknotes 10s, 50s, 1¥, 5¥, 10¥, 20¥, 100¥, 1000¥
This infobox shows the latest status before this currency was rendered obsolete.
Various types of B Notes 1945-1958.

B Yen (B円 B en) was a colloquial term used to refer to a form of military scrip used in post-war US-Occupied Okinawa from April 15, 1946[1] to September 1958.[2] Officially, it was called B type military scrip (B型軍票 B-gata gunpyō).[3]

Currency

The B yen bills were of a blue or green color, and came in eight different denominations.[2][3]

History

The designation "B type yen" derives from the fact that, for a time after the US occupation of Okinawa Prefecture began, following the end of World War II, the US military used a separate scrip called "A type yen" while "B type yen" were only used by the local civilians.[3] In the brief time between the 1945 battle of Okinawa and the beginning of the US occupation, the islands went from a currency-free system, relying upon barter and distributions of supplies from the authorities, to the reintroduction of currency with the B yen, the introduction of the new Japanese yen (both "new yen" and "B yen" being used concurrently for a time) and then the establishment of the B yen as the only legal currency.[4]

Beginning in 1948, the A type yen was deprecated, and B type yen came to be used by military and civilians alike.[3]

Though the rest of Occupied Japan continued to use regular Japanese yen throughout the Occupation, military scrip was introduced in Okinawa because, even at that time, the US military government intended to continue occupation of Okinawa long after ending it in the Home Islands. Steps were taken to prevent inflation which would have resulted from the illegal influx of regular yen from the Home Islands, and once the economy in Okinawa was considered stable enough, the B yen was done away with, and the US dollar brought into use.[2][3]

An announcement was made by the office of Lt. Gen. Donald Prentice Booth (High Commissioner of the Ryukyu Islands and Commanding General of the U.S. Army on the Islands), and as of September 16, 1958, the B yen was replaced with the US dollar, at an exchange rate of 120 B yen to the dollar.[4] The exchange rate at the time for the Japanese yen used in "mainland" Japan was 360 yen to US$1.[5] This was done, in part, in order to encourage foreign investment by aligning Okinawa's economy with an international standard, though it is often said to have also contributed significantly to the dependence of Okinawa's economy upon the US, and the US military bases located there.[4]

Professor Michiko Iha of the University of the Ryukyus has argued that the B yen was part of a scheme by the occupying authorities to keep the dollar strong and yen weak, in order to more cheaply construct and maintain military bases.[3]

References

  1. ↑ Okinawa: a tiger by the tail; M. D. Morris, 1968
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "B yen." Okinawa konpakuto jiten (沖縄コンパクト事典, "Okinawa Compact Encyclopedia"). Ryūkyū Shimpō. 2003-3-1. Accessed 2009-2-24.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Kadekawa, Manabu. Okinawa Champloo Encyclopedia (沖縄チャンプルー事典). Tokyo: Yama-Kei Publishers, 2001. p176.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "The Currency Switch from B yen to dollars" (B円からドルへの通貨交換, B en kara doru he no tsūkakōkan). Okinawa Prefectural Archives (沖縄県公文書館) Official Blog. 2008-09-17. Accessed 2009-2-24.
  5. ↑ Antweiler, Werner. "Pacific Exchange Rate Service - Foreign Currency Units per 1 U.S. Dollar, 1948-2007." University of British Columbia. 2007. Accessed 2009-2-24.