Arp 220

Arp 220
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Serpens
Right ascension 15h 34m 57.1s[1]
Declination +23° 30′ 11″[1]
Redshift 5434 ± 7 km/s[1]
Distance 250 Mly (77 Mpc)
Type S?[1]
Apparent dimensions (V) 1′.5 x 1′.2[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 13.9[1]
Other designations

IC 1127,[1] IC 4553,[1]

UGC 9913,[1] PGC 55497[1]

Arp 220 is the result of a collision between two galaxies which are now in the process of merging. Located 250 million light-years away in the constellation Serpens, it is the 220th object in Halton Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies.

Features

Wider angle (2.4′ ) view by Hubble Space Telescope

Arp 220 is the closest Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxy (ULIRG) to Earth. Its energy output was discovered by IRAS to be dominated by the far-infrared part of the spectrum.[2] It is often regarded as the prototypical ULIRG and has been the subject of much study as a result. Most of its energy output is thought to be the result of a massive burst of star formation, or starburst, probably triggered by the merging of two smaller galaxies. Recent (2002 and 1997) HST observations of Arp 220, taken in visible light with the ACS, and in infrared light with NICMOS, revealed more than 200 huge star clusters in the central part of the galaxy. The most massive of these clusters contains enough material to equal about 10 million suns.[3] X-ray observations by the Chandra and XMM-Newton satellites have shown that Arp 220 probably includes an active galactic nucleus (AGN) at its core, which raises interesting questions about the link between galaxy mergers and AGN, since it is believed that galactic mergers often trigger starbursts, and may also give rise to the supermassive black holes that appear to power AGN.

Luminous far-infrared objects like Arp 220 have been found in surprisingly large numbers by sky surveys of submillimetre wavelengths using instruments such as the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). Arp 220 and other relatively local ULIRGs are being studied as equivalents of this kind of object.

Astronomers from the Arecibo Observatory have detected organic molecules in the galaxy.[4]

Arp 220 contains at least two bright maser sources, an OH megamaser, and a water maser.[5]

In October 2011, astronomers spotted a record-breaking seven supernova all found at the same time in Arp 220.[6][7][8]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for Arp 220. Retrieved 2006-12-07.
  2. ↑ IRAS exposes a remarkable infrared galaxy , Physics Today, 37, part no 8, 18-20 (1984)
  3. ↑ "Hubble Eyes Star Birth in the Extreme". Retrieved 2006-10-16.
  4. ↑ "Arecibo telescope finds critical ingredients for the soup of life in a galaxy far, far away". Cornell Chronicle (Cornell University). 2008-01-14. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  5. ↑ "SIMBAD Astronomical Database". Results for Arp 220. Retrieved 2006-12-07.
  6. ↑ "Seven Supernovae Found in Single Galaxy—A First" (Press release). Fabien Batejat from Radio Astronomy and Astrophysics Group, National Geographic Society. October 6, 2011. Retrieved October 10, 2011. we can confirm seven supernovae [in a single galaxy], thanks to a 17-year monitoring of the radio sources in Arp 220
  7. ↑ "Phát hiện chưa từng thấy về các siêu tân tinh" (Press release) (in Vietnamese). Phương Huyền, Science Daily. October 3, 2011. Retrieved October 10, 2011. Với tất cả dữ liệu tìm thấy, chúng tôi có thể chắc chắn rằng 7 tín hiệu đó chính là các siêu tân tinh - những ngôi sao đã nổ tung trong 60 năm qua
  8. ↑ "Astronomers Reveal Supernova Factory" (Press release). Science Daily. Oct 2, 2011. Retrieved Oct 10, 2011. With all the data in place, we can now be certain that all seven of these sources are supernovae: stars that exploded in the last 60 years

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Arp 220.

Coordinates: 15h 34m 57.1s, +23° 30′ 11″