Andrew Cuomo
| Andrew Cuomo | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 56th Governor of New York | |
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office January 1, 2011 | |
| Lieutenant | Robert Duffy (2011–2014) Kathy Hochul (2015–present) |
| Preceded by | David Paterson |
| 64th Attorney General of New York | |
| In office January 1, 2007 – December 31, 2010 | |
| Governor | Eliot Spitzer David Paterson |
| Preceded by | Eliot Spitzer |
| Succeeded by | Eric Schneiderman |
| 11th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development | |
| In office January 29, 1997 – January 20, 2001 | |
| President | Bill Clinton |
| Preceded by | Henry Cisneros |
| Succeeded by | Mel Martinez |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Andrew Mark Cuomo December 6, 1957 New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | Kerry Kennedy (1990–2005) |
| Domestic partner | Sandra Lee (2005–present) |
| Children | Cara Michaela Mariah |
| Residence | Executive Mansion |
| Alma mater | Fordham University Albany Law School |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism[1] |
Andrew Mark Cuomo (/ˈkwoʊmoʊ/; born December 6, 1957) is an American politician who is the 56th and current Governor of New York. A member of the Democratic Party, Cuomo was elected in 2010, holding the same position his father, Mario Cuomo, held from 1983 to 1994.
Born in Queens, New York, he is a graduate of Fordham University and Albany Law School. Cuomo began his career working as campaign manager for his father then served as an assistant district attorney in New York City before entering private practice. He founded the Housing Enterprise for the Less Privileged and was appointed Chairman of the New York City Homeless Commission, where he served from 1990 to 1993.
Cuomo then joined the Clinton Administration in 1993 when he was appointed assistant secretary for Community Planning and Development in the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). He then served as Secretary of Housing and Urban Development from 1997 to 2001.
After a failed campaign for governor in 2002, Cuomo was elected to one term as Attorney General of New York in 2006; serving until 2011. After incumbent governor David Paterson was forced to drop out of his reelection campaign because of scandals, Cuomo was announced for the Democratic nomination in May 2010. He won in an uncontested primary and faced Republican Carl Paladino in the general election, where he won with 62% of the vote. During his first term, New York legalized same-sex marriage and toughened gun controls. Cuomo was elected to a second term in 2014.
Early life and education
Cuomo was born on December 6, 1957 in Queens, New York, the eldest son born to lawyer and later governor of New York, Mario Cuomo and Matilda (née Raffa).[2] His parents are both of Italian descent; his paternal grandparents were from Nocera Inferiore and Tramonti in South Italy, while his maternal grandparents were both from Sicily (his grandfather from Messina).[2][3] His younger brother is CNN journalist Chris Cuomo.[4]
He graduated from Saint Gerard's School in 1971 and Archbishop Molloy High School in 1975. He received his B.A. from Fordham University in 1979, and his J.D. from Albany Law School in 1982.
Early career
During his father's 1982 campaign for governor, he served as his campaign manager. He then joined the governor's staff as one of his father's top policy advisors and sometime-Albany roommate,[5] earning $1 a year.[6]
From 1984 to 1985, Cuomo was a New York assistant district attorney, and briefly worked at the law firm of Blutrich, Falcone & Miller. He founded Housing Enterprise for the Less Privileged (HELP) in 1986 and left his law firm to run HELP full-time in 1988.[6][7] From 1990 to 1993, during the administration of Mayor of New York City David Dinkins, Cuomo served as Chairman of the New York City Homeless Commission, which was charged with developing policies to address the homeless issue in the city and to develop more housing options.[8]
Secretary of HUD
Andrew Cuomo was appointed to the Department of Housing and Urban Development as Assistant Secretary for Community Planning and Development in 1993, a member of President Bill Clinton's administration.[9] After the departure of Secretary Henry Cisneros at the end of Clinton's first term under the cloud of an FBI investigation,[10] Cuomo succeeded him as Secretary of HUD in January 1997 after being unanimously confirmed by the United States Senate, serving until 2001 when Clinton's administration ended.[9]
In 2000, Cuomo led HUD efforts to negotiate an agreement with the United States' largest handgun manufacturer, Smith & Wesson, that required Smith & Wesson to change the design, distribution and marketing of guns to make them safer and to help keep them out of the hands of children and criminals.[9] Budgets enacted during his term contained initiatives to increase the supply of affordable housing and home ownership, and to create jobs and economic development. These included new rental assistance subsidies, reforms to integrate public housing, higher limits on mortgages insured by the Federal Housing Administration, a crackdown on housing discrimination, expanded programs to help homeless people get housing and jobs, and creation of new Empowerment Zones.
During Cuomo's tenure as HUD Secretary, he called for an increase in home ownership.[11] He also pushed government-sponsored lenders Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to buy more home loans issued to poor homeowners, in an attempt to end discrimination against minorities.[12] Some believe that this helped lead to the current subprime mortgage crisis.[7][11][13] Edward J. Pinto, former chief credit officer at Fannie Mae, said "they should have known the risks were large. Cuomo was pushing mortgage bankers to make loans and basically saying you have to offer a loan to everybody."[11] But others disagree with the assessment that Cuomo caused the crisis. Dean Baker, co-director of the Center for Economic and Policy Research, said Cuomo "was a contributor in terms of him being a cheerleader, but I don't think we can pin too much blame on him."[11]
According to libertarian author and critic James Bovard, Cuomo was obsessed with changing HUD's image, as Cuomo declared, "The PR is the important thing I do...Eighty percent of the battle is communications." He championed a new program called Community Builders, created without appropriation by Congress, for 800 new HUD employees with state-of-the-art computers to be paid as much as $100,000. In a June 16, 1999, speech, Cuomo declared that one purpose of the program was to fight against HUD's abolition. In August 1999, Community Builders distributed a letter to community groups to fight against proposed tax cuts. One HUD official declared that Community Builders were seen as "Democratic ward heelers who act as a pipeline between Democratic city officials, party leaders, and the administration and the Democratic National Committee." In 1998, Clinton-appointed HUD Inspector General Susan Gaffney testified to a Senate committee that she was the victim of "'escalating' attacks on her office by Cuomo and 'his key aides,' including cooked-up charges of racism, insubordination, malfeasance, and general dirty-dealing." In 1999, Gaffney's office concluded that "most (15 out of 19) Community Builders' goals were activities rather than actual accomplishments." and that Cuomo's initiatives "had a crippling effect on many of HUD's ongoing operations."[14] According to former Gov. Eliot Spitzer the Cuomo administration is hindered by Cuomo's reputation for being "the dirtiest, nastiest political player out there".[15]
2002 gubernatorial election
Cuomo first ran for the Democratic nomination for Governor in 2002. He was initially the favorite for nomination, and led in fund-raising and polls, but his campaign took serious damage after a gaffe when Cuomo said (in reference to the aftermath of the September 11 attacks) "Pataki stood behind the leader. He held the leader's coat. He was a great assistant to the leader. But he was not a leader. Cream rises to the top, and Rudy Giuliani rose to the top." His remarks were widely derided, and even his father, former governor Mario Cuomo, later admitted it was a blunder.[16]
On the eve of the state convention, Cuomo withdrew from consideration after concluding that he had little chance of support as opposed to the favored party candidate, State Comptroller Carl McCall.[17] McCall went on to lose the general election to George Pataki.
New York Attorney General
Election
Cuomo declared his candidacy for the Democratic nomination for New York State Attorney General in 2006, and on May 30, 2006, captured the Democratic Party's endorsement, receiving 65% of the delegates. Though Cuomo won the endorsement, former New York City Public Advocate Mark J. Green, two-time candidate for lieutenant governor Charlie King, also earned places on the Democratic ballot.[18] King dropped out of the race before the primary and endorsed Cuomo.[19]
Cuomo won the primary with a majority of the vote, defeating his nearest opponent by over 20%. Clinching the Democratic party nomination was considered a significant rebound following his unsuccessful and unpopular 2002 gubernatorial campaign and at the nominating convention, June O'Neill, the Democratic chairwoman of St. Lawrence County, called him "New York's own Comeback Kid."[18] He won the general election against the Republican nominee, former Westchester District attorney, Jeanine Pirro on November 7, 2006, winning 58% of the vote.
Tenure
Police surveillance
On July 23, 2007, Cuomo's office admonished the Spitzer administration for ordering the State Police to keep special records of then-Senate majority leader Joseph L. Bruno's whereabouts when he traveled with police escorts in New York City.[20] At the discretion of top officials of the Spitzer administration, the New York State Police created documents meant to cause political damage to Bruno.[21] Spitzer responded by accepting responsibility and issuing an apology to Bruno.[20][22]
Student loan inquiry
In 2007, Cuomo was active in a high-profile investigation into lending practices and anti-competitive relationships between student lenders and universities. Specifically, many universities steered student borrowers to a "preferred lender," which resulted in the borrowers' incurring higher interest rates. This led to changes in lending policy at many major American universities. Many universities also rebated millions of dollars in fees back to affected borrowers.[23][24]
Usenet
On June 10, 2008, Cuomo announced that three major Internet service providers (Verizon Communications, Time Warner Cable, and Sprint) would "shut down major sources of online child pornography" by no longer hosting many Usenet groups. Time Warner Cable ceased offering Usenet altogether, Sprint ended access to the 18,408 newsgroups in the alt.* hierarchy, and Verizon limited its Usenet offerings to the approximately 3,000 Big 8 newsgroups. The move came after Cuomo's office located 88 different newsgroups to which child pornography had been posted.[25][26][27]
U.S. Senate
After Hillary Rodham Clinton became President Obama's choice for U.S. Secretary of State, Governor David Paterson was charged with appointing a temporary replacement until a special election. Cuomo was seen as a leading contender for this appointment.[28][29] Caroline Kennedy (also the first cousin of Cuomo's ex-wife) was another leading contender, but withdrew for personal reasons two days before Paterson was set to announce his choice, leaving Cuomo and US Representative Kirsten Gillibrand as the most likely appointees.[29][30] On January 23, Paterson announced he would appoint Gillibrand to the Seat.[31]
Governor of New York
Elections
2010
On September 18, 2009, advisors to President Barack Obama informed Governor David Paterson that the President believed he should withdraw his 2010 gubernatorial candidacy, stepping aside for "popular Attorney General Andrew Cuomo."[32] On January 23, 2010, the New York Daily News reported that Cuomo would announce plans for a gubernatorial campaign at the end of March.[33] Later reports indicated Cuomo would announce his gubernatorial campaign coinciding with the state Democratic Convention in late May.[34] On May 22, 2010, Cuomo announced his run for Governor in a video posted to his campaign website. Cuomo announced his choice for Lt. Governor on May 26, 2010: Mayor of Rochester, Robert Duffy.[35]
In the November 2, 2010, general election, Cuomo faced Republican Carl Paladino, a Buffalo-based businessman who had been heavily supported by the Tea Party movement. Cuomo won the election for Governor by a landslide, winning 62.6% of the vote. Paladino performed strongly in his native Buffalo area, while Cuomo performed well in the Eastern part of the state as well as downstate.[36]
2014
On March 5, 2014, Westchester County Executive Rob Astorino announced that he would run on the Republican ticket against Cuomo for governor.[37] Law professors Zephyr Teachout and Tim Wu mounted an under-financed but spirited challenge to the Cuomo–Hochul ticket in the Democratic primary election[38][39]—capturing 34% of the vote on the gubernatorial line (Wu drew 40.1% as lieutenant governor[40]).[41] On November 4, 2014, Cuomo was re-elected for a second term with 54% of the vote,[42][43] compared to Astorino's 40.6%.[44]
Tenure
Cuomo took the gubernatorial oath of office at 12:01 a.m. on January 1, 2011, succeeding David Paterson.[45][46] During his first year as governor, Cuomo worked to pass an on-time budget[47][48] that cut spending without raising taxes,[49][50] made a new deal with a large state-employee union,[51] signed ethics reform legislation,[52] passed a property tax cap,[53] worked to enact a same-sex marriage bill with bipartisan support,[54][55] and restructured New York's tax code.[56][57] There has been media speculation about a 2016 presidential run.[58][59]
Same-sex marriage
In keeping with a campaign promise, Cuomo signed same-sex marriage legislation on June 24, 2011, following an "intense public and private lobbying campaign."[60] After same-sex marriage legislation passed the New York State Senate, Cuomo remarked, "The other states look to New York for the progressive direction... What we said today is, you look to New York once again. New York made a powerful statement, not just for the people of New York, but for people all across this nation."[60] In a post-vote press release, he added, "New York has finally torn down the barrier that has prevented same-sex couples from exercising the freedom to marry and from receiving the fundamental protections that so many couples and families take for granted... With the world watching, the Legislature, by a bipartisan vote, has said that all New Yorkers are equal under the law. With this vote, marriage equality will become a reality in our state, delivering long overdue fairness and legal security to thousands of New Yorkers."[60]
Cuomo was lauded for his efforts to pass same-sex marriage legislation.[61][62][63] One prominent same-sex marriage advocate stated that "for gay Americans, Mr. Cuomo was "the only national politician with hero status."[62] In the fall of 2011, Cuomo made a speech calling for all states to legalize same-sex marriage; Cuomo stated that "We need marriage equality in every state in this nation... Otherwise, no state really has marriage equality, and we will not rest until it is a reality."[63] Following the passage of the Marriage Equality Act, Cuomo was criticized for describing the viewpoints of same-sex marriage opponents as being "anti-American."[64][65] On July 25, 2011, a lawsuit was filed in the New York Supreme Court seeking an injunction against the Marriage Equality Act, alleging corruption and violations of the law in the process of passing the bill.[66] The trial court held that the plaintiffs' case could proceed, stating that "clear arm-twisting by the Executive on the Legislative permeate[d the] entire process" by which the same-sex marriage law was passed.[67] But on appeal, the Appellate Division reversed the trial court's decision, holding, "It is ADJUDGED and DECLARED that defendant New York State Senate did not violate the Open Meetings Law (Public Officers Law art. 7) in enacting the Marriage Equality Act (L. 2011, ch. 95, § 3) and that marriages performed thereunder are not invalid."[68]
Taxes
Cuomo received accolades for his 2011 restructuring of the New York State tax code.[69][70][71] Cuomo also received criticism for including tax increases for high earners,[72][73] and for allegedly requesting a unanimous Assembly vote in favor of the proposal and threatening to campaign against Assembly members who voted "no"[74] – a charge Cuomo denied.[74] Cuomo also received criticism from voices on the left who felt that the Governor's tax reform was not far-reaching enough.[73]
Gun control
On January 15, 2013, Cuomo signed into law the first state gun control bill to pass after the December 14, 2012, Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting in neighboring Connecticut.[75] The NY SAFE Act was described as the toughest gun control law in the United States.[76] The act came under criticism, and the National Rifle Association called it draconian. The New York State Sheriffs' Association issued a statement supporting tougher penalties for illegal use of firearms, but criticizing several aspects of the legislation, including a magazine limit of seven rounds and a "too broad" definition of assault weapons.[77]
On July 5, 2013, Cuomo signed an amendment to the NY SAFE Act that exempts retired police officers from some of the act's ownership restrictions.[78]
Hurricane Sandy
After Hurricane Sandy's wrath of October 29–31, 2012, which was to go on record as the deadliest and most destructive storm of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season, many New York residents had homes damaged beyond habitability. Governor Cuomo worked closely with President Barack Obama and with Governor Chris Christie of New Jersey, which was even more hard-hit, to come to their aid. Cuomo allowed New York voters, via a specific provision aimed at accommodating those displaced, to cast provisional ballots for the 2012 election anywhere in New York state. "Just because you're displaced doesn't mean you should be disenfranchised.", Cuomo said.[79] He also appointed a commission to examine the responses of New York utilities to damage caused by the storm.[80]
Controversy erupted when the Cuomo administration used $140 million, including $40 million of federal disaster relief funds, to pay for the broadcast of national TV ads promoting "New New York" slogans outside New York in an attempt to attract new business investment to the state.[81][82] Many have been critical of the effort, including former New York governor Eliot Spitzer, who called the ads "fluff" and "a waste of taxpayer money". [81]
Hydraulic fracturing
In June 2012, the Cuomo administration said it was considering lifting a state ban on the practice of hydraulic fracturing (also known as "fracking")[83] to stimulate the economy in upstate New York. But critics said that fracking in Upstate New York could contaminate the water supply of New York City, New Jersey and parts of Pennsylvania.[84][85] Following a long-awaited study started years earlier, New York State health officials cited “significant public health risks” associated with fracking, and on December 17th, 2014, the Cuomo administration announced a ban of hydraulic fracturing in New York State.[86]
Public employees
On July 16, 2011, Cuomo finalized a five-year deal with the Public Employees Federation to end pay raises, implement furlough days, and require additional contributions to health insurance accounts.[87] In an interview with The New York Times, Cuomo stated his top goal in 2012 is the reduction of public employee pensions.[88]
Support for declared disaster areas
In 2009, a flash flood devastated the village of Gowanda, New York, causing two deaths. Four-foot-deep flood waters swept through the village, causing significant damage.[89][90] The village was declared both a state and federal disaster area.[89][90] In January 2014, Cuomo announced the award of $700,000 in compensation monies for the village from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) as a result of the flood.[89][90] In making the announcement, Cuomo said:
This funding will go a long way to offset recovery costs incurred by the village of Gowanda when it was struck by severe flooding in August 2009. After several years of advocating for FEMA to release this funding, I am pleased that the village is receiving this long-overdue and deserved support. This will allow Gowanda to move on from the damage that was incurred, and continue to reimagine their community for the new reality of extreme weather.[89][90]
Governing style
His approach has been described by the press as "muscular." Tom Libous, the Republican State Senate deputy majority leader said, in 2013, "When I share something he doesn't like, he gets very quiet. He stares at you."[5]
Controversy
Remarks about conservatives
In a January 17, 2014, interview with Susan Arbetter on WCNY's The Capital Pressroom, Cuomo stated,
[New York Republicans] are searching to define their soul, that's what's going on. Is the Republican party in this state a moderate party or is it an extreme conservative party?... The Republican Party candidates are running against the SAFE Act — it was voted for by moderate Republicans who run the Senate! Their problem is not me and the Democrats; their problem is themselves. Who are they? Are they these extreme conservatives who are right-to-life, pro-assault-weapon, anti-gay? Is that who they are? Because if that's who they are and they're the extreme conservatives, they have no place in the state of New York, because that's not who New Yorkers are. If they're moderate Republicans like in the Senate right now, who control the Senate — moderate Republicans have a place in their state. George Pataki was governor of this state as a moderate Republican, but not what you're hearing from them on the far right.[91]
This remark has received a major reaction in the conservative media. Radio host Glenn Beck wrote a letter to the governor regarding the remarks from the interview.[92] Fox News contributor and radio/TV show host, Sean Hannity mentioned emigrating along with all of his assets from the state if the governor does not apologize from the remarks.[93] Cardinal Timothy M. Dolan, the Archbishop of New York, said during a radio broadcast that the governor's remarks were "most unfortunate at best. Are there pro-lifers who are extremist? Yes, there are. But I think they are a distinct minority."[94]
The New York State Democratic Committee supported Cuomo's remarks and reiterated them in a May 2014 statement responding to a speech by Rob Astorino, who was running against him in the 2014 gubernatorial election: "Tea Party Republicans have done enough damage in Washington, today's speech made it abundantly clear that we don't need them here in New York."[95]
Moreland Commission
In July 2014 it was reported that the Moreland Commission, a committee established by Cuomo to root out corruption in politics, was directed away from investigations that could be politically damaging.[96] Cuomo later abruptly and controversially disbanded the Commission.[96]
Personal life
Cuomo married Kerry Kennedy, the seventh child of Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Skakel Kennedy, in 1991. They had three children: Cara, Michaela and Mariah Cuomo. They separated in 2003 and divorced in 2005. In 2011, he began living with Food Network host Sandra Lee. The two reside in Westchester County, New York.[1][97][98][99]
Published works
Andrew M. Cuomo, All Things Possible: Setbacks and Success in Politics and Life, New York: Harper, 2014. ISBN 978-0-06-230008-9.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Gibson, David (January 7, 2011). "Andrew Cuomo Takes Communion and Revives the 'Good Catholic' Debate". Politics Daily. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Blauner, Peter (February 13, 1989). "All Star Family Feud: The Governor's In-Laws Battle Over a Father's Legacy". New York. Retrieved December 6, 2010.
- ↑ Michael Arena; Marianne Arneberg (October 20, 1988). "Cuomo's Father-in-Law Dies". Newsday. Retrieved November 24, 2012.
- ↑ Barbaro, Michael (November 23, 2010). "All That Time Serving the Public? Very Sexy". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 25, 2010. Retrieved December 6, 2010.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Smith, Chris, "The Albany Machiavelli," New York, April 22, 2013.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 O'Shaughnessy, Patrice (September 27, 2009). "Andrew Cuomo: From Horror on the Hudson to Democrats' chosen son". Daily News (New York). Retrieved December 6, 2010.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Andrew Cuomo bio box". The Ithaca Journal. October 23, 2010. Retrieved November 13, 2010.
- ↑ Romano, Anne (2010). Italian Americans In Law Enforcement. Bloomington, IN: Xlibris, Corp. p. 61. ISBN 1453558802. Retrieved May 12, 2013.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "Andrew M. Cuomo". Archives, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
- ↑ Evans, Judith (November 30, 1996). "HUD's Cisneros to Leave a Legacy of Public Housing Reform". The Washington Post. p. E01. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Phil Fairbanks (August 21, 2010). "Cuomo's HUD career under scrutiny". The Buffalo News. Archived from the original on August 25, 2010. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
- ↑ David M. Halbfinger and Michael Powell (August 23, 2010). "As HUD Chief, Cuomo Earns a Mixed Score". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 27, 2010. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
- ↑ Wayne Barrett (August 5, 2008). "Andrew Cuomo and Fannie and Freddie". The Village Voice. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
- ↑ James Bovard (2000). Feeling Your Pain: The Explosion and Abuse Of Government Power in the Clinton-Gore Years. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 182–184. 0-312-23082-6.
- ↑ "Dirtiest Politician". Wall Street Journal.
- ↑ Dreher, Rod (September 4, 2002). "Where the Son Doesn't Follow". National Review. Archived from the original on September 10, 2002.
- ↑ Schneider, Bill (September 6, 2002). "Let a political connection be your umbrella?". Inside Politics (CNN). Archived from the original on March 19, 2005.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Hicks, Jonathan P. (May 31, 2006). "Cuomo Wins Democrats' Backing in Primary Race for Attorney General". The New York Times. Retrieved July 23, 2007.
- ↑ Benjamin, Elizabeth (February 26, 2010). "Sharpton Praises Paterson, Won't Endorse Cuomo Today". Daily News (New York). Archived from the original on March 3, 2010.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Hakim, Danny (July 23, 2007). "Spitzer's Staff Misused Police, Report Finds". The New York Times. Retrieved July 24, 2007.
- ↑ Matthews, Cara (July 23, 2007). "Cuomo: Spitzer aides used state police to try to damage Bruno". The Ithaca Journal. Retrieved July 24, 2007.
- ↑ Goldenberg, Sally (July 23, 2007). "Report: Governor's office compiled, leaked data on Bruno". Staten Island Advance. Retrieved July 24, 2007.
- ↑ "Cuomo: School loan corruption widespread". USA Today. April 10, 2007. Retrieved April 8, 2008.
- ↑ Lederman, Doug (May 15, 2007). "The First Casualty". Inside Higher Education. Retrieved April 8, 2008.
- ↑ Rosencrance, Lisa. "3 top ISPs to block access to sources of child porn." Computer World. June 8, 2008. Retrieved September 23, 2010.
- ↑ DeJean, David. "Usenet: Not Dead Yet." PC World. Tuesday October 7, 2008. 2. Retrieved September 23, 2010.
- ↑ McCullagh, Declan (June 10, 2008). "N.Y. attorney general forces ISPs to curb Usenet access". CNET News. Retrieved April 28, 2009.
- ↑ Chan, Sewell; Richard Pérez-Peña (January 22, 2007). "If Clinton Should Win, Who Would Take Her Place?". The New York Times. Retrieved November 23, 2008.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 Hakim, Danny (October 4, 2007). "Wishing and Hoping for Clinton's Seat". The New York Times. Retrieved November 23, 2008.
- ↑ Hakim, Danny (November 21, 2008). "New York Weighs Options to Fill the Seat of Senator Clinton". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 10, 2008. Retrieved November 23, 2008.
- ↑ Silverleib, Alan (January 23, 2009). "N.Y. governor names Clinton successor". CNN. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
- ↑ "Obama cordial but cool to Gov. David Paterson". Newsday. September 21, 2009. Retrieved May 16, 2010.
- ↑ Molloy, Joanna (January 23, 2010). "Source says Andrew Cuomo will announce plans to run for New York Governor in March". Daily News (New York). Archived from the original on January 27, 2010. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
- ↑ Goldman, Henry (May 30, 2005). "Cuomo Said to Wait for N.Y. Convention to Declare Governor Run". Bloomberg. Retrieved May 16, 2010.
- ↑ "Cuomo Names Mayor Duffy as Running Mate". Your News Now (YNN) Rochester. May 26, 2010. Retrieved February 18, 2012.
- ↑ "Long Islanders put Paladino to test as their cup of tea," Buffalo News, September 12, 2010.
- ↑ McKinley, Jesse (March 5, 2014). "Westchester Leader Opens Bid to Deny Cuomo a Second Term". The New York Times. Retrieved March 26, 2014.
- ↑ "Cuomo Spent Nearly 40 Times More Than Teachout To Win Primary," DSWright, Firedoglake Blog, 10 Sept 2014
- ↑ http://www.wnyc.org/story/election-night-stub/
- ↑ http://project.wnyc.org/election2014-ny-state/
- ↑ Zephyr Teachout's primary election loss has air of a victory party, Annie Karni, NYTimes, 10 Sept. 2014
- ↑ Kaplan, Thomas (November 4, 2014). "Andrew Cuomo Is Re-elected New York Governor, but Loses Clout". New York Times. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
- ↑ http://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Election-Day-2014-New-York-Governor-Andrew-Cuomo-Rob-Astorino-Vote-281478431.html
- ↑ http://project.wnyc.org/election2014/
- ↑ Hakim, Danny (December 31, 2010). "Cuomo Is Sworn In as New York's Governor". The New York Times. Retrieved January 1, 2011.
- ↑ Gershman, Jacob (January 2, 2011). "Cuomo Takes Office, Calls New York State's Reputation a 'National Joke'". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on January 26, 2011. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
- ↑ Kaplan, Thomas (March 31, 2011). "Albany Approves Budget, With Time to Spare". The New York Times.
- ↑ Scott, Brendan; Dicker, Fredric U. (March 31, 2011). "Amazing! State pols OK budget on time". New York Post.
- ↑ Lovett, Kenneth; Blain, Glenn (March 27, 2011). "Cuomo, lawmakers reach New York State budget deal, agreeing on 2% cut in spending and no new taxes". Daily News (New York).
- ↑ "Cuomo Praises Lawmakers In Video Victory Lap". Capitaltonight.com. March 31, 2011. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ↑ Kaplan, Thomas (November 3, 2011). "Public Employees Union Accepts Cuomo's Contract Deal to Avert Layoffs". The New York Times.
- ↑ Hamilton, Colby. "Cuomo signs ethics reform into law – WNYC". Empire.wnyc.org. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ↑ "Governor Cuomo Signs Historic Property Tax Cap Legislation In Nassau County | Governor Andrew M. Cuomo". Governor.ny.gov. June 30, 2011. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ↑ Baum, Geraldine (June 25, 2011). "Gay marriage fight shows N.Y. Gov. Andrew Cuomo is no rookie". Los Angeles Times.
- ↑ Smith, Chris. "Gay Marriage All Goes According to Andrew Cuomo's Plan – Daily Intel". New York. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ↑ "Assembly (Finally) Passes Tax Package". Daily News (New York).
- ↑ Lovett, Kenneth (December 6, 2011). "Cuomo announces sweeping tax deal". Daily News (New York).
- ↑ "Andrew Cuomo 2016 speculation heating up – Edward-Isaac Dovere and Maggie Haberman". Politico.Com. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ↑ "Cuomo jumpstarts 2016 speculation". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. June 25, 2011.
- ↑ 60.0 60.1 60.2 Epstein, Reid (June 24, 2011). "Cuomo signs New York gay marriage bill". Politico. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
- ↑ "Gossip". Daily News (New York).
- ↑ 62.0 62.1 Kaplan, Thomas (December 1, 2011). "Cuomo Fund Fills With Money From Thankful Gay Donors". The New York Times.
- ↑ 63.0 63.1 Kaplan, Thomas (October 27, 2011). "Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo Calls for Same-Sex Marriage in All States". The New York Times.
- ↑ Bolcer, Julie (October 25, 2011). "Gay Marriage Opponents Want Apology from Cuomo". The Advocate. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ↑ "Burling: Cuomo "Doesn't Scare Me" | Politics on the Hudson". Polhudson.lohudblogs.com. December 9, 2011. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ↑ "Lawsuit filed over New York same-sex marriage law". Cnn.com. July 25, 2011. Retrieved December 5, 2011.
- ↑ Kaplan, Thomas (November 29, 2011). "Judge Says Lawsuit Against Gay Marriage Law in New York May Proceed". The New York Times.
- ↑ New Yorkers for Constitutional Freedoms v. New York State Senate, 98 A.D.3d 285, 297, 948 N.Y.S.2d 787, 797 leave to appeal denied, 19 N.Y.3d 814, 979 N.E.2d 813 (2012)
- ↑ "Capitol Confidential » Tax code agreement React-O-Mat". Blog.timesunion.com. December 6, 2011. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ↑ "Bronx Pols Get Behind Cuomo's Tax Plan". Norwood News. December 7, 2011. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ↑ Associated Press. "Governor Andrew Cuomo hears hosannas for New York deal on tax reform". SILive.com. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ↑ McMahon, E.J. (December 5, 2011). "Andrew's lip service". New York Post.
- ↑ 73.0 73.1 Kaplan, Thomas (December 6, 2011). "Albany Tax Deal to Raise Rate for Highest Earners". The New York Times. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ↑ 74.0 74.1 JIMMY VIELKIND, Capitol bureau (December 8, 2011). "Governor to Assembly GOP: Vote for tax code unanimously or risk seats". Times Union. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ↑ Glaser, Howard (January 15, 2013). "Cuomo Gun Safety Legislation Passes NY State Senate With Bipartisan Support, Assembly Action Today". The Huffington Post. Retrieved January 25, 2013.
- ↑ Walshe, Shushannah (January 15, 2013). "New York Passes Nation's Toughest Gun-Control Law". ABC News. Retrieved January 16, 2013.
- ↑ "Sheriff's response to NY SAFE Act". New York State Sheriff's Association.
- ↑ Weaver, Teri (July 15, 2013). "Gov. Andrew Cuomo signs amendment to NY Safe Act allowing exceptions for retired police". The Post-Standard (Syracuse, New York). Retrieved July 8, 2013.
- ↑ David Halbfinger, Thomas Kaplan, and Wendy Ruderman (November 5, 2012). "Officials Rush to Find Ways for the Storm-Tossed to Vote". The New York Times. Retrieved January 22, 2013.
- ↑ "Suffering on Long Island as Power Agency Shows Its Flaws". The New York Times. November 13, 2012. Retrieved June 23, 2013.
- ↑ 81.0 81.1 Hakim, Danny. "Ad Effort Selling State as a Business Haven Is Criticized". New York Times. Retrieved June 4, 2013.
- ↑ Johnson, Eliana (May 6, 2013). "Andrew Cuomo Launches Ad Campaign to Lure Businesses to N.Y.". The National Review. Retrieved June 4, 2013.
- ↑ "Fracklash". New York magazine. September 10, 2012.
- ↑ "Stop fracking, and save our water, land, and air!". nofracking.com. September 16, 2014.
- ↑ Campbell, J. (February 18, 2014). "Hearing on NY energy plan attracts fracking critics". Democrat & Chronicle.
- ↑ Kaplan, Thomas. (December 17, 2014). "Citing Health Risks, Cuomo Bans Fracking in New York State". The New York Times.
- ↑ Kaplan, Thomas (July 17, 2011). "Union Yields on Benefits in Deal With Cuomo". The New York Times. pp. A16.
- ↑ Kaplan, Thomas; Barbaro, Michael (July 14, 2011). "Cuomo Says Curbing Public Pension Benefits Will Be His Top Goal in '12". The New York Times. pp. A20.
- ↑ 89.0 89.1 89.2 89.3 "Gowanda to receive $700K in FEMA funding". The Post-Journal (Jamestown, NY). January 31, 2014. Retrieved February 3, 2014.
- ↑ 90.0 90.1 90.2 90.3 "Over $700K going to Gowanda". The Observer (Dunkirk, NY). January 31, 2014. Retrieved February 10, 2014.
- ↑ Capitol Confidential » Cuomo: 'Extreme conservatives … have no place in the state of New York'
- ↑ Glenn Beck's Open Letter to Gov. Cuomo: Are We Welcome in New York? | TheBlaze.com
- ↑ Is Sean Hannity really leaving New York after Gov. Cuomo's anti|conservative comments? | OTR Interviews | On the Record | Fox News
- ↑ McKinley, J. (January 22, 2014). "Comment by Cuomo outrages Republicans". The New York Times.
- ↑ Reisman, Nick (May 15, 2014). Democrats blast Astorino speech. Time Warner Cable News. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
- ↑ 96.0 96.1 Craig, Susanne (July 24, 2014). "Cuomo's Office Hobbled Ethics Inquiries by Moreland Commission". The New York Times. Retrieved September 16, 2014.
- ↑ Blain, Glenn (January 2, 2011). "On second day in office, Cuomo attends church with daughters and Sandra Lee". Daily News (New York). Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ↑ Fermino, Jennifer (January 3, 2011). "Cuomo's gal talks about life as the governor's girlfriend". New York Post. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ↑ Sandra Lee and Gov. Andrew Cuomo Have Family Dinners at Home : People.com
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Andrew Cuomo. |
- Governor Andrew M. Cuomo official New York government site
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