Asian Australian
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Total population | |||||
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2.4 million (2011) 12% of Australian population[1][2] | |||||
Regions with significant populations | |||||
Capital cities Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide. | |||||
Languages | |||||
Australian English and Asian languages | |||||
Religion | |||||
Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism, East Asian religions, Indian religions, and others |
Asian Australians are people of Asian ancestry who are citizens or permanent residents of Australia.
For the purposes of aggregating data, the Australian Bureau of Statistics in its Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups (ASCCEG) has grouped certain ethnic groups into certain categories, including East Asian e.g. Chinese Australian, Southeast Asian e.g. Vietnamese Australian, South Asian e.g. Indian Australian and Central Asian e.g. Afghan Australian.[3]
At the 2011 Census 2.4 million Australians declared that they had an Asian ancestral background.[1] This represents about 12% of all responses.
History of immigration
Gold rush
Early Chinese migration stemmed from the phenomenon of the Victorian gold rush. This was met with some considerable opposition due to existing sinophobia and anti-Chinese sentiment. Racial tensions escalated into several riots at Lambing Flat and Buckland. Later, entry taxes, killings and segregation in the short term and became the foundations of the White Australia policy. [4][5]
Immigration restriction
In the 1870s and 1880s, the trade union movement began a series of protests against foreign labour. The union movement was critical of Asians, mainly Chinese, who did not join unions, and who were prepared to work for lower wages and conditions. [6] Wealthy land owners in rural areas countered with the argument Asians working on lower wages and conditions were necessary for development in tropical Queensland and the Northern Territory.[6] It was claimed that without Asian workers these regions would be abandoned.[7] Under growing pressure from the union movement, each Australian colony enacted legislation between 1875-1888 excluding further Chinese immigration.[7]
Post-war immigration
The government began to expand access to citizenship for non-Europeans in 1957 by allowing access to 15-year residents, and in 1958 by reforming entry permits via the Migration Act 1958. In March 1966, the immigration ministry began a policy of allowing the immigration of skilled and professional non-Europeans, and of expanding the availability of temporary residency to these groups. These cumulatively had the effect of increasing immigration numbers from non-European countries. In 1973 Whitlam took steps to bring about a more non-discriminatory immigration policy—temporarily bringing down overall immigration numbers. The eventual evolution of immigration policy has been along a trajectory of non-discrimination, dismantling European-only policies, and the broadening of pathways to citizenship for Asians.[8] During the Fraser government, with the increasing intake of Vietnamese refugees in the aftermath of the Vietnam War, Australia experienced the largest intake of Asian immigrants since the arrival of the Chinese gold miners during the gold rush of the 1850s and 1860s. In 1983, the level of British immigration was below the level of Asian immigration for the first time in Australian history.[9]
Demographics
Chinese, Indian, Filipino, Vietnamese are the most commonly nominated Asian ancestries in Australia. Chinese Australians are 4 percent of the Australian population (2011) and Indian Australians are 2 percent of the Australian population (2011). 30% of Asians in Australia go to university, 20% of all Australian doctors are Asian, and 37% of Asian Australians take part in some form of organised sport.[10] Second and third generation Chinese and Indian Australians are already present in large numbers.[2] Across Australia's major cities, Asian immigration is least prominent in Perth and Brisbane (top migrant sources being England and New Zealand among other Anglosphere nations), whereas Melbourne and Sydney are far more influenced by Asian immigration.[11] Sydney has the largest number of Asian Australians of any city, and a particularly high concentration of Chinese Australians. Chinese Australians make up Sydney's fourth largest ancestry (after English, Australian and Irish), while the Chinese, Indian and Vietnamese are among Sydney's five largest overseas-born communities.[12]
Between the 2006 and 2011 censuses, the proportion of the Australian population born in Asia increased by one percentage point from 5 percent to 6 percent. Some suburbs have seen a sharper increase in Asian born population, where it increased by 10 percentage points.[13]
Metropolitan Area | Asian population(Est) | Asian people as % of total population. |
---|---|---|
Sydney, NSW | 832,967 | 18.97 |
Melbourne, VIC | 782,600 | 18.20 |
Canberra, ACT | 40,576 | 11.38 |
Darwin, NT | 12,649 | 10.49 |
Perth, WA | 176,850 | 10.23 |
Brisbane, QLD | 172,528 | 8.35 |
Adelaide, SA | 99,467 | 8.12 |
Asian Australians by Greater Sydney region (2011 census)[14]
Region | Asian population | Asian people as % of total population |
---|---|---|
Parramatta | 132,663 | 33.61 |
Ryde | 52,975 | 32.53 |
South West | 102,583 | 28.48 |
Inner South West | 137,251 | 26.21 |
Blacktown | 77,866 | 25.65 |
Inner West | 65,922 | 25.01 |
City and Inner South | 55,028 | 20.80 |
North Sydney and Hornsby | 72,786 | 19.43 |
Baulkham Hills and Hawkesbury | 37,585 | 17.86 |
Eastern Suburbs | 29,293 | 11.74 |
Outer South West | 23,357 | 9.91 |
Northern Beaches | 14,362 | 6.04 |
Outer West and Blue Mountains | 15,127 | 5.25 |
Sutherland | 9,712 | 4.62 |
Central Coast | 6,459 | 2.07 |
Asian Australians by Melbourne region (2011 census)[14]
Region | Asian population | Asian people as % of total population |
---|---|---|
South East | 169,302 | 25.73 |
Inner East | 74,477 | 21.90 |
West | 126,787 | 20.58 |
Inner Melbourne | 73,188 | 14.58 |
North East | 48,858 | 11.18 |
Outer West | 49,335 | 10.30 |
Inner South | 38,088 | 10.07 |
North West | 38,088 | 9.74 |
Mornington Peninsula | 7,884 | 2.91 |
Mixed Asian descent
- Ashton Agar
- Peter Bell (Australian footballer born 1976), Australian rules footballer
- Kate Ceberano
- Christabel Chamarette
- Stuart Clark, Australian cricketer
- Anne Curtis, actress and model (Filipino mother)
- Jasmine Curtis, actress and model
- Jason Day (golfer)
- Trent Dennis-Lane, Australian rules footballer
- David de Kretser, former Governor of Victoria
- Samantha Downie
- Jamie Durie
- Andrew Embley, Australian rules footballer
- Andrew Everingham
- David Flint
- Jessica Gomes
- Kevin Gordon, rugby league player
- Geoff Huegill
- Nadya Hutagalung
- Samantha Jade
- Eddie Jones (rugby union)
- Michael Johnson, former politician, Member of Parliament, Federal Parliament
- Roger Kerr
- Daniel Kerr, Australian rules footballer
- Wally Koochew, Australian rules footballer
- Dichen Lachman
- Michael Letts, rugby player (Filipino mother)
- Adam Liaw: winner of MasterChef Australia 2010
- Paul Medhurst, Australian rules footballer
- Bobby Morley, actor from Home and Away TV series (Filipino mother)
- Jordan McMahon, Australian rules footballer
- Bill O'Chee, former Senator (Queensland), Federal Parliament
- Siobhan Parekh
- Clancee Pearce, Australian rules footballer
- Eric Pearce
- Julian Pearce
- Gemma Pranita
- Fred Pringle, Australian rules footballer
- Iain Ramsay
- Mahalia Barnes
- Van Thanh Rudd
- Guy Sebastian
- Rex Sellers
- Dannie Seow, Australian rules footballer
- Alex Silvagni, Australian rules footballer
- Billy Sing, World War I soldier, Gallipoli and Western Front
- Lisa Singh
- John Williams (guitarist)
- Rhys Williams
- Vanessa Woods, scientist, author and feature writer for the Discovery Channel
- Craig Wing, Australian Rugby League player (South Sydney Rabbitohs) (Filipino mother)
- Penny Wong, senator (South Australia), Federal Parliament, Member of Cabinet, Minister for Climate Change and Water 2007-2010, Minister of Finance and Deregulation 2010 - (Incumbent)
See also
- Asian American
- Asian Argentine
- Asian Canadian
- Asian Brazilian
- Asian Peruvian
- Asian South African
- British Asian
- Asian French
- Asian people
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-19621075
- ↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics.
- ↑ O'Brien, Antony (2005), Shenanigans on the Ovens Goldfields, Hartwell: Artillery Publishing, ISBN 0-9758013-0-9
- ↑ Cronin, Katherine (1982), Colonial Casualties: Chinese in Early Victoria, Carlton: Melbourne University Press, ISBN 0-522-84221-6
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Markey, Raymond (1 January 1996). "Race and organized labor in Australia, 1850–1901". Highbeam Research. Retrieved 2013-03-25.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Griffiths, Phil (4 July 2002). "Towards White Australia: The shadow of Mill and the spectre of slavery in the 1880s debates on Chinese immigration" (RTF). 11th Biennial National Conference of the Australian Historical Association. Retrieved 2013-03-25.
- ↑ http://www.immi.gov.au/media/fact-sheets/08abolition.htm. Retrieved 2015-04-11. Missing or empty
|title=
(help) - ↑ Price, CA (September 1998). "POST-WAR IMMIGRATION: 1945-1998". Journal of the Australian Population Association 15 (2): 17 pp.
- ↑
- ↑ http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/immigration/chinese-kiwis-surge-past-english-in-2011-census-figures/story-fn9hm1gu-1226404826027
- ↑ http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/1GSYD?opendocument&navpos=220
- ↑ http://www.theaustralian.com.au//business/opinion/asian-influence-adds-spice-to-melting-pot/story-e6frg9jx-1226717198780#
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Australian Census 2011, Community Profiles, Ancestry by Region
External links
- Chinese Museum Chinese Immigration to Australia
- Centre for Asian Societies and Histories
- Young Asians making their mark on Australia
- 4A Centre for Contemporary Asian Art
- Asian Migration to Australia
- Racism and Intolerance in Australia
- Asianising Australia
- Indian Migration to Australia
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