Asyneuma

harebells
Asyneuma japonicum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Campanulaceae
Genus: Asyneuma
Griseb. & Schenk
Synonyms[1]
  • Tracanthelium Kit. ex Schur
  • Podanthum Boiss.
  • Trochocodon Candargy
  • Asyneumopsis Contandr., Quézel & Pamukç.

Asyneuma is a genus of flowering plants in the bellflower family, Campanulaceae. They are native to North Africa and Eurasia.[2] Many are endemic to Turkey.[3][4] Plants of the genus may be known commonly as harebells, but this name can also apply to the entire family.[5] There are up to about 33 species.[2][6]

Characters used to identify Asyneuma species include a generally wheel-shaped (rotate) corolla with the petals fused at the bases and spreading outward into very narrow lobes, lacking or rudimentary appendages on the calyx, a stigma with 2 to 4 lobes, and an oblong or roughly spherical fruit capsule that breaks open via pores on the sides.[7] These characters are not always helpful in distinguishing Asyneuma from the closely related genus Campanula, because authors disagree on which character is more important: the extent to which the flower petals are joined versus the position of the pores on the fruit capsule. Molecular data has been required to determine the best genus in which to place certain species.[8]

Species include:

  1. Asyneuma amplexicaule (Willd.) Hand.-Mazz. - Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Caucasus
  2. Asyneuma anthericoides (Janka) Bornm. - Balkans
  3. Asyneuma argutum (Regel) Bornm. - Central Asia
  4. Asyneuma babadaghense Yildiz & Kit Tan - Turkey
  5. Asyneuma campanuloides (M.Bieb. ex Sims) Bornm. - Caucasus
  6. Asyneuma canescens (Waldst. & Kit.) Griseb. & Schenk - Balkans, Ukraine
  7. Asyneuma chinense D.Y.Hong - Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan
  8. Asyneuma compactum Damboldt - Turkey
  9. Asyneuma davisianum Yildiz & Kit Tan - Turkey
  10. Asyneuma ekimianum Yildiz & Kit Tan - Turkey
  11. Asyneuma filipes (Nábelek) Damboldt - Turkey, Iraq
  12. Asyneuma fulgens (Wall.) Briq. - Indian Subcontinent, Tibet, Myanmar
  13. Asyneuma giganteum (Boiss.) Bornm. - Greek Islands
  14. Asyneuma ilgazense Yildiz & Kit Tan - Turkey
  15. Asyneuma isauricum Contandr., Quézel & Pamukç - Turkey
  16. Asyneuma japonicum (Miq.) Briq. - Japan, Korea, Manchuria, Russian Far East
  17. Asyneuma junceum Parolly - Turkey
  18. Asyneuma limonifolium (L.) Janch. - Balkans, Italy, Turkey
  19. Asyneuma linifolium (Boiss. & Heldr.) Bornm. - Turkey
  20. Asyneuma lobelioides (Willd.) Hand.-Mazz. - Turkey, Caucasus
  21. Asyneuma lycium (Boiss.) Bornm. - Turkey
  22. Asyneuma macrodon (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Bornm. - Iran
  23. Asyneuma michauxioides (Boiss.) Damboldt - Turkey
  24. Asyneuma persicum (A.DC.) Bornm. - Turkey, Iraq, Iran
  25. Asyneuma pulchellum (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Bornm.- Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Caucasus
  26. Asyneuma pulvinatum P.H.Davis - Turkey
  27. Asyneuma rigidum (Willd.) Grossh. - Algeria, Caucasus, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Sinai, Syria
  28. Asyneuma thomsonii (C.B.Clarke) Bornm. - western Himalayas
  29. Asyneuma trichocalycinum (Boiss.) Bornm. - Turkey
  30. Asyneuma trichostegium (Boiss.) Bornm. - Turkey
  31. Asyneuma virgatum (Labill.) Bornm. - Greek Islands, Turkey, Iran, Caucasus, Syria

References

  1. ↑ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Asyneuma. Flora of China.
  3. ↑ Alçitepe, E. (2008). Morphological, anatomical and palynological studies on Asyneuma michauxioides (Campanulaceae). Biologia 63(3), 338-42.
  4. ↑ Tan, K. and B. Yildiz. (1988). New Asyneuma (Campanulaceae) taxa from Turkey. Willdenowia 18(1), 67-80.
  5. ↑ Asyneuma. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
  6. ↑ Asyneuma. The Plant List.
  7. ↑ Parolly, G. (2000). Notes on two neglected Turkish Asyneuma taxa (Campanulaceae). Willdenowia 30(1), 67-75.
  8. ↑ Stefanovic, S. and D. Lakusic. (2009). Molecular reappraisal confirms that the Campanula trichocalycina-pichleri complex belongs to Asyneuma (Campanulaceae). Bot Serb 33, 21-31.