April 1965
The following events occurred in April 1965:
April 1, 1965 (Thursday)
April 2, 1965 (Friday)
April 3, 1965 (Saturday)
- The world's first space nuclear power reactor, SNAP-10A, is launched by the United States from Vandenberg AFB, California. The reactor operates for 43 days and remains in Low Earth orbit.
- The first jet-to-jet combat of the Vietnam War occurs. Although all American aircraft involved return safely, the North Vietnamese Air Force claims to have shot down a U.S. Navy F-8 Crusader fighter and in future years celebrates April 3 as "North Vietnamese Air Force Day."
April 4, 1965 (Sunday)
- During a U.S. Air Force strike on the Thanh Hóa Bridge, North Vietnamese Air Force MiG-17 fighters attack a formation of U.S. Air Force F-105 Thunderchief strike aircraft, shooting down two F-105s. They are the first aircraft lost in air-to-air combat by either side during the Vietnam War.[3]
- Born: Robert Downey Jr., US actor, in Manhattan, New York, and Elaine Zayak, former US figure skater in Paramus, New Jersey.
April 5, 1965 (Monday)
April 6, 1965 (Tuesday)
- The Early Bird communications satellite is launched. It will become operational on May 2 and will be placed in commercial service in June.
- The British government publicly announces cancellation of the BAC TSR-2 nuclear bomber aircraft project.[6]
- The Italian cargo ship Cagliari runs aground in the River Thames at Gravesend, Kent, in fog.[7]
April 7, 1965 (Wednesday)
- Irish general election, 1965: A general election takes place in Ireland, the first Irish General Election to be covered on television by state broadcaster RTÉ. The ruling Fianna Fáil party obtains an additional two seats in the election, giving it an overall majority in the Dáil.
- Lyndon Johnson delivers "Peace Without Conquest" speech at Johns Hopkins University, naming Eugene Black as US representative to the nascent Asian Development Bank.[8][9]
April 8, 1965 (Thursday)
April 9, 1965 (Friday)
April 10, 1965 (Saturday)
- Soviet spacecraft Luna E-6 No.8, intended to be the first spacecraft to perform a soft landing on the Moon, is lost in a launch failure when a nitrogen pipeline in the oxidiser tank depressurises, causing a loss of oxidiser flow to the engine and resulting in the engine cutting off. The spacecraft fails to achieve orbit, and disintegrates on re-entry.[12]
- 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak: An estimated 51 tornadoes (47 confirmed) hit in 6 Midwestern states of the US, killing between 256 to 271 people and injuring some 1,500 more.
- West German cargo ship Transatlantic collides with Dutch ship MV Hermes and sinks in the Saint Lawrence River, Canada. One of her fourteen crew is killed and two are reported missing.[13]
- In the early hours of the morning, a second tornado outbreak in the US Midwest kills a further four people.
- West German passenger ship MV Bremerhaven capsizes and sinks at Bremerhaven.[14]
April 14, 1965 (Wednesday)
- The first round of Municipal elections is held in France.
- After aborting its first landing attempt at Jersey Airportin the Channel Islands due to low cloud cover, British United Airways Flight 1030X, a Douglas C-47B, strikes the outermost pole of the approach lighting system with its right wing on its second landing attempt. The wing breaks off and the aircraft rolls upside down and crashes, killing 26 of the 27 people on board; one flight attendant survives.
- Died: In Cold Blood killers Richard Hickock, 33, and Perry Smith, 36, convicted of murdering 4 members of the Herbert Clutter family of Holcomb, Kansas; both are executed by hanging at the Kansas State Penitentiary for Men in Lansing, Kansas.
April 15, 1965 (Thursday)
April 17, 1965 (Saturday)
- The first SDS march against the Vietnam War draws 25,000 protestors to Washington, DC.
- Consecration of St Clement of Ohrid Macedonian Orthodox Cathedral in Toronto, Canada.
- Died: Guillermo González Camarena, 48, Mexican inventor, in a car accident at Puebla, while returning from inspecting a television transmitter in Las Lajas, Veracruz.
April 21, 1965 (Wednesday)
April 22, 1965 (Thursday)
- The Pennine Way, a major new footpath in England, is officially opened.
- The first production C-141A Starlifter cargo aircraft is delivered to U.S. Air Force Military Airlift Command.
- The USSR launches communications satellite Molniya 1, which broadcasts a television program.[8][19]
April 24, 1965 (Saturday)
- Indonesia–Malaysia Confrontation: Lieutenant-Colonel John Williams, serving as a Company Sergeant Major with the 2nd Battalion, The Parachute Regiment, wins the DCM for gallantry for his role in defending the base at Plaman Mapu; Williams loses an eye in the battle and thereafter gains the nickname "Patch".[27]
- Born: Anna Chancellor, English actress, in Richmond, London
- Died: Edward R. Murrow, 57, US journalist and former director of the United States Information Agency (lung cancer)[28]
April 28, 1965 (Wednesday)
April 29, 1965 (Thursday)
- The Saudi Arabian ship MV King Abdelaziz runs aground 5 nautical miles (9.3 km) west of Jeddah, to be refloated on 3 May.[30]
- I.W. Abel declared winner of contentious United Steelworkers of America election.[8]
References
- ↑ Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 423–424. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ↑ Walter Lucas, "Western liaison—'Bilderberg' style", Christian Science Monitor, April 12, 1965, p. 11.
- ↑ Nichols, CDR John B., and Barret Tillman, On Yankee Station: The Naval Air War Over Vietnam, Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute, 1987, ISBN 978-0-87021-559-9, p. 152, which also claims this event occurred on April 3.
- ↑ Polmar, Norman, "Historic Aircraft: The Last Photo Plane", Naval History, October 2010, p. 64.
- ↑ "Helicopters Save 41 Shipwrecked Men" The Times (London). Tuesday, 6 April 1965. (56289), col B, p. 9.
- ↑ Burke, Damien (2010). TSR2: Britain's Lost Bomber. Ramsbury: Crowood. ISBN 978-1-84797-211-8.
- ↑ "Picture Gallery" The Times (London). Wednesday, 7 April. (56290), col C-E, p. 5.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 "The Month in Review", Current History, June 1965.
- ↑ "Peace Without Conquest", LBJ Library.
- ↑ Brussels Treaty (European history 1965-93) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia
- ↑ Nichols, CDR John B., and Barret Tillman, On Yankee Station: The Naval Air War Over Vietnam, Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute, 1987, ISBN 978-0-87021-559-9, p. 153.
- ↑ Wade, Mark. "Soyuz". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 27 July 2010.
- ↑ "Sunken Ship Delays Traffic in St. Lawrence Channel" The Times (London). Monday, 12 April 1965. (56294), col C, p. 10.
- ↑ "Pleasure Ship Capsizes in Harbour" The Times (London). Wednesday, 14 April 1965. (56296), col A, p. 9.
- ↑ W. Granger Blair, "Bonn's Reparations to Israel Completed", New York Times, April 16, 1965, p. 1.
- ↑ "HU-GO Craft". Retrieved 25 January 2012.
- ↑ History of French Local Elections
- ↑ Taylor, John W R. (editor). Jane's All the Worlds Aircraft 1988-89. Coulsdon, Surrey, UK: Jane's Information Group, 1988. ISBN 0-7106-0867-5. p7
- ↑ Theodore Shabad, "Moscow Puts Aloft Its First 'Comsat'; TV Movie Is Shown", New York Times, April 24, 1965, p. 1. "According to a Moscow television spokesman the unannounced direct telecast from Vladivostok, which included a documentary film of the life of Pacific fishermen, began at 9 A.M. Moscow time (4 P.M. Vladivostok time) and lasted about three hours. Since no television programs are scheduled in Moscow before noon, virtually no home television viewer had turned on his set and watched the live transmission. A two-minute recorded excerpt was repeated during news periods later in the day."
- ↑ "Sukarno Seizes Foreign Firms", Los Angeles Times (AP), April 25, 1965, p. 10.
- ↑ Los Angeles Times, April 27, 1965 "Highway Sniper's Bullet Proves Fatal to Boy, 5"
- ↑ "World Championships Results". ITTF Museum. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
- ↑ "ITTF Statistics". ittf.com. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
- ↑ "20,000 Cambodians Mob U.S. Embassy: Rip Down Flag in Protest Against Vietnam Policy and Magazine Article", New York Times (UPI), April 27, 1965, p. 1.
- ↑ "U.S. Embassy in Cambodia Is Stoned by Mob", Chicago Tribune, April 27, 1965, p. 1.
- ↑ Scott-Elliot, Robin (19 February 2010). "Old Trafford Centenary: 10 games that define 'Theatre of Dreams'". The Independent (London). Retrieved 2012-03-30.
- ↑ For Distinguished Conduct in the Field: the register of the Distinguished Conduct Medal 1920-1992, compiled by Philip McDermott (1994)
- ↑ Obituary Variety, April 28, 1965, p. 60.
- ↑ National Geophysical Data Center. "Significant earthquake". Retrieved 8 January 2012.
- ↑ "Belgian Merchant A-G" (PDF). Belgische Koopvaardij. Retrieved 1 October 2010.