Anaxyrus
| Anaxyrus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Woodhouse's toad (Anaxyrus woodhousii) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Bufonidae |
| Genus: | Anaxyrus |
| Species | |
|
See text. | |
Anaxyrus is a genus of true toads native to North and Central America. Some authors have recognized Anaxyrus as a subgenus, but this makes the rest of Bufo paraphyletic.[1][2]
The meaning of the name was not explained by its author, Tschudi. It is speculated to be composed of the Greek anax (‘leader, chief’) and urus (‘tail’); or of the privative prefix an- and axyr (‘being cut’, ‘an anchor’) or ax (‘axel’) [3]
Species
| Binomial name | Discovered by, year | Common name |
|---|---|---|
| Anaxyrus americanus ↔ Bufo americanus | Holbrook, 1836 | American toad |
| Anaxyrus baxteri ↔ Bufo baxteri | Porter, 1968 | Wyoming toad |
| Anaxyrus boreas ↔ Bufo boreas | Baird and Girard, 1852 | Western toad |
| Anaxyrus californicus ↔ Bufo californicus | Camp, 1915 | Arroyo toad |
| Anaxyrus canorus ↔ Bufo canorus | Camp, 1916 | Yosemite toad |
| Anaxyrus cognatus ↔ Bufo cognatus | Say, 1823 | Great Plains toad |
| Anaxyrus compactilis ↔ Bufo compactilis | Wiegmann, 1833 | Plateau toad, Texas toad |
| Anaxyrus debilis ↔ Bufo debilis | Girard, 1854 | Green toad |
| Anaxyrus exsul ↔ Bufo exsul | Myers, 1942 | Black toad |
| Anaxyrus fowleri ↔ Bufo fowleri | Hinckley, 1882 | Fowler's toad |
| Anaxyrus hemiophrys ↔ Bufo hemiophrys | Cope, 1886 | Canadian toad |
| Anaxyrus houstonensis ↔ Bufo houstonensis | Sanders, 1953 | Houston toad |
| Anaxyrus kelloggi ↔ Bufo kelloggi | Taylor, 1938 | Little Mexican toad |
| Anaxyrus mexicanus ↔ Bufo mexicanus | Brocchi, 1879 | Southwestern toad |
| Anaxyrus microscaphus ↔ Bufo microscaphus | Cope, 1867 | Arizona toad |
| Anaxyrus nelsoni ↔ Bufo nelsoni | Stejneger, 1893 | Amargosa toad |
| Anaxyrus punctatus ↔ Bufo punctatus | Baird and Girard, 1852 | Red-spotted toad, Baird's spotted toad |
| Anaxyrus quercicus ↔ Bufo quercicus | Holbrook, 1840 | Oak toad |
| Anaxyrus retiformis ↔ Bufo retiformis | Sanders and Smith, 1951 | Sonoran green toad |
| Anaxyrus speciosus ↔ Bufo speciosus | Girard, 1854 | Texas toad |
| Anaxyrus terrestris ↔ Bufo terrestris | Bonnaterre, 1789 | Southern toad |
| Anaxyrus woodhousii ↔ Bufo woodhousii | Girard, 1854 | Woodhouse's toad |
References
- ↑ Pauly et al., (2004). Evolution 58:2517–2535
- ↑ Pauly et al., (2009). Herpetologica 65:115-128.
- ↑ Dodd, C. Kenneth (2013). Frogs of the United States and Canada 1. The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-4214-0633-6.
Bibliography
- Frost, D. R.; Grant, T.; Faivovich, J. N.; Bain, R. H.; Haas, A.; Haddad, C. L. F. B.; De Sá, R. O.; Channing, A.; Wilkinson, M.; Donnellan, S. C.; Raxworthy, C. J.; Campbell, J. A.; Blotto, B. L.; Moler, P.; Drewes, R. C.; Nussbaum, R. A.; Lynch, J. D.; Green, D. M.; Wheeler, W. C. (2006). "The Amphibian Tree of Life". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1–291. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)297[0001:TATOL]2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/5781.
- Pauly, G. B; Hillis, D. M.; Cannatella, D. C. (November 2004). "The history of a Nearctic colonization: Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Nearctic toads (Bufo)". Evolution 58 (11): 2517–2535. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb00881.x.
- Pauly, Greg B., Hillis, David M. & Cannatella, David C. (2009). Taxonomic freedom and the role of official lists of species names. Herpetologica 65: 115-128. PDF fulltext
External links
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