Andrea della Valle

For the Italian businessman, see Andrea Della Valle. For the church in Rome, see Sant'Andrea della Valle.
Supporting figure (telamon) of Pan, called a "Della Valle Satyr"

Cardinal Andrea della Valle (29 November 1463, Rome – 3 August 1534) was an Italian clergyman and art collector.

Of an ancient family of Roman nobles whose family tomb is in Santa Maria in Aracoeli, he was elected bishop of Crotone in 1496. In 1503-05 he directed the Apostolic Chancery, and served as Apostolic secretary during the pontificate of Pope Julius II. He was transferred to the titular diocese of Miletus in 1508, which he resigned in favor of his nephew Quinzio Rustici on 26 November 1523. He participated in the Fifth Lateran Council, 1512, and was created cardinal priest in the consistory of 1 July 1517. He participated in the conclaves of 1521-22 and 1523. As archpriest of the patriarchal Liberian basilica (1520) he ceremonially opened and closed the Holy Door in the Jubilee Year of 1525.

Cardinal della Valle is best remembered, however, as the collector of one of the first collections of Roman antiquities that marked the High Renaissance. He inherited some antiquities, which had been collected by the della Valle in the previous century, according to Vasari.[1] and eagerly acquired more. Inspired by the Cortile del Belvedere, in 1520 he commissioned the Rafaellesque sculptor architect Lorenzetto Lotti to create a suitable setting for the sculptures and inscriptions and other antiquities that he had amassed, the result of a generation of rediscoveries at the turn of the 16th century. On the main floor of the palazzo's new second inner courtyard the sculptures were displayed in a sort of loggia, described by Giorgio Vasari as a hortus pensilis or hanging garden (giardino di sopra) that included planted raised boxes and an aviary, which "blurred the distinction between garden and courtyard," with inscriptions inviting peace, relaxation and thought, an invocation of rus in urbe.[2] The architectural framing and the great care with which the ensemble was presented— as decorative as it was scholarly, evoking Classical harmony, symmetry and equilibrium, was a model for other Roman collections.[3] Many visitors left written impressions during the 16th century, and more than one artist made sketches.

Cardinal Andrea della Valle's courtyard, engraving by Hieronymus Cock

Martin Heemskerck's early drawing of the loggia,[4] showing the two famous armless satyrs supporting baskets on their heads, set against the piers of the arches, was etched by Hieronymus Cock in 1558 and circulated among connoisseurs of the Antique. Here, in the serene and ordered presentation that was eventually developed in the 1520s and 30s by Lorenzetto— Heemskerk's drawing still shows a picturesque disorder— were undertaken the first systematic restorations and completions of Roman sculptural fragments,[5] work that, according to Vasari's anecdotes, had occasionally been undertaken piecemeal for the Medici by Donatello and Verrocchio, but which became common practice and developed into a Roman industry during the sixteenth century; Vasari, following his description of della Valle's antiquities, remarks, "And to tell the truth, these antiquities restored in this manner have much more grace than those mutilated trunks, members without heads or figures defective and incomplete in any other way".[6]

At his death the Palazzo Valle passed to his nephew, Camillo Capranica, of another antiquities-collecting family and gained the name Palazzo Valle-Capranica, while the collection was housed separately, in the palazzo of bishop Bruto Della Valle;[7] there it was inspected by Gabriele Simeoni in 1557, who left descriptions in French and Italian.[8] In 1584 the combined collection was purchased en bloc by Cardinal Ferdinand de' Medici and dispersed among various Medici dwellings, mostly at the Villa de Medici in Rome, but transferred in part to Florence, where della Valle sculptures can be seen today in the Palazzo Pitti and the Boboli Gardens, in the Uffizi and at the Medici villa at Poggio Imperiale.

A theatre was built in the Cardinal's courtyard, which gave its name to the via Teatro Valle.

References

  1. ↑ Vasari, Vite...
  2. ↑ William Stenhouse, "Visitors, Display, and Reception in the Antiquity Collections of Late-Renaissance Rome" Renaissance Quarterly, 58.2 (Summer 2005:397-434) p. 402.
  3. ↑ Kathleen Wren Christian, "The della Valle sculpture court rediscovered," The Burlington Magazine 145 (2003:847-50).
  4. ↑ Heemskerk's pen-and-ink drawing, in the Kupferstichkabinett, Berlin, is fig 6, p. 12 of Francis Haskell and Nicholas Penny, Taste and the Antique: The Lure of Classical Sculpture, 1500-1900 (Yale University Press) 1981.
  5. ↑ Haskell and Penny 1981:103.
  6. ↑ Quoted in Phoebe Dent Weil, "Contributions toward a History of Sculpture Techniques: 1. Orfeo Boselli on the Restoration of Antique Sculpture," Studies in Conservation 12.3 (August 1967, pp. 81-101) p 83.
  7. ↑ The complicated division of properties was discussed by Christian Hülsen, in a review of Paul Gustav Hübner, Le statue di Roma in Göttingische gelehrte Anzeigen 1914:306-09, noted by Stenhouse 2005:408 note 34.
  8. ↑ Simeoni, Les illustres observations antiques Lyon, 1558, and Illustrazione de gli epitaffe et medaglie antichi, Lyons, 1558..