Aurangabad district, Bihar

This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Aurangabad, Bihar.
For other uses, see Aurangabad
Aurangabad district
औरंगाबाद जिला,ضلع اورنگ آباد
District of Bihar

Location of Aurangabad district in Bihar
Country India
State Bihar
Administrative division Magadh
Headquarters Aurangabad, Bihar
Government
 • Lok Sabha constituencies Aurangabad
Area
 • Total 3,305 km2 (1,276 sq mi)
Population (2011)
 • Total 2,511,243
 • Density 760/km2 (2,000/sq mi)
Demographics
 • Literacy 72.77 per cent
 • Sex ratio 916
Major highways NH 2
Website Official website

Aurangabad district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India. It is currently a part of the Red Corridor.[1]

History

Aurangabad is named after the Mughal empreror Aurangzeb.

Ancient history

This district is on the extreme mid-west part of ancient Magadh. All the literature available regarding “Treta Yug and Dwapar Yug” relate to Lord Sri Ram and Lord Sri Krishna respectively. Hindus all over the world come here to pay Pind (pious offering) to their ancestors. During the course of “Pind-Dan” first Pind is given on the bank of river Pun-Pun. River Punpun has been called in the Puran as Ardhgang ( Half of river Ganga ).

The sages like Bhrigu practiced penance here. The idol of sage Bhrigu's deity Bhawani is situated at the junction of river Pun-pun and Madar. The existing statue is regionally called Nakti Bhawani(goddess with broken nose) because of the statue broken at the nose. The celebrated book of Indian Astrology Bhrigu Sanhita is said to be written there.

This district remained taposthali (Penaut-place) of sage Chyawan. Sage Chyawan invented Aryuvedic Medicine Chyawanprash. The Shiv Ling (now called Baba Dudheshwar Nath) believed to be worshiped by Chyawan and made of Black Sapphire is still in existence. There is an ashram what is believed to be that of Chyawan present in Aurangabad in which unlit Akhand Dhuni (A place where the Saint used to continuously burn a log) is noteworthy. The Samadhi of Bal Yogi is also in front of Akhand Dhuni. Local disputes are solved by gathering near Bal Yogi Samadhi with a belief that the soul of Bal Yogi is still present would dispense justice.

There is a Sun temple of konark style in Deo (Aurangabad). It is said that this temple was founded by Raja Ayel, who was a Tretayugi king. He was also an ascendant of Lord Sri Rama. The old statue of the Sun in the temple was broken by Mughal rulers during their regime. The statue of trikal Surya has been established. The People of this region pay obligations to him especially on Sunday; Suryashasthi of month Chaitra, during the Adra Nakchhatra and on Suryashasthi of month of Kartik of Hindu Calendar. There is also a Suryakund in the south of temple where people pay Argha to the setting and rising Sun. People of this district and nearby districts treat Sun god as PRATYACHHA DEVTA (Visible God), from whom we all get power. There is folklore in this region that the descendant of Maharana Pratap, Raja Fateh Narayan Singh, who was a leper, came here in course of hunting to quench the thirst of his horse, he fell in that “kund” (Pond). It is said that his disease of leprosy disappeared.

There is also a folk tale that Lord Brahma Started to construct three temples in this region in a single night. Two of them, the temples of Deo and Umga were completed, but third one of Devkund could not be completed because crow started cawing in the morning. The three temples are exactly similar in architectural design.

In these days, this district has become the antique paradise of smugglers. They stole the valuable idols from this region and sold them abroad at high prices.

Modern history

The history of Aurangabad is a part of history of the ancient Magadha which included the undivided district of Patna and Gaya. Three-fourths of India’s early history is the history of Magadh and the area which forms the present district of Aurangabad was a proud sharer of this glory. Although it was a part of the Mahajanpad of Magadh, yet it had its distinct racial and cultural character. Forming part of the first vast territorial empire of Magadh, perhaps the distinction of being ruled by Bimbisara and Ajatsatru and later on by Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka. The river Sone has been accepted by the authorities as having been western boundary of the Magadh empire.

Bihar Vibhuti Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha, 1st Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar

After the downfall of the Mauryas, this area remained under sovereignty of Sungas and Kushans. Harshavardhan also ruled over this land. During his regime, Celebrated books of Sanskrit literature KADAMBARI AND HARSHCHARITRA were written by Banbhatta, whose birthplace Pritakuta Parwat, village piroo at present falls in the territory of the district. So many manuscripts written on Bhojpatra and Talpatra of that regime are being preserved in village piroo in the Banbhatta Pustakalya of the same village. When pal dynasty of Bengal rose to power, its sway was over this area but it lasted for a short period.

The prominent feature of this region is that, although it was ruled by Ashoka, the grate Magadh Emperor, it culturally continued to enjoy its own identity. Even during the climax of his regime, this region resisted the spread of Buddhism. Later on the people of Rajputana came here to offer "Pind Dan” to their ancestors at Gaya. They saw the natural beauty of this region which attracted them. They settled here, seeking their place of convenience. The rulers of Deo, Mali, Pawai, Chandragarh and Siris were the descendants of those Rajput warriors. Due to their militant Character, they resisted the domination of the Sultanate Mughals and Britishers.

Before this region came under the control of Moghul Sultanate, it remained under the control of Sen Dynasty and Garhwal (Suryavanshi) rajputs. This place is also known for the bravery of Suryavanshi Gadhwal/gahadwala rajputs who fought many battles against mughals and defeated them several times, Later Gadhwal/gahadwala rajputs supported Veer Kunwar Singh (king of Jagdishpur) in his many battles with their brave Suryavanshi soldiers.

During the regime of Sher Shah, the area became strategically important. It formed a part of the Rohtas Sirkar. The Afghan ruler built the famous Grand Trunk Road (Now N.H.No.-02). After death of Sher Shah; it came under imperial domain of Akbar. The Afghan upsurge in the area was suppressed by Todarmal and the area between Sherghati and Rohtas was brought under the Mughal Empire. But the glimpses of Afghan architecture are still visible in the old buildings of this region. During the regime of Aurangzeb, his Subedar Daud Khan Kuraishi founded the town Daudnagar.

After downfall of Mughal Empire, the area came under control of zamindars of Deo, Kutumba, Mali, Pawai, Chandrgarh and Siris. The rebellious character of the zamindars of Siris, Kutumba and Pawai, is the proud-preserve in the history of this area. The first rebellion against the British authority belongs to Raja Narayan Singh of Reyasat Pawai, who was said to be the descendant of Prithviraj_Chauhan. The veteran freedom fighter Veer Kunwar Singh was married in the family of Deo State. A joint army of all the Rajputs led by the men of Raja Narayan Singh started there towards Jagdishpur to help Veer Kunwar Singh during the year 1857. He had also support of Raja Chet Singh of Varanashi, Pitambar Singh of Tekari and Kuli Khan of Sasaram. A ferocious battle took place at both the bank of river Sone, where thousands of Britishers and soldiers of Raja Narayan Singh were killed. The Sepoy Mutiny of Danapur and Benaras created Commotion in the whole area. It remained for the whole year of 1857. In the next year, the British Government took measures to tighten their grip over administration. District of Gaya was separated from Patna District, and Aurangabad was made Subdivision in the year 1865. Mr. Stement was first S.D.O. of Aurangabad Subdivision. It remained part of Gaya District till 1973.

During the freedom struggle, it can be imagined that how much torture was given to the participants. Commissioner Stanton passed an order of attachment of properties on recommendation of Mr. H. Davis. Deputy Magistrate, Sherghati, of the following landlords:-

(a) Bhanu Pratap Singh of Mali
(b) Bal Govind Singh of Village Barhara
(c) Jagu Singh of Village Urdanadih
(d) Jagdamb Sohori of Manaura
(e) Gulaman Khan of Village Koraypur
(f) Lal Bahadur Singh
(g) Din Dayal Singh Both residents of village -Mutani
(h) Darshan Singh of Village Mali
(i) Ayodhya Singh of Village Mihauli
(j) Sheikh Chakauri of Village Ghota
(k) Mahabul Singh of Mirjapur
(l) Jagarnath Singh of Simra
(m) Pitambar Singh of Village Manjhauli
(n) Bhismdeo Singh of Village Karsara

During the freedom movement of the 20th century, the people of this region also took active part and remained in close contact of freedom fighters of the whole country. Mahatma Gandhi also came here. Hundreds of persons joined the freedom movement, leaving their own profession at his call. Kumar Badari Narayan Singh led the Namak Satyagrah of 1930. The Contribution of Bihar Bibhuti Anugrah Narayan Singh is well known to all. The veteran revolutionaries of that age got shelter here. Lok Nayak Jai Prakash Narayan got shelter here after fleeing away from Hajaribagh Jail. It can be imagined how much consciousness was raised during his stay at the place Netaji Subhash Chandra Boss also stayed here in Chauram Ashram of Kumar Badri Narayan Singh for few days. Amar Saheed Jagatpati Kumar Who laid his life on the altar of mother land during the freedom movement of the year 1942. He along with six other were killed by the Britishers on 9 August 1942, while hoisting tricolor flag on the old secretariat building at state capital Patna. Martyrs memorial has been built in front of Bihar Legislative Assembly in their memory. Sarvashree Ram Swaroop Singh of village Kiyakhap, Sukhdeo Singh of village Karshara, Daroga Singh of Bhadwa, Ram Naresh Singh of Village Budhai, Ram Narayan Singh of village Karma, and Mithilesh Kumar Singh of Village Jamhore were among veteran revolutionaries who used to manufacture weapons and explosives. They also used weapon and explosive against the Britishers. The Slogan “Angrejo Bharat Chhorho” launched by Mahatma Gandhi and Indian National Congress gave a great impact on the People of Aurangabad. Bihar Bibhuti Anugrah Narayan Singh, Kamta Singh Kam, Abdul Gafoor and Ramchandra Sao both of village Tandwa, Sainik Ram Narayan of village Chatra, Balram Singh and Ramdeo Singh both of village Beni Ganjhar, Rachha Prasad Lal of village Manjhauli, Balkeshwar Ram of village Chandragarh and Priyabarat Narayan Singh of Village Sonaura were eminent participants of that movement. Sarvshree Lallu Prasad Kurmi, Hussaini Sao, Rambrichha Lal, Pandit Badri Nath Shashtri, Mathura Nath Tiwari and Ram Chandra Tiwari were also among the veteran participants of "August Kranti". All of them belonged to village Deo.

The district of Aurangabad was separated on 26 January 1973 as per the govt. notification no 07/11-2071-72 dated 19 January 1973 from parent District Gaya. Sri K.A.H. Subramanyam was the first District Magistrate and Sri Surjit Kumar Saha was the then Subdivisional officer.

Till 1991 there was only on Subdivision in Aurangabad district. That was Aurangabad Sadar. On 31 March 1991, one other Subdivision namely Daudnagar was created. Sri Madan Mohan Srivastava was the first Subdivisional Officer of Daudnagar.


Judiciary history

At the district headquarters of Aurangabad, Kazi Mohalla and Diwan Mohalla are situated, where graves of Kazi Aliman Diwan and Kazi Sharulla find place. Both of them were authorized Kazi of Auranjeb’s regime. In those days, responsibilities of settling disputes were given to Kazi as per Muslim customs.

As per an article written by a Judicial officer in year 1973 the court of Munsif has been here since 1846. There was also a bench of Honorary Magistrates at Daudnagar. So the history of Judiciary Aurangabad is much old. When Aurangabad was made subdivision in year 1865, the munsif was vested with some more power.

The Court of sub-judge was inaugurated on 22.06.1973 by the then Hon’ble Chief Justice Mr. Nandlal Untwalia. Sri Narayan Prasad Singh was the first Sub-Judge. Sri Singh was also First Chief Judicial Magistrate of Aurangabad.

The Court of District and Sessions Judge was inaugurated on 10.09.1977 by the then Hon’ble Chief Justice Sri Krishna Ballabha Narayan Singh of Patna High Court. Hon’ble Justice Sri Shambhu Prasad Singh had presided over the function in presence of Sri Bhagwad Prasad Jaiswal, the then District and Sessions Judge, Gaya Sri Jai Pati Sinha was the first District and Sessions Judge of this Judgeship

Aurangabad also played a major role in the Indian independence struggle. Aurangabad's contribution in the freedom struggle has been immense with outstanding national leader like great Gandhian and the[2] first Deputy Chief Minister cum Finance Minister of Bihar, Bihar Vibhuti[3] Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha who was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and worked with Rajendra Prasad (the first President of India) and led the Gandhian Satyagraha movement in Bihar. It is also the birthplace of Satyendra Narayan Singh affectionately called Chhote Saheb, who was also a participant in the Indian independence movement, and a former Chief Minister of Bihar.

Aurangabad became a fully-fledged district when it was split from Gaya in 1972.[4]

Prominent personalities

During the prehistoric days, So many Saints had spent their days here. Natural beauty of this district had always attracted them. Names of Bhrigu and Chyawan are above mentioned.

From among the, Muslim Saints the significant names include (I) Shah Sadruddin Sufi, who came here during 1200 AD from Syria (ii) Syed Mohammad Alkadari Bagdadi, who came here in year 1446 along with his 40 followers and (iii) Shah Jalaluddin Kabir Panipati and (iv) Mohammad Syeed Syalkoti also left there footprints in this area. All of them had some miraculous powers. They served the general mass in their own ways. Syed Mohammad Alkadari Bagdadi was buried at Amjhar Sharif and Md. Sayeed Syalkoti was buried at village Sihuli. Both of them are the pillars of religious harmony among the Hindus and the Muslims. Muslims pay offerings to them on date of their Urs. Hindus pay offering during the Navaratra of Chaitra and Navaratras of Ashwin month of Hindu calendar. These Saints throw light on merits of religions, which became torchlight for expansion of literacy among the general mass.

Nikhil Kumar, Former Governor of Kerala

Name of Raja Narayan Singh stands amongst it the foremost freedom fighters of 1857. He was not only a warrior, but a great patron of culture also. He gave patronage to the classical musicians. These musicians are by caste Brahmin, but in these days, people call them Biritiya. Some of them are well known among the musician of our country, even to-day also.


Some Begali families remained here from the beginning of the 20th century. They also remained too much helpful to the freedom fighters to give inspiration and showed ways for struggle. Among those land lords of Kunda, Hansauli and Sunderganj were on the top. Name of Sri Purbi Chandra Mukherjee and Manik Chand Bhattarcharjee, cannot be forgotten. Both of them were Head masters of Gate High School. During their regime, Gate High School became a premier institution of our state. Mr. Manik Chand Bhattacharjee was a scholar who inspired to fight against the evils prevailing in the society. He also gave patronage to his disciples from the displeasures of British officers. British officers posted here in those days were afraid of facing them. He remained source of inspiration for so many students who remained on top of glory, and served here as well as abroad.

All most all lawyers of Aurangabad either an advocate or a Mukhatar participated in freedom struggle directly or indirectly paying their patronage and financial assistance. Among those names of Sarvashree Ramesh Prasad Singh, Saryu Prasad Singh and Priyabarat Narayan Singh, Advocates are on the top. They remained Member of Parliament and Legislative assembly. Among the Mokhtiars the names of Sarvashree Jivaratan Prasad Singh, Ram Janam Singh, Triveni Singh, Ravneshwar Prasad Singh, Janardan Prasad and Saryu Singh are on the top. The lawyers of both bar association remained in the front line of social work of any nature. Bihar Bibhuti late Dr. Anugrah Narayan Singh and his son Sri Satyendra Narayan Singh were also initially lawyers. Both of them practiced as a lawyer in Hon’ble High Court. Late Anugrah Babu served our State as 1st Deputy Chief Minister and Satyendra Narayan Singh as Education Minister and later on as Chief Minister of our State for a long time.

Names of late Kamta Singh ‘Quam’ and his son Shankar Dayal Singh cannot be forgotten. Both of them were not only a political personality, but they served the Hindi literature also. Sri ‘Quam’ founded a publishing house, namely “Parijat Prakashan” at State Capital which remained pilgrimage of Hindi writers for a long time. Sri Shankar Dayal Singh had organized Kavi Sammellan on each birth day of Sri ‘Kam’ yearly at India level, in which almost all poets of our country used to participate.

Dr Lalita Prasad Sinha(1921-1987) was a very famous doctor of this district. He was also a very popular amateur dramatist, whose enactment of Loha Singh was eagerly awaited by the local public. He was the person behind 'Natya parishad' who pioneered the drama culture of the district.

Late Shri Ram Naresh Singh still remains a fatherly figure for Aurangabad. He was a politician true to his heart and his people. He emerged victorious in the 1977, 1978, 1985 and 1990.His son sushil singh is the present member of parliament from aurangabad. Manish pathak (mukhiya)ketaki panchayat,mrityunjay mishra from ibrahimpur and Prasun Udit from karma road are the young faces of the district.

Geography

Aurangabad district occupies an area of 3,389 square kilometres (1,309 sq mi),[5] comparatively equivalent to Russia's Vaygach Island.[6] Aurangabad town is the administrative headquarters of this district. Aurangabad district is a part of Magadh division.

Rivers: Son, Punpun, Auranga, Bataane, Morhar, Aadri

Economy

In 2006 the Indian government named Aurangabad one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).[7] It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[7]

Sub Divisions

Aurangabad District comprises following Subdivisions:

Blocks: Madanpur, Kutumbba, Daudnagar, Aurangabad, Barun, Obra, Deo, Nabinagar, Haspura, Goh and Rafiganj

Demographics

According to the 2011 census Aurangabad district, Bihar has a population of 2,511,243,[8] roughly equal to the nation of Kuwait[9] or the US state of Nevada.[10] This gives it a ranking of 172nd in India (out of a total of 640).[8] The district has a population density of 760 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,000/sq mi).[8] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 24.75%.[8] Aurangabad has a sex ratio of 916 females for every 1000 males,[8] and a literacy rate of 72.77%.[8] This gives it a ranking of 172nd in India (out of a total of 640).[8] The district has a population density of 760 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,000/sq mi). [8] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 24.75%.[8] Aurangabad has a sex ratio of 916 females for every 1000 males,[8] and a literacy rate of 72.77%.[8]

Geography

“Jaaun Jaaun Bhaiya re Batohi Hind Dekhi Aaun Jahan Sonebhadra Mithe Swar Gawe re Batohiya.” This Lyric was written by a Bhojpuri poet during the middle of the 19th century. This District is situated on the eastern bank of the same river. Ardh Gang river Poon–Poon flows diagonally from south western corner to north eastern corner of this District water of small Rivers of this District falls in Poon-Poon through three big rivers, namely, Batane, Adari, Jhari and Madar. The hills of Bindhya ranges namely Chalho, Dwarpal, Umga, Murli and Sita-thapa are in the Middle East portion of Aurangabad. These hills are almost on the point of demarcation. From eastern flanks of those hills, the border of parent District Gaya starts. River sonebhadra as a line of demarcation eastern half portion falls under the territory of Aurangabad and western half of that sonebhadra lies under rohtas District. On the northern side Arwal District. (North Gaya), having district headquarters at Jehanabad is situated. In the southern portion, hills of Bindhya ranges and forest are stretched and Palamu District, Jharkhand, starts.

River and hills are full of valuable raw materials for purpose of building work. Precious stones like Gomed, Garnet, Sfatik, Mariyam Hauledil are found in those hills in raw form. Three-fourths of this district is irrigated by Sone From North Koyal and few canals of small rivers, this district emerged as a rich granary during the last four decades. It will be proper to mention here that, “Magahi” Betel leaves are grown on large scales which keep its own craze among betel eaters of our own country and abroad.

Grand chord Line passes through the middle of this district. On its eastern side, the major railway junction is Gaya and in the western side, Sone Nagar from where a railway line to wards Garhwa Road of Jharkhand State starts. The nearest Railway Station is Anugrah Narayan Road situated on Grand Chord line about 13 kilometers from the District headquarters. Two major roads pass through this district. First is NH-2 (Old Grand Trank Road) and second one is NH-98. Both roads touch the district headquarters. There is no provision of any aerodrome or air strip in this district. The nearest airstrip is Suara on NH-2 about 25 km to the west of district headquarters in Rohtas District.

Geographical perspectives To the East of this district lies Gaya, to the west, Rohtas, to the south, Palamu of the Jharkhand province and to the North, Arwal. There are two subdivisions of this district, Aurangabad and Daudnagar. The whole district is divided into eleven blocks, two municipalities, three sub-scheduled areas, 203 Panchayats, 1884 Villagese and Ghatrain is the most famous village in madanpur block,19 police stations and 06 Police-Out-Posts, The headquarters of this district, Aurangabad is Aurangabad The area of the Aurangabad District is 3305 square kilometers and the total population of this district is 20,35,757 as per 2001 census. Literacy rate is 57.5 percent. The percentage of male members is 71.95 and that of female members is 42.04.

This district lies between 24.750 N and 84.370 E. The climate of this region is Tropical. During the summer days temperature rises up to 40 °C to 50 °C, whereas during the winter temperature falls almost near 5 °C rainfall in this region is average near 50 centimetre 75 centimetre. The soil of this district is highly suitable for the agriculture of paddy, wheat and sugar-cane The irrigation-planning has made the land of this district most fertile and suitable for agriculture.

A few areas of Nabinagar, Kutumba, Deo and Madanpur blocks are surrounded with hills. Consequently, there is no adequate availability of the opportunities of employment in this area. Such a situation compels the youths of these blocks to go to the other parts of India to seek employment. Besides, in reaction against unemployment and poverty, these blocks are affected with extremism.

Culture

Literature and culture are the finest embodiments of the spiritual stage of the human society No society can flourish without literary and cultural trends. Agriculture prospers the land where as culture prospers the wisdom. Culture sprays its beauty and fragrance by fostering and developing itself into liberty. Aurangabad has its special status in the field of literature and culture not only on provincial level but also on the national level. The land of Aurangabad has produced eminent personalities from down to ages. The composer of the book, Kadambari of India-fame living at the sacred place, Peeru, Raja Jagannath Prasad Singh, kinkar, Pandit Gangadhar Shastri (respected in the kingdom of the gwalior Raj Gharana), Shri Rudrashta Pathak, Pandit Damodar Mishra, Shri Kamleswar jee, Shri Kamta Prasad Singh, Qam, Shri Ram Ghulam Ram and Shri Shankar Dayal Singh, the Son of Shri Kamta Prasad Singh Qam and an ex-member of the Rajya Sabha are among them with their various deeds aimed at the welfare of humanity on a wide scale. The land of Aurangabad has got the fate of achieving the specialized and wealthy Jhunjhunanwa hill and a peculiar natural wealth. The ancient books in Bengali, Urdu, Persian, Sanskrit, Hindi and English are available at the hands of the members of the family of Raja Narayan Singh in Bihar. The eminent singer and artist of Repute, Isaraj is the gift of this district.

Fifty two bighas of the pond of the king, Bhairwendra of Umaga of the 6th century, the well, standing on the Rani Ghat hill, the Bawan temple on the mountain are the symbolic of our prowess and self-respect. The ruins of Maa Satyachandi, Satavahini, Sita, Thapa, Hariyahi Dame on the river, Batane, the forts of Deo, Kara Nawab, various buildings and ancient temples are available even today in this district.

The small village Deokund is also associated with an interesting mythological relevance. According to Hindu mythology, once Lord Vishwakarma was asked to make three temples in one night. He did so. These three temples were identical in design and incorporated a small pond.

Education institution

Without education, there remains to be no difference between man and animal, though animals and other creatures have anticipation of future events. From time immemorial, the art and education of Aurangabad has achieved the glory of being the centre of culture.

Pratikutdheyanam Nagaram “ is that very Peeru village of the Aurangabad district where the composer of the world –famous book, “Qadambari “ Banbhatt ever lived. Whether it may be the medieval Gurukul System or the educational institutions of Mughal and British Rule, their presence has been constantly in vogue in this district. Even to- day, we can see the Sanskrit School and Madarsa established in 1914–15 in function, which present a unique example of communal harmony, adorning themselves at the same place.

The Gait High School, now known as Anugrah Inter School, Aurangabad established in 1917 was the only High School of the whole Aurangabad Subdivision of that time. In the decade of 1930 High Schools were established in the headquarters of 03-04 police - satations. Sachidanand Sinha Middle School eatablished in 1944 has achieved the glory of being the first college of the Magadh University. Prior to the very achievement of independence, various Primary and Middle Schools had been bearing the obligations of imparting education in this district. Various Primary, Middle and Basic Schools were established in this district under E.I.P. started in 1955.

All Primary and Middle Schools conducted by various administrative units from 1917 to 1975 were taken over and nationalized. Operation Black Board was started aiming at qualitative reform of education in 1986–88. Under this scheme, educational materials, Audio-visual materials were supplied. Under the eighth financial planning one by one teachers’ residence and latrines ware built for several schools.” School Chalo Abhiyan “was conducted with a view to hundred percent admission under the universalization scheme of education in 1992, in which hopeful success was achieved with a view to connect the guardians with the educational institutions and bring about qualitative changes in the work–system of schools in 2000.

At present district public Education officer is in function for the educational task in the district who was the in charge of the informal education system prior to this as stated above. School education system is also in its formation in addition to the headmaster of the school on primary school level, which is considered to be a fine achievement in the field of universalisation. Educational institutions:-Various educational institutions have been shown by the following table - Literacy rate:- In order to achieve the objectives of total literacy, original works have been done in this district. For adult literacy in the district, adult literacy programme was started in the year 1981–82, which ran till 1991–92. For the achievement of this very goal, the India government gave acceptance to the total literacy programme in the district in 1993. This programme has fully contributed to add to the rate of literacy. As per 2001 census, the number of literate persons in the Aurangabad district is 11,52,852 (57.50 percent), among which there are 7,45,641 (71.00 percent) Males and 4,07,453 (42.09 percent) females.

After the census of 1981, persons of seven years or more than that began to be placed in the category of literacy and illiteracy. On the basis of 2001 census, the position of the district is fifth in relation to literacy in comparison to the total population of Bihar. On the Basis of calculation, there has been felt the proportion of a literate female for every two literate males. In proportion to the year 1991 there has been 10 percent increase in the literacy rate of the state, which is still fewer in proportion to the All India average rate 65.38 percent. In proportion to the average literacy rate 47.53 percent of the state, the literacy rate of district is more.

Block wise literacy rate In proportion to the total literacy rate 57.50 percent of the district, the literacy rate of the Aurangabad block is 68.23 percent. The rural areas have quite low literacy rate.


Schools located in Aurangabad:-

Colleges located in Aurangabad (with affiliation):-

  1. Sachhidanand Sinha College (Magadh University)
  2. R.L.S.Y. College (Magadh University)
  3. Kishori Sinha mahilla college (Magadh University)
  4. Anugrah Narayan Memorial College(Magadh University)
  5. Mahila College (Women's College), Daudnagar, (Magadh University)
  6. Aurangabad institute of science and technology, Near dani bigha bus stand, Aurangabad, Bihar(Karnataka state open university)

Engineering colleges in Aurangabad :-

  1. Sityog College of Engineering

Tourist places

Places to see in Aurangabad

Aurangabad district in Bihar is home to many tourist attractions. Magnificent temples, historical places and Islamic pilgrimage centers are located in the district. Excellent connectivity via road and efficient means of local transport has boosted up tourism in Aurangabad. As a result, the number of tourists visiting the place has increased considerably. Touring around the district will be a pleasant experience from October to March, which is considered the best time to visit Aurangabad.

Deo

Located 10 km to the southeast of Aurangabad, Deo is home to the well-known Sun temple. The fifteen-century-old temple is believed to be built by Bhairvendra Sing, a Chandravanshi king of Umga. It is a 100-foot-tall structure, with an umbrella-like top. The important custom of worshipping the Sun God and taking bath in its Brahma Kund dates back to the era of King Ayel. Every year, during Chhath festival, lakhs of pilgrims gather in the premises of the temple to worship the Sun God.

Deo Kund

Deo Kund is an important historic place that forms one of the major tourist attractions in Aurangabad. Situated 10 km to the southeast of the border of Aurangabad and Jehanabad, Deo Kund houses an ancient temple dedicated to Lord Shiva. Thousands of worshippers visit this temple during Shivratri. As per a legend connected to Deo Kund, Chyawan Rishi took shelter in this temple.

Umga

Umga is one of the famous tourist attractions in Aurangabad. Located 24-km to the east of the city, the pilgrim center houses a Vaishnava temple. In terms of its architecture, the temple bears resemblance to the Sun temple built at Deo. Square granite blocks are used to built the magnificent Vaishnava temple, which houses the deities of Lord Ganesha, Sun God and Lord Shiva. Archaeologists and historians will definitely find this temple a special place to visit.

Amjhar Sharif

Amjhar Sharif bears religious significance for being an important Islamic pilgrimage centre of Aurangabad. Located about 10 km from Panchrukhia, on the Daudnagar–Gaya Road, Amjhar Sharif is abode of an ancient mazaar (grave) of a Muslim saint – Hazrat Saiyadana Mohammad Jilani Amjhari Quadri. Thousands of Muslims visit this pilgrimage center on the anniversary of the great saint, which is held in the first week of June. The holy hair of the saint is put on display on the occasion.

Pawai, Mali and Chandangadh

Migrants from Rajasthan played a crucial role during the medieval and modern periods of history of Aurangabad. Pawar, Mali and Chandangadh are locations where one can find the remains of old forts, whose princes are said to have come from Rajasthan. A visit to these places will prove to be highly adventurous for enthusiastic archaeologists. There is also a rock which is also known as jhunjhunwa pahaad.

Piru

Another tourist place in Aurangabad that bears some historical significance is Piru. Known as Pritikoota in the ancient times, it was the birthplace of Banbhatta, a legendary poet and the State Chronicler of King Harshwardhana.

Siris

Siris, yet another interesting tourist place in Aurangabad, was a pargana during the rule of Sher Shah and the Mughal Empire. Over the passing years, the place became the playground of King Narayan Sing and some unsung heroes of The Revolt of 1857. Siris also houses a mosque, which was built during the rule of Aurangzeb.

′′′Rafiganj′′′ In Rafiganj,a mountain named Pachar where a fair is done on every raksha bandhan festival every year, where jains god temple is situated and a 30 feet painting of god Mahaveer is made here.

References

  1. ↑ "83 districts under the Security Related Expenditure Scheme". IntelliBriefs. 11 December 2009. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  2. ↑ Indian Post. "First Bihar Deputy CM cum Finance Minister;Dr. A N Sinha". official Website. Retrieved 20 May 2008.
  3. ↑ Kamat. "Great freedom Fighters". Kamat's archive. Archived from the original on 20 February 2006. Retrieved 25 February 2006.
  4. ↑ Law, Gwillim (25 September 2011). "Districts of India". Statoids. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
  5. ↑ Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) (2010). "States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government". India 2010: A Reference Annual (54th ed.). New Delhi, India: Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India. pp. 1118–1119. ISBN 978-81-230-1617-7.
  6. ↑ "Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area". United Nations Environment Program. 18 February 1997. Retrieved 11 October 2011. Vaygach Island 3,329km2
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Ministry of Panchayati Raj (8 September 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme" (PDF). National Institute of Rural Development. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.10 "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  9. ↑ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Retrieved 1 October 2011. Kuwait 2,595,62
  10. ↑ "2010 Resident Population Data". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 September 2011. Nevada 2,700,551

External links

Rohtas district Arwal district
  Aurangabad district  
Palamu district, Jharkhand Gaya district