Alpha Sigma Phi

For the fraternity in the Philippines, see Alpha Sigma Phi Philippines, Inc.

Alpha Sigma Phi Fraternity
ΑΣΦ
Founded	December 6, 1845 (1845-12-06) Yale University
Type	Social
Scope	United States
Motto	Causa Latet Vis Est Notissima "The cause is hidden, the results well-known"
Colors	Cardinal and Stone
Symbol	Phoenix
Flower	Cardinal rose and yellow tea rose
Chapters	91 active, 29 colonies, 5 interest groups, 118 total chapters
Headquarters	710 Adams Street Carmel, Indiana, USA
Homepage	alphasigmaphi.org

Alpha Sigma Phi Fraternity and Foundation (ΑΣΦ,^[1][2] commonly abbreviated to Alpha Sig) is a fraternity with 91 active chapters, 29 colonies, and 5 interest groups.^[3] Founded at Yale in 1845, it is the 10th oldest fraternity in the United States.

The fraternity practices many traditions. Their Latin motto is, Causa Latet Vis Est Notissima ("The cause is hidden, the results well-known").^[4] The fraternity's official symbol is the phoenix, as the phoenix rises from the ashes of its old body, signifying the re-founding of the fraternity in the early 1900s. Due to active expansion efforts, Alpha Sigma Phi continues to offer services and opportunities to over 2,500 undergraduate students and 70,000 living alumni.^[5]

History

Founding

Alpha Sigma Phi was founded by three men at Yale College in 1845 as a secret sophomore society composed of many of the school's poets, athletes, and scholars.^[6] Upon rising through the ranks of the school, members shared membership with Alpha Sigma Phi in Skull and Bones and Scroll and Key.^[7]

The founders of Alpha Sigma Phi were:

Louis Manigault was the son of Charles I. Manigault, a wealthy rice planter from South Carolina who traced his ancestry to a Huguenot refugee who fled from Louis XIV's persecution and came to America in 1691. He served in the American Civil War as assistant to the Confederate Surgeon General. Moreover, he was a prominent plantation and slave owner in South Carolina.^[8]
Stephen Ormsby Rhea was the son of John Rhea, an important cotton planter of Louisiana who helped open the disputed territory of West Florida and made it a part of the U.S. and state of Louisiana.
Horace Spangler Weiser, of York, Pennsylvania, was a descendant of Conrad Weiser, also a refugee from Europe who became famous in the French and Indian War, representing several colonies in treaty negotiations with Native Americans.^[6]

Manigault and Rhea met at St. Paul's Preparatory School near Flushing, New York, where both were members of the same literary society and were preparing themselves for admission to Yale. Weiser attended a private school in New Haven, and he met Rhea early in his freshman year, who introduced him to Manigault.

Once at Yale, Manigault and Rhea became members of Yale's Calliopean Literary Society, and Weiser was a member of the Linonian Literary Society. Manigault was very much interested in the class society system at Yale and noted the class fraternities provided experience for their members and prepared them for competition in literary contests. The sophomore class there had only one society, Kappa Sigma Theta, which displayed an attitude of superiority toward non-fraternity men.^[7]

Manigault revealed to his friends Rhea and Weiser a plan for founding another sophomore society. Rhea agreed and enlisted Weiser to become the three founders of Alpha Sigma Phi. Their first official meeting was held in Manigault's room on Chapel Street on December 6, 1845. The constitution and ritual were then written and the fraternity pin was designed. The first pledge class, of 14 members, was initiated on June 24, 1846.^[6]

After the birth of Alpha Sigma Phi, an intense rivalry began with Kappa Sigma Theta. The rivalry expressed itself in their publications, Kappa Sigma Theta's "The Yale Banger" and Alpha Sigma Phi's "The Yale Tomahawk." In 1852, the editors of The Tomahawk were expelled after violating faculty orders to cease publication. However, the rivalry between the organizations continued until 1858, when Kappa Sigma Theta was suppressed by the faculty.^[7]

Beyond Yale

The first charter was granted to Amherst College as Beta Chapter, but it only lasted about six months, at which time the parent chapter requested that it dissolve and return the constitution. However, a fragmentary document in the Yale library suggests that Beta was chartered in 1850 at Harvard but lived a very short life due to a wave of puritanism. The chapter at Harvard was revived in 1911 as Beta Chapter but only survived about 20 years; the charter was withdrawn due to Harvard's anti-fraternity environment. When Amherst was restored in 1854, it was designated as Delta Chapter. However, when the chapter at Marietta College was chartered in 1860, it too was given the Delta designation, despite the parent chapter being aware of this discrepancy.^[6]

When the Civil War broke out across the United States, almost every member of Delta at Marietta enlisted in the Union Army. Three of the brothers gave their lives fighting for the Union cause. Former chapter presidents William B. Whittlesey and George B. Turner fell on the battle fields of Chattanooga and Lookout Mountain. They willed their personal possessions and their swords to the chapter, which treasured those mementos until the chapter closed in the mid-1990s.^[7]

During the Civil War, the mother chapter at Yale was torn by internal dissension. Because less attention was being given to the sophomore class societies, some Alpha Sigma Phi members pledged to Delta Kappa Epsilon, a junior class society, and attempted to turn the control of Alpha Sigma Phi over to Delta Kappa Epsilon.^[7] However, the attempt was thwarted by members of Alpha Sigma Phi who had pledged to the other two junior class societies. A conflict ensued, and the faculty suppressed Alpha Sigma Phi to end the disorder. However, the traditions of Alpha Sigma Phi were carried on by two new sophomore class societies, Delta Beta Xi and Phi Theta Psi. Louis Manigault sought to renew his loyalty and friendship with his brothers of Alpha Sigma Phi, and agreed with Rhea and Weiser to consider Delta Beta Xi its true descendant. They were unaware at the time that Delta Chapter at Marietta still existed as Alpha Sigma Phi.^[7]

Refounding

The second founders were:

• Wayne Montgomery Musgrave, an honors graduate of New York University, Yale and Harvard. He provided the organizational spark that fanned Alpha Sigma Phi into national prominence.
• Edwin Morey Waterbury, born in Geneseo, New York on September 26, 1884, son of Dr. Reuben A. and Frances Waterbury. Dr. Waterbury was an educator, and vice-principal of the New York State Normal School at Geneseo from 1873 to 1895.^[7]

With the inactivation of Delta Beta Xi at Yale, Alpha Sigma Phi was kept alive only at Marietta by Delta. At Yale, four friends agreed in a conversation over a card game that an organization was needed that was open to all students, instead of representing only the sophomore or junior classes. The four friends were Robert L. Ervin, Benjamin F. Crenshaw, Arthur S. Ely, and Edwin M. Waterbury.^[6]

Other members soon joined the group in their mission, the first of which were Fredrick H. Waldron and Wayne M. Musgrave. Ervin knew some of the alumni brothers of Delta at Marietta and asked them to send the first letter to Delta. On March 27, 1907, Ely, Crenshaw, Musgrave, Waldron, and Waterbury traveled to Marietta and were initiated into Alpha Sigma Phi. Upon returning to New Haven, they initiated the other friends they had recruited into the new Alpha chapter at Yale.^[7]

Many of the old Alpha members returned to Yale upon hearing the news of the refounding, and helped acquire the fraternity's first piece of real estate, the "Tomb", a windowless two story building. No non-member was allowed entrance. No member could speak of the interior of the building, and were even expected to remain silent while passing by the exterior of the building.^[7]

Expansion

A new national organization was formed at an Alpha Sigma Phi conference at Marietta in 1907, and within a year there were three new chapters: Zeta at Ohio State, Eta at the University of Illinois, and Theta at the University of Michigan. In 1910 another convention was held with the members of the former chapters at Yale, Amherst and Ohio Wesleyan University, and a delegation from the Yale Delta Beta Xi fraternity. All of these pledged to anew their loyalty to a restored Alpha Sigma Phi, and soon afterward the chapters Mu at the University of Washington, Nu at University of California, Berkeley, and Upsilon at the Pennsylvania State University were added.^[7]

Alpha Sigma Phi survived World War I fairly easily and even recruited many new members during those years. In the post-war era, Alpha Sigma Phi expanded at the rate of one chapter per year. In 1939, Phi Pi Phi merged with Alpha Sigma Phi, as the Great Depression left that fraternity with only five of its original twenty-one chapters. World War II hit Alpha Sigma Phi hard, with many brothers losing their lives due to the conflict, forcing many chapters to close.^[6]

On September 6, 1946, Alpha Kappa Pi merged with Alpha Sigma Phi. Alpha Kappa Pi had never had a national office, but was still a strong fraternity. During the war, they had lost many chapters and realized the need for a more stable national organization. Alpha Sigma Phi expanded again in 1965 by five more chapters when it merged with Alpha Gamma Upsilon.^[6]

The 1980s found a younger generation of leaders taking the reins of the fraternity. Keeping in mind one of its oldest traditions, being a fraternity run by undergraduates, the leadership and undergraduates began expanding in new directions. In 2006, Alpha Sigma Phi won the North-American Interfraternity Conference's Laurel Wreath Award for the Ralph F. Burns Leadership Institute for new members.^[7]

Notable members

Athletics

Name	Chapter and Year	Known For
Bradford G. Corbett	Wagner 1958	Owner, Texas Rangers (1974–80)[9]
Fitz Eugene Dixon, Jr.	Widener University 1973	Owner, Philadelphia 76ers (1976–1981)
Ray Eliot	University of Illinois 1938	Head Football Coach, University of Illinois (1942–59) 3-time Big Ten Conference Champion & 2-time Rose Bowl Winner
Rich Duwelius	The Ohio State University 1974	Olympic Gold Medalist - Volleyball, 1984 Summer Olympics
Ryan Schmidt	University of Illinois 2015	Basketball Player, University of Illinois[10]
Bob Howsam	University of Colorado 1938	President and General Manager, Cincinnati Reds "Big Red Machine" (1967–1977)
Billy "White Shoes" Johnson	Widener University 1971	American football player (1974–1988)
Press Maravich	Davis and Elkins College 1941	Head Basketball Coach; University of Louisville, North Carolina State University, and Clemson University. Father of Pistol Pete Maravich, Basketball Hall of Fame
Bennie Oosterbaan	University of Michigan 1927	3-time All-American football player (1924–1928), University of Michigan Head Football Coach (1948–1958) 3-time Big Ten Conference Champion & 1948 Associated Press Poll National Champion
Robin Reed	Oregon State University 1926	Wrestling Gold medalist, 1924 Summer Olympics
Tom Watson	Stanford University 1971	Pro golfer, 8-time Major Winner, 3-time Vardon Trophy winner, & 10th all time in PGA tour wins

Arnold Palmer (golfer) Wake Forest University

Authors, editors, and publishers

Name	Chapter and Year	Known For
Harold T. P. Hayes	Wake Forest University 1944	Editor, Esquire Magazine (1963–1973)
Reinhold Niebuhr	Yale University 1913	Protestant theologian
Rick Santelli	University of Illinois 1974	CNBC commentator, derivatives trader

Business leaders and entrepreneurs

Name	Chapter and Year	Known For
Warren Buffett	University of Pennsylvania 1948	Chairman and CEO, Berkshire Hathaway (1970-), billionaire and philanthropist
Ratan Tata	Cornell University 1962	Chairman and CEO, Tata Group (1991-2012), billionaire and philanthropist
Andrew McKelvey	Westminster 1954	Chairman and CEO, Monster Worldwide, Inc. (1967–2006), billionaire and philanthropist
Jon Mittelhauser	University of Illinois 1990	Co-founder, Netscape Communications, founding father of the Web browser[11]
Charles F. Feeney	Cornell University 1953	Co-Founder, DFS Galleria

Education

Name	Chapter and Year	Known For
Andrew Dickson White	Yale 1850	First President - Cornell University (1866–1885)
Harvey Stenger	Cornell 1977	President - Binghamton University (2011–Present)

Government

Name	Chapter and Year	Known For
John Kasich	The Ohio State University 1973	Congressman, Ohio (1983–2001), Governor of Ohio (2010-)
Aaron Kraus	University of Maryland, College Park	Napoleon Complex, Department of Energy (2013-)
Andrew G. Douglas	Toledo 1951	Justice, Ohio State Supreme Court (1985–2002)
Arthur Flemming	Ohio Wesleyan University 1924	United States Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare (1958–1961)
Skip Humphrey	American University 1962	Minnesota Attorney General (1983–1999)
Larry M. Abernathy	Clemson University 2010	Mayor, Clemson, South Carolina (1982-2012)
C. Everett Koop	Dartmouth College 1934	Surgeon General of the United States (1982–1989)
Horace R. Kornegay	Wake Forest 1942	U.S. Representative, North Carolina (1961–1969); Chairman, The Tobacco Institute (1982–1986)
Charles G. Oakman	Michigan 1924	U.S. Representative, Michigan (1953–1955)
Ross Swimmer	University of Oklahoma 1961	Special Trustee for American Indians at the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs (2001-)
Frank Wolf	Penn State 1960	U.S. Representative, Virginia (1981-)
Eric Swalwell	University of Maryland, College Park 2001	U.S. Representative, California (2013-)
Elijah Hahhr	Missouri Western State University, Missouri	State Representative, Missouri (2013-)
Samuel Bodman	Cornell University 1957	United States Secretary of Energy (2005–2009)

Musicians, stage, and screen performers

Name	Chapter and Year	Known For
Robert Loggia	Wagner College 1951	Actor, Mr. MacMillan in Big
Vincent Price	Yale University 1930	Actor, The Inventor in Edward Scissorhands
Willard Scott	American University 1946	TV personality, weatherman on The Today Show
Ted Cassidy	West Virginia Wesleyan 1939	Actor, Lurch on The Addams Family
Andrew Kenny	UNC Charlotte 2010	Actor, Stamp Kid in Juwanna Mann
Jasper Moss	McGill University 2014	Conductor, McGill Beethoven Orchestra

Controversy over inclusion of women

In 1983, Tau Chapter of Stanford University split off from the national fraternity organization over controversy regarding that chapter's inclusion of women as initiated members. The chapter had begun the tradition of initiating women some years earlier, but when a female member became president of the chapter, the national fraternity organization reacted with an immediate suspension and threat of charter revocation.^[12] Tau Chapter became Alpha Sigma Co-Ed Fraternity thereafter, surviving independently for over ten years.^[13]

Active chapters, colonies, and interest groups

See also

• List of social fraternities and sororities

References

External links

• Alpha Sigma Phi - Official website
• Songs of Alpha Sigma Phi - Audio recordings (WAV)

North-American Interfraternity Conference Acacia ΑΓΡ ΑΓΣ ΑΔΓ ΑΔΦ ΑΕΠ ΑΚΛ ΑΣΦ ΑΤΩ ΑΦΑ ΑΦΔ ΑΧΡ ΒΣΨ ΒΘΠ ΒΧΘ ΔΕΨ ΔΚΕ ΔΛΦ ΔΣΦ ΔΤΔ ΔΥ ΔΦ ΔΧ ΔΨ FarmHouse ΖΒΤ ΖΨ ΘΔΧ ΘΞ ΘΧ ΙΝΔ ΙΦΘ ΚΑ Order ΚΑ Society ΚΑΨ ΚΔΡ ΚΔΦ ΛΘΦ ΛΣΥ ΛΦΕ ΛΧΑ ΝΑΚ ΠΚΑ ΠΚΦ ΠΛΦ ΣΑΕ ΣΑΜ ΣΒΡ ΣΛΒ ΣΝ ΣΠ ΣΤΓ ΣΦΔ ΣΦΕ ΣΦ ΣΧ ΤΔΦ ΤΕΦ ΤΚΕ ΤΦΣ Triangle ΦΒΣ ΦΓΔ ΦΙΑ ΦΚΘ ΦΚΣ ΦΚΤ ΦΚΨ ΦΛΧ ΦΜΔ ΦΣΚ ΦΣΦ ΧΦ ΧΨ ΨΥ ΩΔΦ

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