Alice Coleman

Alice Mary Coleman
Born 8 June 1923
Occupation Geographer

Alice Mary Coleman (born 1923) is emeritus professor of geography at King's College London. She is noted for directing the 1960s Second Land Use Survey of Britain and for analyses of land use planning and urban design taken up by the political right.

Education

After qualifying as a teacher Coleman studied for a BA at Birkbeck College and an MA from University College London.[1]

Academic career

After working as a secondary school teacher Coleman became a lecturer at the geography department of King's College London, eventually becoming professor in 1987 after other posts in Canada and Japan. She retired in 1996 and is now emeritus professor.

Land Use Survey

In the 1960s Coleman took on the role of director of the Second Land Use Survey of Britain. This was the first comprehensive attempt to map the use of land since Dudley Stamp's survey of the 1930s. Around 120 sheets each covering 200 km2 were published.

Land use planning

Coleman's findings on the Land Use Survey led to an attack on the effectiveness of the planning system within the UK, which she considered responsible for much degraded land in the rural/urban fringe (Coleman 1976).

Urban design

As head of the Land Use Research Unit at King's in the 1980s, Coleman built on the work of architect Oscar Newman on the concept of defensible space. The unit studied indications of 'social malaise' (litter, vandalism, graffiti etc.) on post-war social housing developments in the inner London boroughs of Southwark and Tower Hamlets (visiting all 4,050 multi-storey blocks in these boroughs[2]), and the Blackbird Leys estate in Oxford.[3] These measures were correlated with various design features such as number of storeys, number of flats in a block etc.

The findings published as Utopia on trial (Coleman 1985) were controversial, with Newman suggesting that insufficient attention was paid to social factors interacting with the physical.[4] Bill Hillier of the Bartlett School of Architecture argued that many of Coleman's findings on the link between large scale housing and social problems were a statistical artefact: simply put, large blocks have more litter than small because they are larger.[5] Nevertheless in 1991 the government provided £50 million to test the ideas in selected estates under Coleman's direction under the DICE (Design Improvement Controlled Experiment) project (see Coleman 1992). A significant proposal was the removal of overhead walkways linking blocks to reduce opportunities for crime, though the overall effectiveness of DICE, and the general effectiveness of physical design methods over social and economic measures remains controversial.[2]

Other interests

Graphology

Coleman's interest in graphology has included editing and contributing to Graphology magazine and writing a graphological thesaurus.

Literacy

Coleman's most recent publication (Coleman & McKnee 2007) is on the teaching of reading in primary schools, promoting the use of phonics. As a teacher in secondary modern schools in the 1940s prior to her career at King's College London, Coleman claims to have encountered only one pupil in 1200 unable to read. By comparison today perhaps 30 of these would be in special schools for the learning disabled and a further 300 illiterate.

Selected bibliography

Awards

The Royal Geographical Society presented Coleman with the Gill Memorial Award (1963) and Busk Award (1987).

References

  1. 2008,COLEMAN, Prof. Alice Mary in Who's Who 2008, A&C Black
  2. 2.0 2.1 Towers, G. (2000), Shelter is not enough: Transforming multi-storey housing ', pp114 et seq, The Policy Press, ISBN 1-86134-156-3
  3. Corbett J. "Alice Coleman: Design Disadvantagement, 1985.". Center for spatially integrated Social Science. Archived from the original on 18 April 2008. Retrieved 4 April 2008.
  4. Mikellides, B. (2007). "Theory, Practice and Education: architectural Psychology 1969–2007". Brookes eJournal of Learning and Teaching Volume 2, Issue 2. Oxford Brookes University. Archived from the original on 12 March 2008. Retrieved 4 April 2008.
  5. Hillier, Bill (1986). "City of Alice's Dreams". Architect's Journal 9: 39–41.