Arthur Miller

Arthur Miller
Born	Arthur Asher Miller (1915-10-17)October 17, 1915 Harlem (Manhattan), New York, United States
Died	February 10, 2005(2005-02-10) (aged 89) Roxbury, Connecticut, United States
Occupation	Playwright Essayist
Nationality	American
Alma mater	University of Michigan
Notable works	Death of a Salesman The Crucible A View from the Bridge All My Sons
Notable awards	1949  Pulitzer Prize for Drama 1984  Kennedy Center Honors 2001  Praemium Imperiale 2003  Jerusalem Prize
Spouse	Mary Slattery (m. 1940; div. 1956) Marilyn Monroe (m. 1956; div. 1961) Inge Morath (m. 1962; died 2002)
Children	Jane Robert Rebecca Daniel
Relatives	Joan Copeland (sister) Kermit Miller (brother) Daniel Day-Lewis (son-in-law)
Signature

Arthur Asher Miller (October 17, 1915 – February 10, 2005)^[1][2] was a prolific American playwright, essayist, and prominent figure in twentieth-century American theatre. Among his most popular plays are All My Sons (1947), Death of a Salesman (1949), The Crucible (1953) and A View from the Bridge (1955, revised 1956). He also wrote the several screenplays and was most noted for his work on The Misfits (1961). The drama Death of a Salesman is often numbered on the short list of being among the finest American plays in the 20th century alongside Long Day's Journey into Night and A Streetcar Named Desire.^[3]

Miller was often in the public eye, particularly during the late 1940s, 1950s and early 1960s. During this time, he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama; testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee; and was married to Marilyn Monroe. He received the Prince of Asturias Award and the Praemium Imperiale prize in 2002 and Jerusalem Prize in 2003,^[4] as well as Dorothy and Lillian Gish Lifetime Achievement Award and the Pulitzer Prize.^[5][6]

Biography

Early life

Arthur Asher Miller was born on October 17, 1915, in Harlem, in the New York City borough of Manhattan, the second of three children of Augusta (Barnett) and Isidore Miller. His father was an Austrian Jewish immigrant, and his mother was born in New York, to Austrian Jewish parents.^[2][7][8] His father owned a women's clothing manufacturing business employing 400 people. He became a wealthy and respected man in the community.^[9] The family, including his younger sister Joan, lived on West^[10] 110th Street in Manhattan, owned a summer house in Far Rockaway, Queens, and employed a chauffeur.^[11] In the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the family lost almost everything and moved to Gravesend, Brooklyn.^[12] As a teenager, Miller delivered bread every morning before school to help the family.^[11] After graduating in 1932 from Abraham Lincoln High School, he worked at several menial jobs to pay for his college tuition.^[12][13]

At the University of Michigan, Miller first majored in journalism and worked for the student paper, the Michigan Daily. It was during this time that he wrote his first play, No Villain.^[14] Miller switched his major to English, and subsequently won the Avery Hopwood Award for No Villain. The award brought him his first recognition and led him to begin to consider that he could have a career as a playwright. Miller enrolled in a playwriting seminar taught by the influential Professor Kenneth Rowe, who instructed him in his early forays into playwriting;^[15] Rowe emphasized how a play is built in order to achieve its intended effect, or what Miller called "the dynamics of play construction".^[16] Rowe provided realistic feedback along with much-needed encouragement, and became a lifelong friend.^[17] Miller retained strong ties to his alma mater throughout the rest of his life, establishing the university's Arthur Miller Award in 1985 and Arthur Miller Award for Dramatic Writing in 1999, and lending his name to the Arthur Miller Theatre in 2000.^[18] In 1937, Miller wrote Honors at Dawn, which also received the Avery Hopwood Award.^[14] After his graduation in 1938, he joined the Federal Theater Project, a New Deal agency established to provide jobs in the theater. He chose the theater project despite the more lucrative offer to work as a scriptwriter for 20th Century Fox.^[14] However, Congress, worried about possible Communist infiltration, closed the project in 1939.^[12] Miller began working in the Brooklyn Navy Yard while continuing to write radio plays, some of which were broadcast on CBS.^[12][14]

Early career

In 1940, he married Mary Grace Slattery.^[1] The couple had two children, Jane and Robert (born May 31, 1947). Miller was exempted from military service during World War II because of a high-school football injury to his left kneecap.^[12] 1940 was also the year his first play was produced; The Man Who Had All the Luck won the Theatre Guild's National Award.^[19] The play closed after four performances with disastrous reviews.^[20]

In 1947, Miller's play All My Sons, the writing of which had commenced in 1941, was a success on Broadway (earning him his first Tony Award, for Best Author) and his reputation as a playwright was established.^[21] Years later, in a 1994 interview with Ron Rifkin, Miller said that most contemporary critics regarded All My Sons as "a very depressing play in a time of great optimism" and that positive reviews from Brooks Atkinson of The New York Times had saved it from failure.^[22]

In 1948, Miller built a small studio in Roxbury, Connecticut. There, in less than a day, he wrote Act I of Death of a Salesman. Within six weeks, he completed the rest of the play,^[14] one of the classics of world theater.^[12][23] Death of a Salesman premiered on Broadway on February 10, 1949 at the Morosco Theatre, directed by Elia Kazan, and starring Lee J. Cobb as Willy Loman, Mildred Dunnock as Linda, Arthur Kennedy as Biff, and Cameron Mitchell as Happy. The play was commercially successful and critically acclaimed, winning a Tony Award for Best Author, the New York Drama Circle Critics' Award, and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It was the first play to win all three of these major awards. The play was performed 742 times.^[12]

The critical years

In 1956, a one-act version of Miller's verse drama A View from the Bridge opened on Broadway in a joint bill with one of Miller's lesser-known plays, A Memory of Two Mondays. The following year, Miller revised A View from the Bridge as a two-act prose drama, which Peter Brook directed in London.^[24] A French-Italian co-production Vu du pont, based on the play, was released in 1962.

In June 1956, Miller left his first wife Mary Slattery and on June 29 he married Marilyn Monroe.^[1] Miller and Monroe had met in April 23, 1951, when they had a brief affair, and had remained in contact since then.^[1][12]

Miller began work on The Misfits, starring his wife. Miller later said that the filming was one of the lowest points in his life; shortly before the film's premiere in 1961, the pair divorced.^[1][14] 19 months later, Monroe died of a possible drug overdose. Miller's future wife Inge Morath worked as a photographer documenting the film's production. The film proved to be the last appearances for both Monroe and Clark Gable, and one of the last for Montgomery Clift.

Miller married photographer Inge Morath on February 17, 1962 and the first of their two children, Rebecca, was born September 15, 1962. Their son Daniel was born with Down syndrome in November 1966; he was institutionalized and excluded from the Millers' personal life at Arthur's insistence.^[25] The couple remained together until Inge's death in 2002. Arthur Miller's son-in-law, actor Daniel Day-Lewis, is said to have visited Daniel frequently, and to have persuaded Arthur Miller to reunite with his adult son, Daniel.^[26]

HUAC controversy and "The Crucible"

In 1952, Elia Kazan appeared before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC); unwilling to risk his promising career in Hollywood for the Communist cause that he had come to despise, Kazan named eight members of the Group Theatre, including Clifford Odets, Paula Strasberg, Lillian Hellman, J. Edward Bromberg, and John Garfield,^[27] who in recent years had been fellow members of the Communist Party.^[28] After speaking with Kazan about his testimony, Miller traveled to Salem, Massachusetts to research the witch trials of 1692.^[1] The Crucible, in which Miller likened the situation with the House Un-American Activities Committee to the witch hunt in Salem in 1692,^[29][30] opened at the Beck Theatre on Broadway on January 22, 1953. Though widely considered only somewhat successful at the time of its initial release, today The Crucible is Miller's most frequently produced work throughout the world^[1] and was adapted into an opera by Robert Ward, which won the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 1962. Miller and Kazan were close friends throughout the late 1940s and early 1950s, but after Kazan's testimony to the HUAC, the pair's friendship ended, and they did not speak to each other for the next ten years.^[28] The HUAC took an interest in Miller himself not long after The Crucible opened, denying him a passport to attend the play's London opening in 1954.^[14] Kazan defended his own actions through his film On the Waterfront, in which a dockworker heroically testifies against a corrupt union boss.

When Miller applied in 1956 for a routine renewal of his passport, the House Unamerican Activities Committee used this opportunity to subpoena him to appear before the committee. Before appearing, Miller asked the committee not to ask him to name names, to which the chairman, Francis E. Walter (D-PA) agreed.^[31]

When Miller attended the hearing, to which Monroe accompanied him, risking her own career,^[1] he gave the committee a detailed account of his political activities. Reneging on the chairman's promise, the committee demanded the names of friends and colleagues who had participated in similar activities.^[31] Miller refused to comply, saying "I could not use the name of another person and bring trouble on him."^[31] As a result, a judge found Miller guilty of contempt of Congress in May 1957. Miller was sentenced to a $500 fine or thirty days in prison, blacklisted, and disallowed a US passport.^[2] In 1958, his conviction was overturned by the court of appeals, which ruled that Miller had been misled by the chairman of the HUAC.^[2]

Miller's experience with the HUAC affected him throughout his life. In the late 1970s he became very interested in the highly publicized Barbara Gibbons murder case, in which Gibbons' son Peter Reilly was convicted of his mother's murder based on what many felt was a coerced confession and little other evidence. City Confidential, an A&E Network series, produced an episode about the murder, postulating that part of the reason Miller took such an active interest (including supporting Reilly's defense and using his own celebrity to bring attention to Reilly's plight) was because he had felt similarly persecuted in his run-ins with the HUAC. He sympathized with Reilly, whom he firmly believed to be innocent and to have been railroaded by the Connecticut State Police and the Attorney General who had initially prosecuted the case.^[32][33]

Later career

In 1964 After the Fall was produced, and is said to be a deeply personal view of Miller's experiences during his marriage to Monroe. The play reunited Miller with his former friend Kazan: they collaborated on both the script and the direction. After the Fall opened on January 23, 1964 at the ANTA Theatre in Washington Square Park amid a flurry of publicity and outrage at putting a Monroe-like character, called Maggie, on stage.^[1] Robert Brustein, in a review in the New Republic, called After the Fall "a three and one half hour breach of taste, a confessional autobiography of embarrassing explicitness . . . there is a misogynistic strain in the play which the author does not seem to recognize. . . . He has created a shameless piece of tabloid gossip, an act of exhibitionism which makes us all voyeurs, . . . a wretched piece of dramatic writing."^[34] That same year, Miller produced Incident at Vichy. In 1965, Miller was elected the first American president of PEN International, a position which he held for four years.^[35] A year later, Miller organized the 1966 PEN congress in New York City. Miller also wrote the penetrating family drama, The Price, produced in 1968.^[1] It was Miller's most successful play since Death of a Salesman.^[36]

In 1969, Miller's works were banned in the Soviet Union after he campaigned for the freedom of dissident writers.^[14] Throughout the 1970s, Miller spent much of his time experimenting with the theatre, producing one-act plays such as Fame and The Reason Why, and traveling with his wife, producing In The Country and Chinese Encounters with her. Both his 1972 comedy The Creation of the World and Other Business and its musical adaptation, Up from Paradise, were critical and commercial failures.^[37][38]

Miller was an unusually articulate commentator on his own work. In 1978 he published a collection of his Theater Essays, edited by Robert A. Martin and with a foreword by Miller. Highlights of the collection included Miller's introduction to his Collected Plays, his reflections on the theory of tragedy, comments on the McCarthy Era, and pieces arguing for a publicly supported theater. Reviewing this collection in the Chicago Tribune, Studs Terkel remarked, "in reading [the Theater Essays]...you are exhilaratingly aware of a social critic, as well as a playwright, who knows what he's talking about."^[39]

In 1983, Miller traveled to China to produce and direct Death of a Salesman at the People's Art Theatre in Beijing. The play was a success in China^[36] and in 1984, Salesman in Beijing, a book about Miller's experiences in Beijing, was published. Around the same time, Death of a Salesman was made into a TV movie starring Dustin Hoffman as Willy Loman. Shown on CBS, it attracted 25 million viewers.^[14][40] In late 1987, Miller's autobiographical work, Timebends, was published. Before it was published, it was well known that Miller would not talk about Monroe in interviews; in Timebends Miller talks about his experiences with Monroe in detail.^[1]

During the early-mid 1990s, Miller wrote three new plays: The Ride Down Mt. Morgan (1991), The Last Yankee (1992), and Broken Glass (1994). In 1996, a film of The Crucible starring Daniel Day-Lewis, Paul Scofield, Bruce Davison, and Winona Ryder opened. Miller spent much of 1996 working on the screenplay to the film.^[14] Mr. Peters' Connections was staged Off-Broadway in 1998, and Death of a Salesman was revived on Broadway in 1999 to celebrate its fiftieth anniversary. The play, once again, was a large critical success, winning a Tony Award for best revival of a play.^[41]

In 1993, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts.^[42] Miller was honored with the PEN/Laura Pels International Foundation for Theater Award for a Master American Dramatist in 1998. In 2001 the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) selected Miller for the Jefferson Lecture, the U.S. federal government's highest honor for achievement in the humanities.^[43] Miller's lecture was entitled "On Politics and the Art of Acting."^[44] Miller's lecture analyzed political events (including the U.S. presidential election of 2000) in terms of the "arts of performance," and it drew attacks from some conservatives^[45] such as Jay Nordlinger, who called it "a disgrace," ^[46] and George Will, who argued that Miller was not legitimately a "scholar."^[47]

In 1999, Miller was awarded The Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize, one of the richest prizes in the arts, given annually to "a man or woman who has made an outstanding contribution to the beauty of the world and to mankind’s enjoyment and understanding of life."^[48] In 2001, Miller received the National Book Foundation's Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters. On May 1, 2002, Miller was awarded Spain's Principe de Asturias Prize for Literature as "the undisputed master of modern drama." Later that year, Ingeborg Morath died of lymphatic cancer^[49] at the age of 78. The following year Miller won the Jerusalem Prize.^[14]

In December 2004, the 89-year-old Miller announced that he had been in love with 34-year-old minimalist painter Agnes Barley and had been living with her at his Connecticut farm since 2002, and that they intended to marry.^[50] Within hours of her father's death, Rebecca Miller ordered Barley to vacate the premises, having consistently opposed the relationship.^[51] Miller's final play, Finishing the Picture, opened at the Goodman Theatre, Chicago, in the fall of 2004, with one character said to be based on Barley.^[52] It was reported to be based on his experience during the filming The Misfits,^[53] though Miller insisted the play is a work of fiction with independent characters that were no more than composite shadows of history.^[54]

Death

Miller died of heart failure after a battle against cancer, pneumonia and congestive heart disease at his home in Roxbury, Connecticut. He had been in hospice care at his sister's apartment in New York since his release from hospital the previous month.^[55] He died on the evening of February 10, 2005 (the 56th anniversary of the Broadway debut of Death of a Salesman), aged 89, surrounded by Barley, family and friends.^[56][57] He is interred at Roxbury Center Cemetery in Roxbury.

Legacy

Arthur Miller's career as a writer spanned over seven decades, and at the time of his death, Miller was considered to be one of the greatest dramatists of the twentieth century.^[23] After his death, many respected actors, directors, and producers paid tribute to Miller,^[58] some calling him the last great practitioner of the American stage,^[59] and Broadway theatres darkened their lights in a show of respect.^[60] Miller's alma mater, the University of Michigan, opened the Arthur Miller Theatre in March 2007. As per his express wish, it is the only theatre in the world that bears Miller's name.^[61]

Miller's papers are housed at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center at The University of Texas at Austin.

Arthur Miller is also a member of the American Theater Hall of Fame. He was inducted in 1979.^[62][63]

In 1993 he received the Four Freedom Award for Freedom of Speech^[64]

Works

Non-fiction

• Situation Normal (1944) is based on his experiences researching the war correspondence of Ernie Pyle.
• In Russia (1969), the first of three books created with his photographer wife Inge Morath, offers Miller's impressions of Russia and Russian society.
• In the Country (1977), with photographs by Morath and text by Miller, provides insight into how Miller spent his time in Roxbury, Connecticut and profiles of his various neighbors.
• Chinese Encounters (1979) is a travel journal with photographs by Morath. It depicts the Chinese society in the state of flux which followed the end of the Cultural Revolution. Miller discusses the hardships of many writers, professors, and artists as they try to regain the sense of freedom and place they lost during Mao Zedong's regime.
• Salesman in Beijing (1984) details Miller's experiences with the 1983 Beijing People's Theatre production of Death of a Salesman. He describes the idiosyncrasies, understandings, and insights encountered in directing a Chinese cast in a decidedly American play.
• Timebends: A Life, Methuen London (1987) ISBN 0-413-41480-9. Like Death of a Salesman, the book follows the structure of memory itself, each passage linked to and triggered by the one before.

Collections

• Kushner, Tony, ed. Arthur Miller, Collected Plays 1944–1961 (Library of America, 2006) ISBN 978-1-931082-91-4.
• Martin, Robert A. (ed.), "The theater essays of Arthur Miller", foreword by Arthur Miller. NY: Viking Press, 1978 ISBN 0-14-004903-7.
• Steven R Centola, ed. Echoes Down the Corridor: Arthur Miller, Collected Essays 1944–2000, Viking Penguin (US)/Methuen (UK), 2000 ISBN 0-413-75690-4

Miller's styles, themes, and characters

Miller successfully synthesized diverse dramatic styles and movements in the belief that a play should embody a delicate balance between the individual and society, between the singular personality and the polity, and between the separate and collective elements of life. He thought himself a writer of social plays with a strong emphasis on moral problems in american society and often questioned psychological causes of behavior. He also built on the realist tradition of Henrik Ibsen in his exploration of the individual’s conflict with society but also borrowed Symbolist and expressionist techniques from Bertolt Brecht and others. Some critics attempt to interpret his work from either an exclusively political or an exclusively psychological standpoint but fail to pierce the social veil that Miller creates in his work. ^[66] Miller often stressed that society made his characters what they are and how it dictated all of their fears and choices. ^[67]

Themes

Social Responsibility

Arthur Miller is known for the consciousness of the characters in his play. In his plays, he confronts a level of banality with the roller coaster of guilt and responsibility. Some strong examples of characters who portray this struggle between their conscious and their social responsibility are Joe Keller in [All My Sons] and John Proctor in [The Crucible]. ^[68]

Life, death, and human purpose

Miller's determination to deal with the eternal themes of life, death and human purpose is one of his most prominent themes across his works. This theme spans from Willy Lowman's dedication to providing for his family and his inherent belief that his death would leave a legacy, to John Proctor's willingness to die to preserve his name. Mostly all of Miller's protagonists struggle with the mark they leave on life and what it means to die.^[69]

Characters

Willy Lowman

In Death of a Salesman — originally entitled “The Inside of His Head” — Miller brilliantly solves the problem of revealing his main character’s inner discord, rendering Willy Loman as solid as the society in which he tries to sell himself. Indeed, many critics believe that Miller has never surpassed his achievement in this play, which stands as his breakthrough work, distinguished by an extremely long Broadway run, by many revivals, and by many theater awards, including the Pulitzer Prize in 1949.^[70][71] Death of a Salesman seems destined to remain an American classic and a standard text in American classrooms. Willy Loman desperately wants to believe that he has succeeded, that he is “well liked” as a great salesman, a fine father, and a devoted husband. That he has not really attracted the admiration and popularity at which he has aimed is evident, however, in the weariness that belabors him from the beginning of the play. Nearing retirement he suffers a drastic decrease in sales t work, a dissatisfying marriage, and a turbulent relationship with his sons which inexorably leads to his suicide with the justification that the insurance will finally provide for his family.^[72]

Eddie Carbone

Eddie Carbone is the central character in "A View From The Bridge" and is not positioned as the protagonist or the antogonist. He is a longshoreman who lives with his wife, Beatrice, and his 17 year old niece, Catherine. When his family from Italy, Rodolpho and Marco, migrate illegally and begin to live with him, the small world that he operates in is disrupted. Eddie becomes conflicted and ultimately self destructive over his sexual attraction to his niece and her involvement with one of his Italian tenants. His character arc culminates as he becomes and informer to the immigration authorities which leads to a confrontation with one of his tenants. Marco labels him as an informer and Eddie perceives this as a permanent blemish on his good name. This confrontation ultimately leads to his death leaves Eddie as one of Miller's examples of tragic figures. ^{[73] [74]}

John Proctor

John Proctor is a faithful farmer who lives by a strict moral code that he violates by succumbing to an affair with a young girl, Abigail, who serves in his home. After rejecting her, Abigail spitefully accuses John's wife of witchcraft, involving him in a string of affairs that challenge his beliefs and convictions. In his attempts to save his wife, he is convicted of witchcraft as well, and will only be acquitted if he confesses to his crime and signs his name to a piece of paper. ^[75] Proctor is a strong, vital man in the prime of his life both in his confession of witchcraft and the subsequent passion with which he defends his name at the cost of his life. ^[76]

Joe Keller

Critics have long admired the playwright’s suspenseful handling of the Keller family’s burden in the play "All My Sons". The critical character in this work is Joe Keller, who permitted defective parts to remain in warplanes that subsequently crash. Not only does Joe Keller fail to recognize his social responsibility, but also he allows his business partner to take the blame and serve the prison term for the crime. Gradually, events combine to strip Keller of his rationalizations. He argues that he never believed that the cracked engine heads would be installed and that he never admitted his mistake because it would have driven him out of business at the age of sixty-one, when he would not have another chance to “make something” for his family, his highest priority. Joe's irresponsibility is exposed through his son's questioning of his very humanity.^[77] Joe's suicide results from the tremendous guilt and self awareness that arises during the play. This reversal from staunchly defensive over his honorable need to protect his family to discovering his social responsibility had some critics claiming that this was a theatrical trick.

Literary and Public Criticism

Christopher Bigsby wrote Arthur Miller: The Definitive Biography based on boxes of papers Miller made available to him before his death in 2005.^[65] The book was published in November 2008, and is reported to reveal unpublished works in which Miller "bitterly attack[ed] the injustices of American racism long before it was taken up by the civil rights movement".^[65]

In his book Trinity of Passion, author Alan M. Wald conjectures that Miller was "a member of a writer's unit of the Communist Party around 1946," using the pseudonym Matt Wayne, and editing a drama column in the magazine The New Masses.^[78]

Two months after Miller died Peter O'Toole called him a "bore"^[79] and Roger Kimball went on record saying that Miller's artistic accomplishments were meager.^[80]

The Arthur Miller Foundation

The Arthur Miller Foundation was founded to honor the legacy of Arthur Miller and his New York City Public School Education. The mission of the foundation is: Promoting increased access and equity to theater arts education in our schools and Increasing the number of students receiving theater arts education as an integral part of their academic curriculum.^[81] Other initiatives include effecting the certification of new theater teachers and their placement in public schools, increasing the number of theater teachers in the system from the current estimate of 180 teachers in 1800 schools, supporting professional development of all certified theater teachers, providing teaching artists, cultural partners, physical spaces, and theater ticket allocations for students The Foundation's primary purpose is to provide arts education in the New York City School system. The current canceller of the foundation is Carmen Farina, a large proponent of the common core. Alec Baldwin, Ellen Barkin, Katori Hall, Dustin Hoffman, Scarlett Johansson, Tony Kushner, Michael Mayer, Jim McElhinney, Julianne Moore, Liam Neeson, Lynn Nottage, David O. Russell, Liev Schreiber all serve on the Master Arts Council. Son-in-law Daniel Day-Lewis serves on the current board of directors.^[82]

Quest to learn program

The Arthur Miller Foundation currently supports a pilot program in theater and film at the public school Quest to Learn in partnership with the Institute of Play. The model is being used as an in-school elective theater class and lab. The objective is to create a sustainable theater education model to disseminate to teachers at professional development workshop.^[83]

See also

• Hollywood blacklist
• International PEN

Arthur Miller Bio The Arthur Miller Foundation Arthur Miller official websiteArthur Miller and Mccarthyism

Further Reading

• File on Miller, Christopher Bigsby (1988)
• Arthur Miller & Company, Christopher Bigsby, editor (1990)
• Arthur Miller: A Critical Study, Christopher Bigsby (2005)
• Remembering Arthur Miller, Christopher Bigsby, editor (2005)
• Arthur Miller 1915–1962, Christopher Bigsby (2008, U.K.; 2009, U.S.)
• The Cambridge Companion to Arthur Miller (Cambridge Companions to Literature), Christopher Bigsby, editor (1998, updated and republished 2010)
• Arthur Miller 1962–2005, Christopher Bigsby (February 2011)

Critical Articles

• Radavich, David. "Arthur Miller's Sojourn in the Heartland." American Drama 16:2 (Summer 2007): 28–45.

References

Bibliography

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Arthur Miller.

Wikiquote has quotations related to: Arthur Miller

• Arthur Miller at the Internet Broadway Database
• Arthur Miller at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
• Arthur Miller at DMOZ
• Arthur Miller at the Internet Movie Database
• Arthur Miller Society, including a chronology
• Arthur Miller at Find a Grave
• A Visit With Castro – Miller's article in The Nation, January 12, 2004
• Works by Arthur Miller at Open Library
• Joyce Carol Oates on Arthur Miller

Interviews Carlisle, Olga and Styron, Rose (Summer 1966). "Arthur Miller, The Art of Theater No. 2". The Paris Review Interview.  Bigby, Christopher (Fall 1999). "Arthur Miller, The Art of Theater No. 2, Part 2". The Paris Review.  Miller interview, Humanities, March–April 2001

Obituaries New York Times Obituary NPR Obituary CNN Obituary

Non-profit organization positions
Preceded by Victor E. van Vriesland	International President of PEN International 1965–1969	Succeeded by Pierre Emmanuel

Works of Arthur Miller Plays No Villain They Too Arise Honors at Dawn The Golden Years (radio play) That They May Win (one-act) The Man Who Had All the Luck All My Sons Death of a Salesman An Enemy of the People The Crucible A View from the Bridge A Memory of Two Mondays The Misfits After the Fall Incident At Vichy The Price The Creation of the World and Other Business The Archbishop's Ceiling The American Clock Up from Paradise Elegy for a Lady Some Kind of Love Story Everybody Wins The Last Yankee The Ride Down Mt. Morgan Broken Glass Mr. Peters' Connections Resurrection Blues Finishing the Picture Novels Focus Homely Girl: A Life Short stories The Misfits (short story and screenplay) I Don't Need You Anymore (short stories) Presence: Stories (short stories) Non-fiction Situation Normal In Russia In the Country Chinese Encounters Salesman in Beijing Timebends (autobiography)

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Dramatic Special Michael Mann & Patrick Nolan (1979) David Chase (1980) Arthur Miller (1981) Barry Morrow (1982) Marshall Herskovitz & Edward Zwick (1983) William Hanley (1984) Vickie Patik (1985) Ron Cowen & Daniel Lipman & Sherman Yellen & David Butler (1986) Kenneth Blackwell & Tennyson Flowers & Richard Friedenberg (1987) William Hanley (1988) Ron Hutchison & Abby Mann & Robin Vote (1989) Terrence McNally (1990) Andrew Davies (1991) Joshua Brand & John Falsey (1992) Jane Anderson (1993) Bob Randall (1994) Alison Cross (1995) Simon Moore (1996) Horton Foote (1997) Kario Salem (1998) Ann Peacock (1999) David Mills & David Simon (2000) Loring Mandel (2001) Larry Ramin & Hugh Whitemore (2002) William H. Macy & Steven Schachter (2003) Tony Kushner (2004) Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely (2005) Richard Curtis (2006) Frank Deasy (2007) Kirk Ellis for "Independence" (2008) Andrew Davies (2009) Adam Mazer (2010) Julian Fellowes (2011) Danny Strong (2012) Abi Morgan (2013) Steven Moffat for "His Last Vow" (2014)

Pulitzer Prize for Drama 1918–1950 Why Marry? (1918) Beyond the Horizon (1920) Miss Lulu Bett (1921) Anna Christie (1922) Icebound (1923) Hell-Bent Fer Heaven (1924) They Knew What They Wanted (1925) Craig's Wife (1926) In Abraham's Bosom (1927) Strange Interlude (1928) Street Scene (1929) The Green Pastures (1930) Alison's House (1931) Of Thee I Sing (1932) Both Your Houses (1933) Men in White (1934) The Old Maid (1935) Idiot's Delight (1936) You Can't Take It with You (1937) Our Town (1938) Abe Lincoln in Illinois (1939) The Time of Your Life (1940) There Shall Be No Night (1941) The Skin of Our Teeth (1943) Harvey (1945) State of the Union (1946) A Streetcar Named Desire (1948) Death of a Salesman (1949) South Pacific (1950) 1951–1975 The Shrike (1952) Picnic (1953) The Teahouse of the August Moon (1954) Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1955) The Diary of Anne Frank (1956) Long Day's Journey into Night (1957) Look Homeward, Angel (1958) J.B. (1959) Fiorello! (1960) All the Way Home (1961) How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying (1962) The Subject Was Roses (1965) A Delicate Balance (1967) The Great White Hope (1969) No Place to be Somebody (1970) The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds (1971) That Championship Season (1973) Seascape (1975) 1976–2000 A Chorus Line (1976) The Shadow Box (1977) The Gin Game (1978) Buried Child (1979) Talley's Folly (1980) Crimes of the Heart (1981) A Soldier's Play (1982) 'night, Mother (1983) Glengarry Glen Ross (1984) Sunday in the Park with George (1985) Fences (1987) Driving Miss Daisy (1988) The Heidi Chronicles (1989) The Piano Lesson (1990) Lost in Yonkers (1991) The Kentucky Cycle (1992) Angels in America: Millennium Approaches (1993) Three Tall Women (1994) The Young Man from Atlanta (1995) Rent (1996) How I Learned to Drive (1998) Wit (1999) Dinner with Friends (2000) 2001–present Proof (2001) Topdog/Underdog (2002) Anna in the Tropics (2003) I Am My Own Wife (2004) Doubt: A Parable (2005) Rabbit Hole (2007) August: Osage County (2008) Ruined (2009) Next to Normal (2010) Clybourne Park (2011) Water by the Spoonful (2012) Disgraced (2013) The Flick (2014) Between Riverside and Crazy (2015)

Tony Award for Best Author Arthur Miller (1947) Thomas Heggen and Joshua Logan (1948) Arthur Miller / Samuel and Bella Spewack (1949) Abe Burrows, Jack Weinstock, and Willie Gilbert (1962) Burt Shevelove and Larry Gelbart (1963) Michael Stewart (1964) Neil Simon / Joseph Stein (1965)

Kennedy Center Honorees (1980s) 1980 Leonard Bernstein James Cagney Agnes de Mille Lynn Fontanne Leontyne Price 1981 Count Basie Cary Grant Helen Hayes Jerome Robbins Rudolf Serkin 1982 George Abbott Lillian Gish Benny Goodman Gene Kelly Eugene Ormandy 1983 Katherine Dunham Elia Kazan Frank Sinatra James Stewart Virgil Thomson 1984 Lena Horne Danny Kaye Gian Carlo Menotti Arthur Miller Isaac Stern 1985 Merce Cunningham Irene Dunne Bob Hope Alan Jay Lerner & Frederick Loewe Beverly Sills 1986 Lucille Ball Hume Cronyn & Jessica Tandy Yehudi Menuhin Antony Tudor Ray Charles 1987 Perry Como Bette Davis Sammy Davis Jr. Nathan Milstein Alwin Nikolais 1988 Alvin Ailey George Burns Myrna Loy Alexander Schneider Roger L. Stevens 1989 Harry Belafonte Claudette Colbert Alexandra Danilova Mary Martin William Schuman Complete list 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s

Arthur Miller's The Crucible (1953) Characters John Proctor Abigail Williams Judge Thomas Danforth Elizabeth Proctor Reverend Samuel Parris Reverend John Hale Thomas Putnam Giles Corey Adaptations The Crucible (1957 French film) The Crucible (1996 film) The Crucible (opera) Related Salem witch trials

Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman (1949) Characters Willy Loman Linda Loman Biff Loman Happy Loman Film & TV Death of a Salesman (1951) Death of a Salesman (1966, CBS) Death of a Salesman (1966, BBC TV drama) Death of a Salesman (1985) Death of a Salesman (1996) Death of a Salesman (2000)

Authority control WorldCat VIAF: 44302716 LCCN: n79045521 ISNI: 0000 0001 2130 2540 GND: 118582496 SELIBR: 77080 SUDOC: 027029832 BNF: cb11916126g (data) NDL: 00450041 NKC: jn19990005721