Ateliers de Construction Mecanique l'Aster

For the British automobile manufactured between 1922 and 1930 - see Aster (automobile)

For the Model Steam Engine manufacturer - see Aster (disambiguation)

Emblem

Aster motorised tricycle 1899

Aster automobile 1902

Aster 20HP Tonneau 1904

L'Aster, Aster, Ateliers de Construction Mecanique l'Aster, was a French manufacturer of automobiles and the leading supplier of engines to other manufacturers from the late 1890s^[1][2][3] until circa 1910/12. Although primarily known as an engine mass manufacturer the company also produced chassis for coach-works and a complete range of components.^[3]

Aster produced a range of engines including: stationary motors; electricity generators; automobile motors; marine engines and aero engines. There were air-cooled and water cooled Gasoline motors, Kerosene motors, and Gas Motors. Among the companies for which Aster produced engines and other parts were Achilles, Argyll, Ariès, Aster-Newey, Automobiles Barré, Bolide, Belhaven,^[4][5] Bij 't Vuur, Century,^[6] Clément, Darracq, Dennis, Durham-Churchill,^[7] Ernst, Excelsior, Gladiator, Hanzer, Hoflack, Hurtu, Korn et Latil, La Torpille, Lucerna, Newey Aster, Société Parisienne, Passy-Thellier, Pearson,^[8] Prunel, Rochet, Rouxel, Reyrol, Sage, Siddeley-Deasy, Simplicia, Singer,^[9] Swift, Vulcan,^[10] West-Aster,^[11] Whippet,^[12] Whitlock.^[13] and Le Zèbre. By 1906 Aster were able to claim over 11,000 users of their engines.

From the mid-1900s 'Aster-Wembley' manufactured engines under license in Wembley (London) UK. In 1913 this became the 'Aster Engineering Co' which produced aircraft engines during the First World War, and then in 1922 started production of Aster cars. By 1927 it had been absorbed into Arrol Johnston. In Italy the Aster Società Italiana Motori supplied and built both cars and engines under licence from 1906-1908.

In 1904 the Parisian newspaper Le Petit Journal stated that Aster monopolised the mass manufacture of engines in France, and had a 'universal reputation' and success shown by innumerable users.^[14] By 1912 they claimed to cater for over 130 makes.^[15]

History

A postcard of the 'Entrance to the Factory' at 102 rue de Paris, Saint Denis

Aster automobile 1902

Aster automobile 1902

Aster was a French manufacturer of automobiles and the leading supplier of engines to other manufacturers from 1900 to 1910. Although primarily known as an engine mass manufacturer the company also produced chassis for coachworks.

In 1878 the Aster company was established at 102 rue de Paris, Saint-Denis.^[16] Engine id plates stated 'Ateliers de Construction Mécanique l'Aster. 74, Rue de la Victoire, Paris (the registered office), Usines à St Denis (Seine) (The factory).

At the 1900 'Salon de l'Auto' in Paris Aster exhibited a motor quadricycle equipped with their own 3.5 HP, single cylinder engine.^[17] The expanding range included : stationary motors; electricity generator; automobile motors and marine launch motors. There were air-cooled and water cooled Gasoline motors, Kerosene motors, and Gas Motors.^[18]

A 12 h.p. Aster was exhibited at the 1903 Crystal Palace Motor Show and a range of Aster cars was sold in Britain between 1905 and 1907.

In Italy the Aster Società Italiana Motori supplied cars and engines from 1906-1908 under licence.

Aster had manufacturing capabilities in Wembley, North London, UK which both traded and stamped the engines as Aster-Wembley. Begbie Manufacturing of Wembley was founded in 1899 by Sydney D Begbie (A.M.I.M.E.) and in mid-1900s became British licensees of Aster, making mainly stationary engines. In 1913 they became Aster Engineering Co (1913) Ltd and during the First World War made aircraft engines. In 1922 they began producing Aster automobiles. From 1927 they were absorbed into Arrol Johnston & Aster Eng, Dumfries Scotland GB. The last Aster engines were made in 1930 by Meadows. ^[19][15]

Sydney D Begbie (A.M.I.M.E.) worked as the 'Resident Engineer' of Aster, St. Denis, in Paris during the 1900s. He was an early cyclist, world record holder, and pioneer in the motor engineering business. He was Managing Director of the Begbie Manufacturing Co., Ltd of Wembley, which became the British licensee of Aster. Begbie also worked as Consulting Engineer to Henry Whitlock, Ltd. and The West London Motor Co. Ltd, both of whom were users of Aster engines.^[20][21]

Automobiles

At the 1900 'Salon de l'Auto' in Paris Aster exhibited a motor quadricycle equipped with their own 3.5 HP, single cylinder engine. Engine sizes and multi-cylinder engines were progressively developed.^[17]

A 12 h.p. Aster was exhibited at the 1903 Crystal Palace Motor Show and a range of Aster cars was sold in Britain between 1905 and 1907.

In 1904 Aster produced a 16/20 h.p. four-cylinder, five seat automobile with rear-entrance and Tonneau, with a Type 43 JS engine.^[17]

In Italy, the Aster Società Italiana Motori supplied cars and engines from 1906-1908 under licence.

The 'Ateliers de Construction Mecanique l'Aster' from St. Denis (Seine) exhibited a four-cylinder chassis at the 1907 Paris Salon

Engines

Brochure for Aster engines showing Stationary motor; Electricity generators; Air cooled range; Water cooled range; and listing Gasoline motors, Kerosene motors and Gas Motors for Automobiles, Heavy Duty, Motor launches, Electric generators and stationary work. Distributed in the USA by 'A J Myers', New York.

Commercial advert for Aster engines published 1908/9 :
Single cylinder
Two cylinder twins
Two and Four cylinder with poppet valves - for automobiles
Two and Four cylinder with poppet valves - for heavy loads

Aster Ltd, Oxford Street, Advertisement showing engine list, September 1905

Aster - Hanover Square, Commercial advertisement claiming 11,000 users, March 1906

Aster advertisement for 1909 Paris Flight show,
50 hp aero engine

Aster display, Paris Flight show, 50 hp aero engine, 1910

Aster produced a range of engines including: stationary motors; electricity generators; automobile motors, heavy duty motors, marine launch motors and aero engines. There were air-cooled and water cooled options plus Gasoline motors, Kerosene motors, and Gas Motors.

This list is provisional and may contain overlapping data. You can help to rationalise it with fully sourced information

Note : The Type letters are an Aster code: I = 80mm cylinder bore, J = 84mm cylinder bore, K = 88mm cylinder bore, L = 95mm cylinder bore, N = 105mm cylinder bore, S = separate cylinders,

Components

Aster was a major supplier of automobile components to both vehicle manufacturers and end users. As shown in its advertising and exhibition stands, both the French parent and the English associate were suppliers of : engines, gear boxes, gears, chassis, steering gear, radiators, spark plugs, magnetos, coils, accumulators, Oleo plugs, C.M.F. and lubricators.^[23]

Partners

Aster advert, Olympia exhibition November 1906, 1907 models, engines, magnetos, chassis

On 11 July 1904 the Parisian newspaper Le Petit Journal stated that the mass manufacture of engines was monopolised in France by Aster, the only brand specialising in manufacturing engines, and which had a 'universal reputation' and success shown by innumerable users.^{[Note 1][14]}

In 1912 the French and English Aster factories claimed that they catered for over 130 vehicle makes.^[15]

Achilles

A range of Achilles cars were advertised, mostly with single-cylinder engines by Aster and De Dion. At least 5 different models were produced including the 8 h.p., 9 h.p. and 12 h.p.^[24]

Argyll

In 1904 the Argyll company of Scotland introduced a range of front-radiatored Aster-engined cars. One of these was a 10  h.p. of 1985 cc; others were fours of 3054 cc, 3686 cc, and 4849 cc.

In 1908, the Argyll 40 was the first model with an entirely French Aster engine. It won its class in the Scottish Reliability trials.^[25]

Ariès

The Ariès was a French automobile manufactured from 1903 to 1938. The first cars were equipped with two- and four-cylinder Aster engines. These shaft-drive cars had an unusual double rear axle.

Belhaven

Belhaven built steam and petrol-engined vehicles from 1908 at their 'Belhaven Engineering and Motors' works in Wishaw Scotland. The petrol-powered, chain driven lorries (trucks) initially used Tyler engines, then latterly Aster units.^[4][5]

Bij 't Vuur

The Bij 't Vuur was a Dutch automobile manufactured from 1902 until 1906. The first cars had Aster engines but later ones used De Dion-Bouton or Panhard units. In 1902 a 9 h.p. and a 12 h.p. -version were offered, which had a quite modern cardan axle with three gears forward and one backwards.

Century

1902 Century advert - tandem forecar with Aster engine

'Century Engineering and Motor Co' of Willesden Junction, London produced motorcycles from 1902 to 1905. In 1904 their Tandem forecar model was equipped with either a 5 h.p. Aster engine, (or 6.5 h.p. with 'Begbie Audin' water cooled radiator) driving a countershaft by chain. The rear axle was driven by one of two chains, to give high and low speeds. A tradesman's carrier model was also listed.^[6]

Darracq

In 1896 Alexandre Darracq founded the 'Societe Alexandre Darracq Suresnes' to build motorised cycles. The first models were Perfecta tricycles and quadricycles, made under licence from Léon Bollée and equipped with Aster engines.^[26]

Durham-Churchill (Hallamshire)

Advertisement from February 1905 for the Olympia Exhibition. Aster engines, chassis, gears, coils, accumulators.

Durham-Churchill of Grimesthorpe near Sheffield manufactured charabancs as 'Hallamshire Cars' from 1903 until 1917. In 1905, they displayed a 24-seater charabanc powered by a four-cylinder 24 h.p. Aster engine. It drove the rear axle via a Champion clutch and four-speed gearbox. It was launched at the Royal Agricultural Hall Show at a cost of £600. In 1906 they also used Aster engines in their range of cars: the two-cylinder 10–12 h.p. and four-cylinder 12–14 h.p.; 20 h.p.; and 24 h.p. models. By 1908, their 26-seater charabanc was powered by a 30 h.p. Aster engine.^[7]

Excelsior

From January 1904, the Belgian Manufacturer Excelsior (The Belgian Bentley) built a few cars equipped with a reinforced wooden frame and fitted with Aster engines, single, twin and four cylinders. The first models were powered by a two- or four-cylinder Aster engine; this was considered nothing special however.^[27]

Gladiator

The Gladiator Cycle Company, Clément-Gladiator (from 1896), was a French manufacturer of bicycles, motorcycles and cars based in Le Pré-Saint-Gervais, Seine. In 1899 they launched a motor car with a front-mounted Aster engine, steering wheel, two-speed transmission by foot pedals and final drive by chain. By 1902 Gladiator manufactured its own four-cylinder engines.^[28]

Korn et Latil

The Korn et Latil was a French automobile manufactured from 1901 until 1902. It was a voiturette with a 3½ h.p. Aster engine.

Lewis

Lewis-Aster outside the Lewis Cycle and Motor Works on McHenry Street, Adelaide. 1900s

Vivian Lewis began the 'Ormonde Bicycle Depot' on Freeman Street, Adelaide in 1893.^[29] In November 1900, the Lewis Cycle and Motor Works on McHenry Street, Adelaide produced the first Lewis car. By the mid-1900s they produced the 'Lewis-Aster' but the quantity is currently unknown.^[30]

Newey-Aster

Gordon Newey manufactured three models of motorcar with Aster engines: 10/12 HP, 20/22 HP and 24/30 HP, plus trucks which could carry a 500 kg payload.^[31][32]

Orient Aster

In 1898^[1] or 1899^[2] Charles Metz of the Metz Company of Waltham, Massachusetts built the first US produced motorcycle. It used an Aster engine which was a copy of De Dion-Bouton's small, light, high reviving four-stroke single with battery and coil ignition.^[1]

Parsons Biplane

The Parsons biplane was built in May 1913 by J.G. Parsons and Percy Maxwell Muller as an engineering test-bed for the Parsons Pendulum Paddle-Wheel Stabilizer. The first model was initially fitted with an Aster 40 h.p. four-cylinder, inline, water-cooled, engine driving an 8ft 2in diameter Normale propeller, but it was replaced by a Gnome engine by July 1913.^[33]

Pearson

The Pearson (motorcycle) was a British motorcycle manufactured by the Pearson brothers of Southsea, Hampshire, in 1904. It was equipped with a 4 h.p. Aster engine mounted in a 'loop and diamond' frame.^[8]

Phébus-Aster

Noe Boyer & Cie, from Suresnes, Paris, named their 1899-1903 Automobilette after Phoebus, the Greek god who drove the sun across the heavens each day. It was powered by a 3.5 hp Aster engine. Charles Jarrott, partnered by F.F. Wellington, achieved 38 mph at the Crystal Palace velodrome, establishing Aster-engined Phebus tricycles as fast and powerful. Wellington was the English importer of Phebus tricycles and voiturettes. The two-speed voiturette was powered by a rear-mounted single-cylinder 397cc Aster engine. ^[17]

Rouxel

The Rouxel was a French automobile manufactured from 1899 until 1900. The company produced two models, including a two-speed voiturette with 2½ h.p. Aster engine.

Siddeley-Deasy

Aster-Wembley Spark plug - 1910

Siddeley-Deasy used Rover chassis and Daimler and Aster engines.

Simplicia

The Simplicia was a French automobile manufactured only in 1910. It used a 10/12 h.p. Aster engine.

Singer

Singer made their first four wheel car in 1905.^[32] The first Singer-designed car was fitted with an Aster 4-cylinder 2.4 litre 12/14 in 1906. For 1907 a range of two-, three- and four-cylinder models using White and Poppe engines launched. The Aster engined models were dropped in 1909.^[9]

West Aster

Enoch John West started building cars in Coventry, England under the name of 'The Progress Cycle co' in 1900.^[34] but in 1903 it went bankrupt so he founded West and West-Aster which produced cars from 1904 with Aster engines, but by 1908 (or 1910^[34]) the company had failed.^[11]

The guide to the 1906 Olympia Motor Show described the West-Aster thus :

A car which attracted our attention by reason of its up-to-date construction and reasonable price was the "West" made by West, Ltd, of South Molton Street, Bond Street, London, W. It is fitted with the celebrated Aster engine, which carries the Aster Company's guarantee. It is otherwise made in Coventry, and good, sound construction is put into every part. ^[11]

Whippet Motor and Cycle Co

The Whippet Motor and Cycle Co produced Whippet motorcycles from 1903 to 1905. Two machines were exhibited at the late-1903 Crystal Palace show, of which the forecar was fitted with a 3.25 h.p. Aster engine. It also had two-speed gearing using two chain wheels of different diameters, fitted to the rear hub and a device to shift the drive chain from one to the other, just as on a bicycle.^[12]

Whitlock

Advert for Begbie Oleo sparking plugs from May 1904, fitted on all Aster engines

The Whitlock company, based in Holland Park London, moved into the car industry in 1903 when they rebadged a 'Century' car manufactured in Willesden, London as a 'Whitlock Century'. (See 'Century' above).

In 1905 'The Whitlock Automobile Company' was formed to market Whitlock-Aster cars. They produced a 10-12 h.p.; a 12 h.p.; a 12-14 h.p. twin cylinder with shaft drive; an 18 h.p. and a 24 h.p. model, which were listed as of French manufacture. The cars reportedly were well received but cannot have been a commercial success as the company closed down in 1906.^[13]

Vulcan

Vulcan was an English manufacturer of cars from 1902 until 1928. The company built a range of engines for the early models, but in 1912 their new small car, the 10/12, was equipped with a 1.8 L two-cylinder Aster engine, the first use of a bought in engine.^[10]

See also

• Arrol-Aster
• Arrol-Johnston
• Aster (automobile)

Notes

References

Other sources

• The Automobile Vol. III. Edited by Paul N. Hasluck and published by Cassell in 1906. Re - Durham-Churchill
• Buses and Trolleybuses before 1919 by David Kaye. Published 1972. Re - Durham-Churchill
• Ian Allan - British Buses Since 1900 - Aldridge and Morris. Re - Durham-Churchill
• Motoring Annual and Motorist’s Year Book 1904. Re - Sydney D. Begbie.

• Google Books. The Complete Encyclopedia of Motorcars, 1885 to the present by Georgano, G.N., Published by Dutton, 10 Oct 1973
• Google Books. The New Encyclopedia of Motorcars, 1885 to the present by Georgano, G.N. and Thorkil Ry Andersen, Published by Dutton, 21 Oct 1982

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to l'Aster engines.

• Image - The 1898 Orient-Aster motorcycle engine
• Image - Orient Aster motorcycle
• Image - 1904 Aster 16/20hp Four-cylinder, Five Seat, Rear-entrance, Tonneau, Registration no. AK 268 Chassis no. 9589 Engine no. Type 43JS 9589. Auctioned at Bonhams
• Passion Automobiles. Constructeurs automobiles - A.C.M. Atelier de Construction Mécanique ASTER 1896 / 1909
• Prewar cars, over 130(!) marques used Aster engines
• Grace's Guide - British Industrial History, Aster Engineering Co