Andradite

Andradite

single crystal (4.2cm) - Diakon, Nioro du Sahel Circle, Kayes Region, Mali
General
Category Garnet group
Formula
(repeating unit)
Ca3Fe2(SiO4)3
Strunz classification 09.AD.25
Crystal symmetry Isometric 4/m 3 2/m
Unit cell a = 12.056 Å; Z = 8
Identification
Color Yellow, greenish yellow to emerald-green, dark green; brown, brownish red, brownish yellow; grayish black, black; may be sectored
Crystal habit Commonly well-crystallized dodecahedra, trapezohedra, or combinations, also granular to massive
Crystal system Cubic - Hexoctahedral
Cleavage none
Fracture conchoidal to uneven
Tenacity Brittle
Mohs scale hardness 6.5 to 7
Luster Adamantine to resinous, dull
Streak White
Diaphaneity Transparent to translucent
Specific gravity 3.859 calculated; 3.8 - 3.9 measured
Optical properties Isotropic, typically weakly anisotropic
Refractive index n = 1.887
Absorption spectra demantoid - 440nm band or complete absorption at 440nm and below, may also have lines at 618, 634, 685, 690nm [1]
References [1][2][3][4]
Major varieties
Demantoid transparent light to dark green to yellow-green
Melanite opaque black
Topazolite transparent to translucent yellow, may show chatoyancy

Andradite is a species of the garnet group. It is a nesosilicate, with formula Ca3Fe2Si3O12.

Andradite includes three varieties:

It was first described in 1868 for an occurrence in Drammen, Buskerud, Norway.[3][2][6] Andradite was named after the Brazilian statesman, naturalist, professor and poet José Bonifácio de Andrade e Silva (1763–1838).[2][6]

Occurrence

Black crystals of andradite : melanite

It occurs in skarns developed in contact metamorphosed impure limestones or calcic igneous rocks; in chlorite schists and serpentinites and in alkalic igneous rocks (typically titaniferous). Associated minerals include vesuvianite, chlorite, epidote, spinel, calcite, dolomite and magnetite.[2] It is found in Italy, the Ural Mountains of Russia, Arizona and California and in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast in Ukraine.

As the other garnets andradite crystallizes in the cubic space group Ia3d, with unit-cell parameter of 12.051 Å at 100 K.[7]

The spin structure of andradite contains two mutually canted equivalent antiferromagnetic sublattices [8] below the Néel temperature (TN=11 K [9]).

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Gemological Institute of America, GIA Gem Reference Guide 1995, ISBN 0-87311-019-6
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Handbook of Mineralogy
  3. 3.0 3.1 Andradite, Mindat.org
  4. Webmineral data
  5. Melanite, Mindat.org
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Grande, Lance; Augustyn, Allison (2009). Gems and Gemstones: Timeless Natural Beauty of the Mineral World. University of Chicago Press. pp. 188–91. ISBN 978-0-226-30511-0.
  7. Thomas Armbruster and Charles A. Geiger (1993): "Andradite crystal chemistry, dynamic X-site disorder and structural strain in silicate garnets." European Journal of Mineralogy v. 5, no. 1, p. 59-71.
  8. Danylo Zherebetskyy (2010). Quantum mechanical first principles calculations of the electronic and magnetic structure of Fe-bearing rock-forming silicates, PhD Thesis, Universal Publishers/Dissertation.com, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, p. 136. ISBN 1-59942-316-2.
  9. Enver Murad (1984): "Magnetic ordering in andradite." American Mineralogist 69, no. 7-8; pp. 722-24.