Astyanax (fish)

Astyanax
Normal Mexican tetra, below, and blind cave fish, above, Astyanax mexicanus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Superclass: Osteichthyes
Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii
Infraclass: Teleostei
Superorder: Ostariophysi
Order: Characiformes
Family: Characidae
Genus: Astyanax
S. F. Baird & Girard, 1854
Type species
Astyanax argentatus
S. F. Baird & Girard, 1854
Species

See text

Synonyms
  • Anoptichthys C. L. Hubbs & Innes, 1936
  • Bertoniolus Fowler, 1918
  • Carlastyanax Géry, 1972
  • Evenichthys Whitley, 1935
  • Poecilurichthys T. N. Gill, 1858
  • Psalidodon C. H. Eigenmann, 1911
  • Zygogaster C. H. Eigenmann, 1913

Astyanax is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Characidae of the order Characiformes. Some of these fish, like many of their relatives, are kept as aquarium pets and known collectively as tetras. With around 130 described species and new ones being described every few months, this genus is among the largest of the entire order; Hyphessobrycon also has more than 100 species, and which one is larger at any one time depends on whether more species have been recently described in one or the other.[1]

The blind cave fish, a form of A. mexicanus, is a famous member of this genus. A. jordani, a different but closely related blind fish, was formerly considered to form its own genus, Anoptichthys.

The type species is A. mexicanus, the Mexican tetra. The generic name comes from Astyanax, a character in Greek mythology, who was the son of Hector of Troy; in homage to this, several specific epithets also refer to the Iliad.[2]

Taxonomy and systematics

This genus is more or less defined as in 1917 by Carl H. Eigenmann. The lack of comprehensive phylogenetic analyses dealing with this genus is hindering a thorough review, and the relationships remain as indeterminate as the monophyly is doubtful.[3] Although included in Astyanax by FishBase, phylogenetic evidence supports moving A. aurocaudatus back to the monotypic genus Carlastyanax.[4]

Species

The 145 currently recognized species in this genus are:

  • Astyanax abramis Jenyns, 1842
  • Astyanax aeneus Günther, 1860 (Central tetra)
  • Astyanax ajuricaba Marinho & F. C. T. Lima, 2009
  • Astyanax alburnus R. F. Hensel, 1870
  • Astyanax altior C. L. Hubbs, 1936 (Yucatán tetra)
  • Astyanax altiparanae Garutti & Britski, 2000
  • Astyanax angustifrons Regan, 1908
  • Astyanax anterior C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
  • Astyanax aramburui Protogino, Miquelarena & H. L. López, 2006
  • Astyanax argyrimarginatus Garutti, 1999
  • Astyanax asuncionensis Géry, 1972
  • Astyanax atratoensis C. H. Eigenmann, 1907
  • Astyanax aurocaudatus C. H. Eigenmann, 1913
  • Astyanax bifasciatus Garavello & F. A. A. Sampaio, 2010 [5]
  • Astyanax bimaculatus Linnaeus, 1758 (Twospot tetra)
  • Astyanax biotae R. M. C. Castro & Vari, 2004
  • Astyanax bockmanni Vari & R. M. C. Castro 2007
  • Astyanax bourgeti C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
  • Astyanax brachypterygium Bertaco & L. R. Malabarba, 2001
  • Astyanax brevirhinus C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
  • Astyanax burgerai Zanata & Camelier, 2009
  • Astyanax caucanus Steindachner, 1879
  • Astyanax chaparae Fowler, 1943
  • Astyanax chico Casciotta & Almirón, 2004
  • Astyanax clavitaeniatus Garutti, 2003
  • Astyanax cocibolca W. A. Bussing, 2008
  • Astyanax cordovae Günther, 1880
  • Astyanax correntinus Holmberg, 1891
  • Astyanax courensis Bertaco, F. R. de Carvalho & Jerep, 2010
  • Astyanax cremnobates Bertaco & L. R. Malabarba, 2001
  • Astyanax daguae C. H. Eigenmann, 1913
  • Astyanax depressirostris A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1908
  • Astyanax dissensus C. A. S. de Lucena & Thofehrn, 2013 [6]
  • Astyanax dissimilis Garavello & F. A. A. Sampaio, 2010 [5]
  • Astyanax dnophos F. C. T. Lima & Zuanon, 2004
  • Astyanax douradilho Bertaco, 2014 [7]
  • Astyanax eigenmanniorum Cope, 1894
  • Astyanax elachylepis Bertaco & Lucinda, 2005
  • Astyanax endy Mirande, Aguilera & Azpelicueta, 2006
  • Astyanax epiagos Zanata & Camelier, 2008
  • Astyanax eremus Ingenito & Duboc, 2014 [8]
  • Astyanax erythropterus Holmberg, 1891
  • Astyanax fasciatus G. Cuvier, 1819 (banded tetra)
  • Astyanax fasslii Steindachner, 1915
  • Astyanax festae Boulenger, 1898
  • Astyanax filiferus C. H. Eigenmann, 1913
  • Astyanax gisleni Dahl, 1943
  • Astyanax giton C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
  • Astyanax goyacensis C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
  • Astyanax goyanensis P. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1944
  • Astyanax gracilior C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
  • Astyanax guaporensis C. H. Eigenmann, 1911
  • Astyanax guaricana C. A. M. Oliveira, Abilhoa & Pavanelli, 2013 [9]
  • Astyanax guianensis C. H. Eigenmann, 1909
  • Astyanax gymnodontus C. H. Eigenmann, 1911
  • Astyanax gymnogenys C. H. Eigenmann, 1911
  • Astyanax hamatilis Camelier & Zanata, 2014 [10]
  • Astyanax hastatus G. S. Myers, 1928
  • Astyanax henseli F. A. G. de Melo & Buckup, 2006
  • Astyanax hermosus Miquelarena, Protogino & H. L. López, 2005
  • Astyanax integer G. S. Myers, 1930
  • Astyanax intermedius C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
  • Astyanax ita Almirón, Azpelicueta & Casciotta, 2002
  • Astyanax jacobinae Zanata & Camelier, 2008 (Piaba)
  • Astyanax jacuhiensis Cope, 1894
  • Astyanax janeiroensis C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
  • Astyanax jenynsii C. H. Eigenmann, 1877
  • Astyanax jordanensis Vera Alcaraz, Pavanelli & Bertaco, 2009
  • Astyanax jordani C. L. Hubbs & Innes, 1936 (Cave tetra)
  • Astyanax kennedyi Géry, 1964
  • Astyanax kompi Hildebrand, 1938
  • Astyanax kullanderi W. J. E. M. Costa, 1995
  • Astyanax lacustris Lütken, 1875
  • Astyanax latens Mirande, Aguilera & Azpelicueta, 2004
  • Astyanax laticeps Cope, 1894
  • Astyanax leonidas Azpelicueta, Casciotta & Almirón, 2002
  • Astyanax leopoldi Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1988
  • Astyanax lineatus Perugia, 1891
  • Astyanax longior Cope, 1878
  • Astyanax longirhinus Garavello & F. A. A. Sampaio, 2010 [5]
  • Astyanax maculisquamis Garutti & Britski, 1997
  • Astyanax magdalenae C. H. Eigenmann & Henn, 1916
  • Astyanax marionae C. H. Eigenmann, 1911
  • Astyanax maximus Steindachner, 1877
  • Astyanax megaspilura Fowler, 1944
  • Astyanax mexicanus De Filippi, 1853 (Mexican tetra)
  • Astyanax microlepis C. H. Eigenmann, 1913
  • Astyanax microschemos Bertaco & C. A. S. de Lucena, 2006
  • Astyanax minor Garavello & F. A. A. Sampaio, 2010 [5]
  • Astyanax multidens C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
  • Astyanax mutator C. H. Eigenmann, 1909
  • Astyanax myersi Fernández-Yépez, 1950
  • Astyanax nasutus Meek, 1907 (Colcibolca tetra)
  • Astyanax nicaraguensis C. H. Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907
  • Astyanax obscurus R. F. Hensel, 1870
  • Astyanax ojiara Azpelicueta & J. O. Garcia, 2000
  • Astyanax orbignyanus Valenciennes, 1850
  • Astyanax orthodus C. H. Eigenmann, 1907 (Largespot tetra)
  • Astyanax pampa Casciotta, Almirón & Azpelicueta, 2005
  • Astyanax paraguayensis Fowler, 1918
  • Astyanax parahybae C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
  • Astyanax paranae C. H. Eigenmann, 1914
  • Astyanax paranahybae C. H. Eigenmann, 1911
  • Astyanax paris Azpelicueta, Almirón & Casciotta, 2002
  • Astyanax pedri C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
  • Astyanax pelecus Bertaco & C. A. S. de Lucena, 2006
  • Astyanax pellegrini C. H. Eigenmann, 1907
  • Astyanax pirabitira C. A. S. de Lucena, Bertaco & Berbigier, 2013 [11]
  • Astyanax pirapuan Tagliacollo, Britzke, G. S. C. Silva & Benine, 2011 [12]
  • Astyanax poetzschkei C. G. E. Ahl, 1932
  • Astyanax procerus C. A. S. de Lucena, J. B. Castro & Bertaco, 2013 [6]
  • Astyanax puka Mirande, Aguilera & Azpelicueta, 2007
  • Astyanax pynandi Casciotta, Almirón, Bechara, J. P. Roux & Ruiz Díaz, 2003
  • Astyanax ribeirae C. H. Eigenmann, 1911
  • Astyanax rivularis Lütken, 1875
  • Astyanax robustus Meek, 1912
  • Astyanax ruberrimus C. H. Eigenmann, 1913
  • Astyanax rupununi Fowler, 1914
  • Astyanax saguazu Casciotta, Almirón & Azpelicueta, 2003
  • Astyanax saltor Travassos, 1960
  • Astyanax scabripinnis Jenyns, 1842
  • Astyanax schubarti Britski, 1964
  • Astyanax scintillans G. S. Myers, 1928
  • Astyanax serratus Garavello & F. A. A. Sampaio, 2010 [5]
  • Astyanax siapae Garutti, 2003
  • Astyanax stenohalinus Messner, 1962
  • Astyanax stilbe Cope, 1870
  • Astyanax superbus G. S. Myers, 1942
  • Astyanax symmetricus C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
  • Astyanax taeniatus Jenyns, 1842
  • Astyanax totae Ferreira Haluch & Abilhoa, 2005
  • Astyanax trierythropterus Godoy (pt), 1970
  • Astyanax troya Azpelicueta, Casciotta & Almirón, 2002
  • Astyanax tumbayaensis Miquelarena & Menni, 2005
  • Astyanax tupi Azpelicueta, Mirande, Almirón & Casciotta, 2003
  • Astyanax turmalinensis Triques, Vono & Caiafa, 2003
  • Astyanax unitaeniatus Garutti, 1998
  • Astyanax utiariti Bertaco & Garutti, 2007
  • Astyanax validus Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1991
  • Astyanax varzeae Abilhoa & Duboc, 2007
  • Astyanax venezuelae L. P. Schultz, 1944
  • Astyanax vermilion Zanata & Camelier, 2009
  • Astyanax villwocki Zarske & Géry, 1999
  • Astyanax xavante Garutti & Venere, 2009
  • Astyanax xiru C. A. S. de Lucena, J. B. Castro & Bertaco, 2013 [6]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Astyanax (genus).
Wikispecies has information related to: Astyanax
  1. ↑ de Lucena (2003), Nelson (2006)
  2. ↑ FishBase (2006)
  3. ↑ de Lucena (2003)
  4. ↑ Mirande; Jerep; and Vanegas-Ríos (2013). Phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic Carlastyanax aurocaudatus (Eigenmann) with remarks on the phylogeny of the Stevardiinae (Teleostei: Characidae). Neotrop. ichthyol. 11(4).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Garavello; Sampaio (2010). "Five new species of genus Astyanax Baird & Girard, 1854 from Rio Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil (Ostariophysi, Characiformes, Characidae)". Brazilian Journal of Biology 70 (3): 847–865. doi:10.1590/s1519-69842010000400016.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Lucena, C.A.S.d., Castro, J.B. & Bertaco, V.A. (2013): Three new species of Astyanax from drainages of southern Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae). Neotropical Ichthyology, 11 (3): 537-552.
  7. ↑ Bertaco, V.A. (2014): Astyanax douradilho, a new characid fish from the rio Tramandaí system, southern Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae). Zootaxa, 3794 (3): 492–500.
  8. ↑ Ingenito, L.F.S. & Duboc, L.F. (2014): A new species of Astyanax (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Iguaçu basin, southern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 12 (2): 281-290.
  9. ↑ Oliveira, C.A.M., Abilhoa, V. & Pavanelli, C.S. (2013): Astyanax guaricana (Ostariophysi: Characidae), a new species from the rio Cubatão drainage, Paraná State, Southern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 11 (2): 291-296.
  10. ↑ Camelier, P. & Zanata, A.M. (2014): A new species of Astyanax Baird & Girard (Characiformes: Characidae) from the Rio Paraguaçu basin, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil, with comments on bony hooks on all fins. Journal of Fish Biology, 84 (2): 475–490.
  11. ↑ Lucena, C.A.S. de, Bertaco, V.A. & Berbigier, G. (2013): A new species of Astyanax from headwater streams of southern Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae). Zootaxa, 3700 (2): 226–236.
  12. ↑ Tagliacollo, V.A.; R. Britzke, G.S.C. Silva, & R.C. Benine (2011). "Astyanax pirapuan: a new characid species from the upper Rio Paraguay system, Mato Grosso, Central Brazil (Characiformes, Characidae)". Zootaxa 2749: 40–46.