Ambo, Ethiopia

Ambo
Hagere Hiwot

Downtown Ambo (March 2006)
Ambo

Location within Ethiopia

Coordinates: 8°59′N 37°51′E / 8.983°N 37.850°ECoordinates: 8°59′N 37°51′E / 8.983°N 37.850°E
Country Ethiopia
Region Oromia
Zone West Shewa
Elevation 2,101 m (6,893 ft)
Population (2012)
 • Total 94,342
Time zone EAT (UTC+3)
Area code(s) 11

Ambo (also known as Hagere Hiwot[1]) is a spa town and separate woreda in central Ethiopia.[2] Located in the West Shewa Zone of the Oromia Region, west of Addis Ababa, this town has a latitude and longitude of 8°59′N 37°51′E / 8.983°N 37.850°E and an elevation of 2101 meters.

Ambo is known for its mineral water, which is bottled outside of town; it is reportedly the most popular brand in Ethiopia.[3] Nearby attractions include Mount Wenchi to the south with its crater lake, and the Guder and Huluka Falls. Ambo is also the location of a research station of the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research; initiated in 1977, this station hosts research in protecting major crops in Ethiopia.[4] The town's market day is Saturday.[5]

History

After Lij Iyasu was captured, he was held for a while at Ambo, before being transferred to house arrest at Fiche. In the early 1930s, Mahtama Selassie Walda Mesqal, who had studied agriculture in France and Spain, started an agricultural station near the town.[6] By 1933, Ambo had started to be a recreation place with the construction of some bath cabins with cisterns of concrete, and a couple of European-type hotels, as well as simple villas for the Emperor and important persons.[1]

By 1938, the Guida described improvements to Ambo which included a post office, telephone service, a clinic for outpatients, restaurants, and a hotel under construction. Two Italian forts were constructed, and in a cave the Italians had erected a monument for casualties of the Pusteria Division. The approach to Ambo was still over an old bridge, and below it a natural bridge used by caravans.[1]

When the Allies reached Ambo with a South African armored car patrol in early 1941, they had to evacuate 140 "utterly panicked Italians". The British operated an improvised camp for prisoners-of-war at Ambo until 1942.[1]

At least as early as 1955, there was a 170 kW hydro-electric power station in the town; by 1965 the installed electrical capacity was 210 kVA, with annual production of 132,000 kWh. In 1958 Ambo was one of 27 places in Ethiopia ranked as First Class Township. That same year, the Ambo Agricultural School and Ambo Forestry School had 150 students. A light earth tremor was felt in the evening of 23 January 1968; its epicenter was somewhere near Ambo but no damage occurred.[1]

In the last weeks of the Ethiopian Civil War, military units of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front captured Ambo on 25 April 1991 from the disintegrating units of the Derg.[7] This was part of their strategy to avoid a direct assault on the capital, Addis Ababa, and instead surround the city and isolate it from the rest of the country.[8]

Upon learning in 1994 that a local group of Amhara had formed a group called "Oromo killers", the local people voiced their objection to this group, and demanded its dissolution. When their pleas fell on deaf ears, the people had to take the necessary action in self-defense. Then a prominent Oromo businessman, Daraaraa Kafani, was murdered in front of his home; eyewitnesses said he was slain by a man wearing a military uniform. His funeral was attended by thousands of Oromos in Ambo; police arrested more than 37 people, stating that they were supporters of the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) on 3 September. In the following February, 70-year-old Oromo elder Dandana Gurmu was arrested on the accusation that he was a supporter of the OLF.[1]

On 24 April 2003, a Tigrayan student was shot and killed and two others injured in a clash between Oromo and Tigrayan students at the Ambo Agricultural College. The killing was believed to be retaliation for the severe beating of an Oromo student in Mek'ele in December 2002. By the year's end, five persons were in police custody awaiting trial.[9]

Demographics

The 2007 national census reported a total population for Ambo of 48,171, of whom 24,634 were men and 23,537 were women. The majority of the inhabitants said they observed Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 65.18% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 27.45% of the population were Protestant.[10]

The 1994 census reported this town had a total population of 27,636 of whom 13,380 were males and 14,256 were females.

Ambo High School

Ambo Comprehensive Senior Secondary School, with its large library and modern laboratory has been one of the best high schools in the country. The school celebrated its 50th anniversary (Golden Jubilee) in 2006. Prominent alumni include poet Tsegaye Gebre-Medhin [11] and former Ethiopian Prime minister Tesfaye Dinka. Ambo students’ movement played notable role in the Ethiopian student movement, particularly during the final years of the feudal regime and the recurring student unrest of the current administration.[12]

Ambo High School absorbs students from surrounding woredas which extends as far as East Wollega Zone. The concentration of young students in the town has been significant contributor for the city’s high political consciousness.

Residents of the town are usually considered as being "extreme Oromo Nationalists" and Pro-OLF.[13]

Ambo University

The city is the home of Ambo University.[14]

Sister city

On December 18, 2006, the Oromia Region government signed an agreement with Henan Province in China to establish a sister city program with Xuchang.[15]

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "Ama - Amzanaghir" (PDF). Local History in Ethiopia. The Nordic Africa Institute. 2005. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  2. ↑ The Oromia Regional government website notes that Ambo is famed as a spa town.
  3. ↑ Philip Briggs, Ethiopia: The Bradt Travel Guide, 3rd edition (Chalfont St Peters: Bradt, 2002), p. 483.
  4. ↑ EARI list of research centers (accessed 30 April 2009)
  5. ↑ Matt Philips and Jean-Bernard Carillet, Ethiopia and Eritrea, third edition (n.p.: Lonely Planet, 2006), p. 237
  6. ↑ Richard Pankhurst, Economic History of Ethiopia (Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie I University, 1968), p. 208
  7. ↑ Gebru Tareke, The Ethiopian Revolution: War in the Horn of Africa (New Haven: Yale University, 2009), p. 306
  8. ↑ Paul B. Henze, Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia (New York: Palgrave, 2000), p. 328
  9. ↑ "Ethiopia: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: 2003 report", Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, US State Department (accessed 9 July 2009)
  10. ↑ 2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Results for Oromia Region, Vol. 1, Tables 2.1, 2.5, 3.4 (accessed 13 January 2012)
  11. ↑ "Poet Laureate Tsegaye Gebre-Medhin"
  12. ↑ "Ambo Educational AssistanceTrust"
  13. ↑ "Mass Arrest of Oromo Extends to Students of Ambo Secondary School"
  14. ↑ "About Us". Official Website of Ambo University. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
  15. ↑ "Oromia State Regional Government and the delegation of Henan Province sign an agreement on the Establishment of Friendship City Relationship" (Oromia State government website)

External links