Alpena, Michigan

Alpena, Michigan
City

The Alpena Light at the Alpena Municipal Marina
Nickname(s): A-Town
Motto: Warm and Friendly Port

Location of Alpena within Alpena County, Michigan
Coordinates: 45°3′42″N 83°25′58″W / 45.06167°N 83.43278°WCoordinates: 45°3′42″N 83°25′58″W / 45.06167°N 83.43278°W
Country United States
State Michigan
County Alpena
Animickee 1840
Alpena 1871
Government
 • Mayor Matt Waligora
Area[1]
 • Total 9.23 sq mi (23.91 km2)
 • Land 8.54 sq mi (22.12 km2)
 • Water 0.69 sq mi (1.79 km2)  7.48%
Elevation 591 ft (180 m)
Population (2010)[2]
 • Total 10,483
 • Estimate (2012[3]) 10,340
 • Density 1,227.5/sq mi (473.9/km2)
Time zone EST (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP code 49707
Area code(s) 989
FIPS code 26-01740[4]
GNIS feature ID 0620017[5]
Website alpena.mi.us
Alpena County Courthouse in Alpena

Alpena /ælˈpiːnə/ is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Alpena County.[6] It is considered to be part of northern Michigan. The Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary is located in the city. The population was 10,483 at the 2010 census. The population swells with a large number of visitors in the summer.

Despite its small population, it is by far the largest city in the sparsely populated Northeast Michigan (lower peninsula) area, serving as its commercial and cultural hub. It is considered to be one of the two anchor cities of Northern Michigan, along with Traverse City. The Alpena Regional Medical Center is a federally designated rural regional medical referral center, and is the largest employer in the city.[7]

Development

It was originally part of Anomickee County founded in 1840, which in 1843 was changed to Alpena, a pseudo-Native American word — a neologism coined by Henry Schoolcraft, meaning something like "a good partridge country."[8][9][10] This was part of a much larger effort to rename a great many of the Michigan counties at the time.[9]

The region, known as the "Sunrise Side" from its location on the east shoreline of Michigan, was first a site of commercial fishing activity and is still home to extensive commercial fishing activities. Later the region, like much of Michigan, was shaped by the logging era of the 1800s. Today, Alpena is known for its limestone quarry, one of the largest in the world, owned and operated by the Lafarge corporation and is a major cement manufacturer and exporter. While at one time the largest in the world, the cement plant is now just the largest cement plant for Lafarge in North America with an annual capacity of almost 3 million tons of cement.[11] Alpena is also the world headquarters of Besser Company, a manufacturer of concrete block machines. Tourism (fishing, hunting, camping and a variety of water sports) is also important to Alpena's economy.

In February 2007 Bizjournals ranked Alpena as the hottest retirement destination in the Great Lakes area[12] and #44 nationally.[13]

The city has a number of notable buildings, including the Art deco Alpena County Courthouse and Temple Beth El, one of the oldest synagogues in the United States.

Geography and climate

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.23 square miles (23.91 km2), of which, 8.54 square miles (22.12 km2) of it is land and 0.69 square miles (1.79 km2) is water.[1] The city is on the shore of Lake Huron's Thunder Bay, with Alpena Township surrounding it on land.

Access to natural resources and water transportation has been important in development of the community. Light stations and lighthouses[14][15] surround Alpena.[16] Several islands off the coast in Thunder Bay are part of the Michigan Islands National Wildlife Refuge, and Scarecrow Island is part of the Michigan Islands Wilderness Area. Charity, Little Charity, Scarecrow, and Thunder Bay Islands form the Lake Huron division of the Michigan Islands NWR. There are lighthouses on Charity (abandoned) and Thunder Bay Islands.

Climate data for Alpena County Regional Airport, Michigan (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1916–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 62
(17)		 65
(18)		 87
(31)		 90
(32)		 94
(34)		 104
(40)		 106
(41)		 102
(39)		 99
(37)		 90
(32)		 77
(25)		 65
(18)		 106
(41)
Average high °F (°C) 26.8
(−2.9)		 29.3
(−1.5)		 38.3
(3.5)		 52.3
(11.3)		 64.5
(18.1)		 74.5
(23.6)		 79.4
(26.3)		 77.0
(25)		 68.9
(20.5)		 55.9
(13.3)		 43.1
(6.2)		 31.7
(−0.2)		 53.5
(11.9)
Average low °F (°C) 11.5
(−11.4)		 11.4
(−11.4)		 19.2
(−7.1)		 31.0
(−0.6)		 40.5
(4.7)		 49.7
(9.8)		 55.3
(12.9)		 53.7
(12.1)		 46.5
(8.1)		 36.4
(2.4)		 28.3
(−2.1)		 18.4
(−7.6)		 33.5
(0.8)
Record low °F (°C) −28
(−33)		 −37
(−38)		 −27
(−33)		 −7
(−22)		 20
(−7)		 27
(−3)		 34
(1)		 29
(−2)		 23
(−5)		 12
(−11)		 −6
(−21)		 −27
(−33)		 −37
(−38)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 1.66
(42.2)		 1.32
(33.5)		 1.86
(47.2)		 2.39
(60.7)		 2.67
(67.8)		 2.62
(66.5)		 3.03
(77)		 3.23
(82)		 2.92
(74.2)		 2.61
(66.3)		 2.10
(53.3)		 1.75
(44.4)		 28.16
(715.3)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 21.3
(54.1)		 17.5
(44.5)		 12.2
(31)		 5.8
(14.7)		 0.2
(0.5)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0.4
(1)		 7.7
(19.6)		 19.2
(48.8)		 84.3
(214.1)
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 14.9 11.2 11.2 11.4 11.8 10.8 10.5 10.2 12.0 13.4 13.8 14.2 145.4
Avg. snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 15.7 12.2 8.0 3.5 0.3 0 0 0 0 0.8 6.3 13.6 60.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours 108.5 135.6 195.3 222.0 279.0 294.0 316.2 257.3 195.0 142.6 84.0 74.4 2,303.9
Source: NOAA[17] HKO (sun only, 1961−1990),[18] The Weather Channel[19]
Climate data for Alpena, Michigan (Water Treatment Plant near downtown), 1981–2010 normals
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °F (°C) 27.9
(−2.3)		 29.6
(−1.3)		 37.3
(2.9)		 50.0
(10)		 61.2
(16.2)		 71.5
(21.9)		 77.0
(25)		 76.0
(24.4)		 68.3
(20.2)		 55.8
(13.2)		 43.5
(6.4)		 32.5
(0.3)		 52.6
(11.4)
Average low °F (°C) 13.3
(−10.4)		 13.5
(−10.3)		 21.4
(−5.9)		 33.4
(0.8)		 43.7
(6.5)		 53.8
(12.1)		 59.3
(15.2)		 58.0
(14.4)		 50.6
(10.3)		 39.6
(4.2)		 30.0
(−1.1)		 20.1
(−6.6)		 36.4
(2.4)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 1.93
(49)		 1.39
(35.3)		 1.73
(43.9)		 2.59
(65.8)		 2.95
(74.9)		 2.69
(68.3)		 3.14
(79.8)		 3.47
(88.1)		 3.21
(81.5)		 2.68
(68.1)		 2.22
(56.4)		 1.88
(47.8)		 29.88
(759)
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 16.9 12.4 10.7 11.7 12.8 11.6 10.9 11.7 13.0 14.5 14.9 15.2 156.3
Source: NOAA[20]

Transportation

Air

A U.S. Air Force Reserve Bell HH-1N Huey (s/n 69-6612) taking off on maneuvers during a reserve rescue exercise at Phelps Collins Air National Guard Base

Alpena County Regional Airport (IATA: APN, ICAO: KAPN, FAA LID: APN) is the northeast lower peninsula of Michigan's main commercial airport and handles daily Delta Connection flights to Detroit and Minneapolis/St. Paul operated by Endeavor Air. It is a public-use airport located in Wilson Township, Michigan six miles (10 km) west of the central business district of Alpena. The Michigan Air National Guard's Alpena Combat Readiness Training Center co-utilizes the airfield.

Rail

Alpena is situated along the Lake State Railway, formerly the Detroit and Mackinac Railway (D&M).[21] Earlier railroads that served Alpena were built and owned by the Alger Smith and Co. logging company: (1) the Detroit, Bay City and Alpena Railroad which entered Alpena from the south around 1886; and (2) the Alpena and Northern Railroad.[22]

Bus

Major highways

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18806,153—
189011,28383.4%
190011,8024.6%
191012,7067.7%
192011,101−12.6%
193012,1669.6%
194012,8085.3%
195013,1352.6%
196014,68211.8%
197013,805−6.0%
198012,214−11.5%
199011,354−7.0%
200011,304−0.4%
201010,483−7.3%
Est. 201210,340−1.4%
source:[26]

2010 census

As of the census[2] of 2010, there were 10,483 people, 4,734 households, and 2,565 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,227.5 inhabitants per square mile (473.9/km2). There were 5,278 housing units at an average density of 618.0 per square mile (238.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 96.8% White, 0.5% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.1% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.0% of the population.

There were 4,734 households of which 24.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.3% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.8% were non-families. 39.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.84.

The median age in the city was 42.5 years. 20.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.7% were from 25 to 44; 27.9% were from 45 to 64; and 19.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.7% male and 52.3% female.

2000 census

As of the census[4] of 2000, there were 11,304 people, 4,874 households, and 2,865 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,348.9 per square mile (520.8/km2). There were 5,200 housing units at an average density of 620.5 per square mile (239.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 97.66% White, 0.42% African American, 0.43% Native American, 0.48% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.09% from other races, and 0.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.59% of the population.

There were 4,874 households out of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.1% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.2% were non-families. 35.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the city the population was spread out with 23.0% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 19.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 88.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,353, and the median income for a family was $40,056. Males had a median income of $34,534 versus $21,951 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,476. About 10.4% of families and 13.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.5% of those under age 18 and 6.6% of those age 65 or over.

Education

Alpena, along with the rest of Alpena County and portions of Presque Isle County, is served by Alpena Public Schools. Alpena Public Schools was established as the first county-wide school district in the state of Michigan in 1963. The district has one high school, a junior high, an alternative/adult high school, and six elementary schools. The elementary schools are Besser, Ella White, Hinks, Lincoln, Sanborn, and Wilson Elementary Schools. Geographically, it is the largest school district in the Lower Peninsula, encompassing more than 620 square miles (1,600 km2).

There are two private schools in Alpena. All Saints Catholic School is affiliated with the four Roman Catholic parishes in the city (St. Anne's, St. Bernard's, St. John the Baptist and St. Mary of the Immaculate Conception) and provides preschool to 6th grade education. Immanuel Lutheran School is supported by the Immanuel Lutheran Church and has preschool to 8th grade classes.

Alpena is also home to Alpena Community College. ACC is a two-year associates program that has partnerships with Spring Arbor University and several other Michigan institutions. Within Alpena Community College is the World Center for Concrete Technology (WCCT). The WCCT draws a worldwide enrollment of students for classes in Concrete Technology, including a Master Blockmakers Degree for 5-class-accomplished students.

Economy

While tourism is an important component of the area's economy, both Alpena and Rogers City have an industrial base. In particular, Alpena is home to Lafarge's cement plant and to Besser Company (maker of a concrete block making machinery), as well as a drywall board manufacturing facility owned by Decorative Panels International. Rogers City is the location of the world's largest limestone quarry, which is used in steel making in the Great Lakes and Rust Belt regions.

Alpena's primary shopping center is the Alpena Mall, the only enclosed shopping mall in the northeastern Lower Peninsula, featuring approximately 20 stores, with JCPenney and Gordon Food Service as the anchor stores.[27]

Alpena is also home to the Alpena Thunder hockey team.

Historical markers

There are seven recognized historical markers in the city:[28]

Media

Print

Radio

Alpena is home to several radio stations.

AM

Call Sign Frequency Format City Broadcast From
WHAK 960 Classic Hits Rogers City

FM

Call Sign Frequency Format City Broadcast From
WPHN 90.5 Religious Gaylord
WCML 91.7 Public Alpena
WFDX 92.5 Classic Hits Atlanta
WKJZ 94.9 Variety Hits Hillman
WATZ 99.3/96.7 Country Alpena
WHAK 99.9 Oldies Rogers City
WWTH 100.7 Classic Rock Oscoda
WMJZ 101.5 Classic Hits Gaylord
WKJC 104.7 Country Tawas City
WGFM 105.1/103.7 Rock Cheboygan
WZTK 105.7 Talk/News Alpena
WOEZ 106.3/98.1 Adult Contemporary Cheboygan
WHSB 107.7 Hot AC Alpena

Television

Alpena is the third smallest (208) Nielsen Designated Market Area (DMA) in the United States.

Television stations located within the Alpena DMA:

Cable only television:

Northeast Michigan is also served by selected major network affiliates from the Northern Michigan DMA, as well as CBC Television programming from CBMT-DT in Montreal. Cable television service is provided within Alpena and many outlying communities by Charter Communications.

Local cultural institutions

Thunder Bay Theater

Local libraries, museums and landmarks

Notable people

Alpena in popular culture

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-11-25.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-11-25.
  3. ↑ "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2013-06-03.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  5. ↑ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  6. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  7. ↑ "Alpena Regional Medical Center - Main". alpenaregionalmedicalcenter.org.
  8. ↑ Herron, Catherine; Herron, Nelston R. (Fall, Winter, Spring 1990; Summer, Fall, Winter 1991; Spring, Summer, Fall 1991). "A History of the Place Names of Alpena County". Wilderness Chronicle (19, 20, 21). Retrieved January 18, 2013. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Michigan government on place names". Retrieved January 18, 2013.
  10. ↑ "Bibliography on Alpena County". Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
  11. ↑ "Michigan Historical Markers". michmarkers.com.
  12. ↑ Bizjournal retirement ranking, Great Lakes
  13. ↑ Bizjournal retirement ranking, national
  14. ↑ "Historic Light Station Information and Photography: Michigan". United States Coast Guard Historian's Office.
  15. ↑ National Park Service. "Michigan Lighthouses" (PDF). Michigan Department of State.
  16. ↑ "Lights_001 - Page: 34 of 47". lh-lighthouseclub.org.
  17. ↑ "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2014-03-12.
  18. ↑ "Climatological Normals of Alpena". Hong Kong Observatory. Retrieved October 23, 2011.
  19. ↑ "Monthly Averages for Alpena, MI (49707)". The Weather Channel. Retrieved October 23, 2011.
  20. ↑ "Station Name: MI ALPENA WWTP". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2014-03-11.
  21. ↑ Detroit and Mackinac Railway pictures and history
  22. ↑ Older railroads have been removed in the past years and are now used for snowmobiles. Michigan Railroad history for Alpena.
  23. ↑ "BAY CITY-ALPENA-CHEBOYGAN-ST. IGNACE" (PDF). Indian Trails. March 19, 2013. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
  24. ↑ "Google Groups". keyhole.com.
  25. ↑ "45th Parallel North America". wurlington-bros.com.
  26. ↑ "Census of Population and Housing". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2014-01-19.
  27. ↑ "Alpena Mall". Pure Michigan. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
  28. ↑ "Michigan Historical Markers". michmarkers.com.
  29. ↑ The Alpena News
  30. ↑ "Thunder Bay Theatre Alpena Michigan Downtown Alpena Live Theatre Live Show". thunderbaytheatre.com.
  31. ↑ "Alpena Yacht Club - Sailing School - Alpena, Michigan". alpenayachtclub.com.
  32. ↑ Neighbor Hub. "Home - Besser Museum". bessermuseum.org.
  33. ↑ "Visiting Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary". noaa.gov.
  34. ↑ "Museums". northeasternmichiganonline.com.
  35. ↑ "Die Hard 2 (1990)". IMDb.

External links

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