Automonopoli

Automonopoli/Go to Jail

Developer(s) J. H. Woodhead
Publisher(s) Automata UK (1983)
Platform(s) ZX Spectrum
Release date(s) 1983
Mode(s) Single player, Multiplayer
Distribution Cassette

Automonopoli, also known as Go to Jail, is an unauthorised computer version of the boardgame Monopoly, released in June 1983 by Automata UK for the ZX Spectrum. Although other two-player Monopoly computer programs already existed, the developer advertised that their Automonopoli was the first with an artificial intelligence strong enough to compete against and defeat human players.

Initially released under the name Automonopoli, Waddingtons threatened legal action against Automata, and within weeks of its release the game was rebranded as Go to Jail. Waddingtons, concerned about the potential impact on a forthcoming official Monopoly video game, began formal court proceedings against Automata in late 1983, and the game was withdrawn from sale in early 1984.

Initial release

Automonopoli was released by Automata UK in June 1983, selling for £6 (£18.00 as of 2015)[1][2] Written primarily in BASIC,[3] it modelled the board game Monopoly in every detail of gameplay.[3][4] Although other versions of Monopoly for home computers were already in circulation for play between human players, at the time of its release Automonopoli was marketed as the first version of the game with an artificial intelligence advanced enough for the computer to play against human players.[5]

Rather than display the entire board, only two full spaces (and a section of a third) are displayed at one time during gameplay.[6] The board scrolls from right to left as the player advances following each dice roll, while pressing the "X" key takes the player to a separate screen showing a full list of sites and their current ownership, allowing players to buy and sell properties between themselves, to build houses and hotels, and to mortgage and unmortgage properties. On landing on a property the player is offered the chance to buy it; if the player declines, or they have insufficient funds, the property is put up for auction. The game copies the UK version of the Monopoly board game in every significant detail, including the exact wording of the property names and "chance" cards.[3]

Sold almost exclusively by mail order, the game received limited but positive reviews on its release from the few magazines which then covered ZX Spectrum gaming. A short review in ZX Computing at the time of its initial release, praised the "excellent" graphics and the strength of the computer's gameplay,[6] a theme repeated in a brief review in Crash.[4][6][lower-alpha 1] The only full-length review, in ZX Computing nine months after the game's original release,[lower-alpha 2] also praised the AI's gameplay and said that "the only major complaint I can make against the program is its limited use of sound".[3]

Legal action and change of name

Shortly after its release, Waddingtons, UK publishers of the Monopoly boardgame, raised objections to the Automonopoli title, saying that there was a risk purchasers would confuse the two products.[7] Automata changed the name of the product to Go to Jail in their packaging and advertising,[7] claiming in their advertising that despite being identical in every way, Go to Jail was unrelated to Automonopoli.[8]

Waddingtons was in talks with Parker Brothers (the US publisher of Monopoly) over jointly developing an official Monopoly computer game, and continued to object to perceived infringement by Automata;[7] Waddingtons spokesman Neville Fishwick said "They are riding on the back of a game we have had for 50 years. They know damn well it's not their game, it's ours".[9] In December 1983 Waddingtons began court proceedings against Automata; Automata in turn launched a fundraising campaign with the support of the Computer Trade Association, whose secretary Nigel Blackhurst said "The Waddingtons action represents a major threat to the whole computing industry. If they win about 80 per cent of the games software in the market would become challengable".[7]

In January 1984, the courts ordered Automata to withdraw the program from sale.[9] In May 1984 Waddingtons announced that the official ZX Spectrum version of Monopoly would be released shortly by Leisure Genius, although Waddingtons would retain the responsibility for taking legal action against the publishers of other computer games based on the board game.[10] The official Monopoly video game was eventually released in July 1985,[11] and was described by Home Computing Weekly as "vastly superior to the other non-authorised versions".[11]

Notes

  1. ↑ Prior to February 1984, Crash had been a mail order catalogue. Go to Jail received a brief review in its first issue as a computing magazine, in a section in which existing software was reviewed and compared.
  2. ↑ This review reviewed the game under the name of Go to Jail.

References

  1. ↑ UK CPI inflation numbers based on data available from Gregory Clark (2014), "What Were the British Earnings and Prices Then? (New Series)" MeasuringWorth.
  2. ↑ "(untitled)". Home Computing Weekly (Argus) (15): 12. 14–22 June 1983. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Hickling, Philip (Apr–Mar 1984). "Go To Jail". ZX Computing (Argus): 50. Retrieved 14 May 2014. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Go To Jail". Crash (Newsfield) 1 (1): 59. Feb 1984. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  5. ↑ "Monopoly!". Popular Computing Weekly (Sunshine Publications) 2 (23): 46. 9–15 June 1983. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Automonopoli". ZX Computing (Argus) 1 (9): 20. Oct–Nov 1983. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 "Monopoly game makers in new battle". Popular Computing Weekly (Sunshine Publications) 2 (51): 5. 22 Dec 1983–4 Jan 1984. Retrieved 14 May 2014. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ↑ Croucher, Mel (21–27 Jul 1983). "'Go To Jail' legal sensation". Popular Computing Weekly (Sunshine Publications) 2 (29): 48. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "'Monopoly': judge orders sales halt". Home Computing Weekly (Argus) (44): 1–5. 10–16 Jan 1984. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  10. ↑ "Monopoly money for Leisure". Popular Computing Weekly (Sunshine Publications) 3 (18): 5. 3–9 May 1984. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Monopoly". Home Computing Weekly (Argus) (122): 19. Jul 23–29, 1985. Retrieved 14 May 2014.

External links