Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics

The renovated Panathinaiko Stadium.
Athletics at the
1896 Summer Olympics
Track events
100 m   men
400 m men
800 m men
1500 m men
110 m hurdles men
Road events
Marathon men
Field events
Long jump men
Triple jump men
High jump men
Pole vault men
Shot put men
Discus throw men

At the 1896 Summer Olympics, the first modern Olympiad, twelve athletics events were contested. A total of 25 medals (12 silver for winners, 13 bronze for runner-up, none for third) were awarded. The medals were later denoted as 37 modern medals (12 gold, 13 silver, 12 bronze). All of the events except the marathon were held in the Panathinaiko Stadium, which was also the finish for the marathon. Events were held on 6 April, 7 April, 9 April, and 10 April 1896 (all dates are according to the Gregorian calendar). Altogether, 64 athletes, all men, from ten nations competed. This made athletics the most international of the nine sports at the 1896 Games.

The American team of 10, which featured only one national champion, was dominant, taking 9 of the 12 titles. No world records were set, because few international top competitors had participated. In addition, the curves of the track were very tight, making fast times in the running events virtually impossible.

The heats of the 100 metres were the first Olympic event to be conducted, and the winner of the first heat, Francis Lane, can thus be considered the first Olympic winner. The first Olympic champion was crowned in the triple jump, Harvard student James Connolly. Connolly also did well in the other jumping events, placing second in the high jump and third in the long jump.

Many other athletes were versatile as well. Thomas Burke won both the 100 metres and 400 metres, a feat not since repeated, while London-based Australian Edwin Flack won the 800 and 1500 metres races. Robert Garrett, a Princeton student, won two first and two second places. His first title was in the discus throw, an event originating from the Ancient Olympics, but never before held at an international event. Garrett had attempted to train for the event with a 10 kilogram replica of a discus, but had given up as it was too heavy. When he learned the actual competition discus weighed only 2 kilograms, he entered the event after all, and won it, to the dismay of the Greek public, who considered their throwers "unbeatable".

A second event held for the first time in international competition was the marathon foot race. It was conceived by Michel Bréal, a friend of Pierre de Coubertin, based on the legend of Pheidippides. This Athenian soldier first completed a two-day run to seek Spartan help against the invading Persians in the Battle of Marathon, and then ran from the town of Marathon to Athens days later to announce the victory, dying as a result of his heroic efforts. The race started in Marathon, and ran for 40 kilometres over dusty roads to Athens. The Greek public, disappointed as there had not yet been a Greek victor in athletics, was overjoyed when it was announced during the race that a Greek runner had taken the lead. When Spiridon Louis, a water carrier from Maroussi, arrived in the stadium he was accompanied by the Greek Crown Prince on his final lap. Louis would never again compete in a race, but his victory made him a national hero.

The exploits of Louis, Garrett, Connolly, and Flack would be chronicled in the 1984 NBC miniseries, The First Olympics: Athens, 1896.

Medal summary

The final of the 100 metres at the 1896 Olympics

These medals were retroactively assigned by the International Olympic Committee; at the time, winners were given a silver medal and runners-up bronze medals. Athletes coming third received no award.

Event Gold Silver Bronze
100 metres
  Thomas Burke
United States (USA)		12.0  Fritz Hofmann
Germany (GER)		12.2  Francis Lane
United States (USA)		12.6
 Alojz Sokol
Hungary (HUN)		12.6
400 metres
  Thomas Burke
United States (USA)		54.2  Herbert Jamison
United States (USA)		55.2  Charles Gmelin
Great Britain (GBR)		56.7
800 metres
  Edwin Flack
Australia (AUS)		2:11.0  Nándor Dáni
Hungary (HUN)		2:11.8  Dimitrios Golemis
Greece (GRE)		2:28.0
1500 metres
  Edwin Flack
Australia (AUS)		4:33.2  Arthur Blake
United States (USA)		4:33.6  Albin Lermusiaux
France (FRA)		4:36.0
110 metre hurdles
  Thomas Curtis
United States (USA)		17.6  Grantley Goulding
Great Britain (GBR)		17.6 none awarded
Marathon
  Spiridon Louis
Greece (GRE)		2:58:50  Kharilaos Vasilakos
Greece (GRE)		3:06:03  Gyula Kellner
Hungary (HUN)		3:06:35
High jump
  Ellery Clark
United States (USA)		1.81 m  James Connolly
United States (USA)		1.65 m none awarded
 Robert Garrett
United States (USA)		1.65 m
Pole vault
  William Hoyt
United States (USA)		3.30 m  Albert Tyler
United States (USA)		3.20 m  Evangelos Damaskos
Greece (GRE)		2.60 m
 Ioannis Theodoropoulos
Greece (GRE)		2.60 m
Long jump
  Ellery Clark
United States (USA)		6.35 m  Robert Garrett
United States (USA)		6.00 m  James Connolly
United States (USA)		5.84 m
Triple jump
  James Connolly
United States (USA)		13.71 m  Alexandre Tuffèri
France (FRA)		12.70 m  Ioannis Persakis
Greece (GRE)		12.52 m
Shot put
  Robert Garrett
United States (USA)		11.22 m  Miltiadis Gouskos
Greece (GRE)		11.03 m  Georgios Papasideris
Greece (GRE)		10.36 m
Discus throw
  Robert Garrett
United States (USA)		29.15 m  Panagiotis Paraskevopoulos
Greece (GRE)		28.95 m  Sotirios Versis
Greece (GRE)		27.78 m

Medal table

 Rank  Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1  United States (USA) 9 6 2 17
2  Australia (AUS) 2 0 0 2
3  Greece (GRE) 1 3 6 10
4  Hungary (HUN) 0 1 2 3
5  France (FRA) 0 1 1 2
 Great Britain (GBR) 0 1 1 2
7  Germany (GER) 0 1 0 1
* Total medals 12 13 12 37

Participating nations

A total of 64 athletes from 10 nations competed at the Athens Games:

See also

References