Alice Garoute

Alice Garoute (died October 30, 1950) was a Haitian suffragist and advocate for women's rights in Haiti, including peasant women. On her deathbed in 1950, Alice Garoute asked that flowers be placed on her grave the day Haitian women would finally be able to vote.[1] She may have attended the first meeting of the Inter-American Commission of Women (IACW) in Havana in February 1930.[2] The IACW was in charge of investigating the legal status of women in Latin-America and is credited for being the first governmental organization in the world to be founded for the express purpose of advocating women's issues. [3]

Ligue Féminine d'Action Sociale

Against the backdrop of ongoing women's opposition to the US military occupation of Haiti (1915-1934) she was among the founders in 1934 of the Ligue Féminine d'Action Sociale (aka Women's League for Social Action) and its president starting in 1941. She made several impassioned and well-documented speeches in the National Assembly for full equality for women buttressing her arguments with the various conventions signed by Haiti in support of women's rights.[1]

Besides Alice Garoute, the League's members included: Madeleine Sylvain, Fernande Bellegarde, Thérèse Hudicourt, Alice Mathon, Marie-Thérèse Colimon and Marie-Thérèse Poitevien many of whom were teachers of elite social extraction. The League was banned by the government two months after its founding. The league's goals were supported by the political left and included: more schools for girls, equality for women in family law, equal pay for equal work, voting rights for women, free labor unions and a labor ministry with a women's bureau. The league was reestablished when it agreed to study its goals instead of immediately implementing them. The league is credited for the granting of voting rights for women in 1957.[4]

The First Congress of Haitian Women

The First Congress of Haitian women was organized by the League on April 10–14, 1950 under the watchful eye of its honorary president, First Lady Lucienne Hertelou Estimé. Alice Garoute offered a particularly impassioned address about the state of education of Haitian women during which she argued that those women who had been schooled since 1940 in the three private schools that accepted them had done as well as men. She also deplored that women in Haiti during her time were treated as poorly as during Napoleon's Code Noir (aka Napoleon's Black Code): "like children and the mentally ill". At the Congress' closing ceremony Alice Garoute and other notable women lodged an official list of their demands.[1]

Publication

Congrès national des femmes haitiennes: le Féminisme en marche (1951) Eben-Ezer

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Manigat, Mirlande (2002). Etre Femme en Haiti Hier et Aujourd'hui. Haiti: Université Quisqueya. pp. 280–287. ISBN 99935-2-041-1.
  2. ↑ Miller, Francesca (1991). Latin American Women and the Search for Social Justice. UPNE. p. 106. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  3. ↑ Miller, Francesca (1991). Latin American Women and the Search for Social Justice. UPNE. p. 95. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  4. ↑ Bellegarde-Smith, Patrick (2004). Haiti: The Breached Citadel (2nd ed.). Ontario: Canadian Scholars Press. p. 39. ISBN 1-55130-268-3.