Aldolase A

Aldolase A, fructose-bisphosphate
PDB rendering based on 4ALD.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 1ALD, 2ALD, 4ALD
Identifiers
Symbols	ALDOA ; ALDA; GSD12
External IDs	OMIM: 103850 MGI: 87994 HomoloGene: 123896 ChEMBL: 2106 GeneCards: ALDOA Gene
EC number	4.1.2.13
Gene ontology Molecular function • actin binding • fructose-bisphosphate aldolase activity • cytoskeletal protein binding • tubulin binding • identical protein binding • fructose binding Cellular component • extracellular region • cytosol • actin cytoskeleton • platelet alpha granule lumen • I band • extracellular vesicular exosome Biological process • platelet degranulation • carbohydrate metabolic process • fructose metabolic process • glucose metabolic process • gluconeogenesis • glycolysis • ATP biosynthetic process • striated muscle contraction • actin filament organization • blood coagulation • regulation of cell shape • platelet activation • fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process • small molecule metabolic process • muscle cell homeostasis • protein homotetramerization Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	226	11674
Ensembl	ENSG00000149925	ENSMUSG00000030695
UniProt	P04075	P05064
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000034	NM_001177307
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000025	NP_001170778
Location (UCSC)	Chr 16: 30.06 – 30.08 Mb	Chr 7: 126.8 – 126.8 Mb
PubMed search

Aldolase A is an enzyme that catalyses a reversible aldol reaction: The substrate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (F-1,6-BP) is broken down into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). This reaction is a part of glycolysis. Three fructose-bisphosphate aldolase isozymes (A, B, and C), encoded by three different genes, are differentially expressed during development. Aldolase A is found in the developing embryo and is produced in even greater amounts in adult muscle. Aldolase A expression is repressed in adult liver, kidney, and intestine and similar to aldolase C levels in brain and other nervous tissue. Aldolase A deficiency has been associated with myopathy and hemolytic anemia. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein.^[1]

β-D-fructose 1,6-phosphate	fructose-bisphosphate aldolase		D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate		dihydroxyacetone phosphate
				+

Compound C05378 at KEGG Pathway Database. Enzyme 4.1.2.13 at KEGG Pathway Database. Compound C00111 at KEGG Pathway Database. Compound C00118 at KEGG Pathway Database.

The numbering of the carbon atoms indicates the fate of the carbons according to their position in fructose 6-phosphate.

Mechanism

In mammalian aldolase, the key catalytic amino acid residues involved in the reaction are lysine and tyrosine. The tyrosine acts as an efficient hydrogen acceptor while the lysine covalently binds and stabilizes the intermediates. Many bacteria use two magnesium ions in place of the lysine.

The reaction mechanism of aldolase. The enzyme's reactive site amino acid's side-chains are shown in blue. Abbreviations: DHAP - dihydroxyacetone phosphate; Fru1,6bP - Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate; GAD - glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate;

Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. ^{[§ 1]}

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Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis edit

1. ↑ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "GlycolysisGluconeogenesis_WP534". 

Interactions

Aldolase A has been shown to interact with PLD2.^[2]

References

Further reading

External links

• http://pdbdev.sdsc.edu:48346/pdb/molecules/pdb50_5.html
• Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• ALDOA
• EC 4.1.2.13

PDB gallery 1ado: FRUCTOSE 1,6-BISPHOSPHATE ALDOLASE FROM RABBIT MUSCLE  1ald: ACTIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF HUMAN ALDOLASES  1ewd: FRUCTOSE 1,6-BISPHOSPHATE ALDOLASE FROM RABBIT MUSCLE  1ewe: Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase from Rabbit Muscle  1ewg:  1ex5: FRUCTOSE 1,6-BISPHOSPHATE ALDOLASE FROM RABBIT MUSCLE  1j4e: FRUCTOSE-1,6-BISPHOSPHATE ALDOLASE COVALENTLY BOUND TO THE SUBSTRATE DIHYDROXYACETONE PHOSPHATE  1zah: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from rabbit muscle  1zai: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Schiff base intermediate in FBP aldolase from rabbit muscle  1zaj: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from rabbit muscle in complex with mannitol-1,6-bisphosphate, a competitive inhibitor  1zal: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from rabbit muscle in complex with partially disordered tagatose-1,6-bisphosphate, a weak competitive inhibitor  2ald: HUMAN MUSCLE ALDOLASE  2ot0: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from rabbit muscle in complex with a C-terminal peptide of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein  2ot1: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from rabbit muscle in complex with naphthol AS-E phosphate, a competitive inhibitor  4ald: HUMAN MUSCLE FRUCTOSE 1,6-BISPHOSPHATE ALDOLASE COMPLEXED WITH FRUCTOSE 1,6-BISPHOSPHATE  6ald: RABBIT MUSCLE ALDOLASE A/FRUCTOSE-1,6-BISPHOSPHATE COMPLEX

Glycolysis Metabolic Pathway

Glucose Hexokinase Glucose 6-phosphate Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Fructose 6-phosphate phosphofructokinase-1 Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase ATP ADP ATP ADP Dihydroxyacetone phosphate Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Triosephosphate isomerase Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate NAD+ + Pi NADH + H+ + 2 2 Phosphoglycerate kinase 3-Phosphoglycerate Phosphoglycerate mutase 2-Phosphoglycerate Phosphopyruvate hydratase(Enolase) Phosphoenolpyruvate Pyruvate kinase Pyruvate ADP ATP H2O ADP ATP 2 2 2 2 Index of inborn errors of metabolism Description Metabolism Enzymes and pathways: citric acid cycle enzymes pentose phosphate intermediates glycoproteins enzymes glycosaminoglycans proteoglycan enzymes phospholipid metabolism cholesterol and steroid intermediates sphingolipids enzymes eicosanoids enzymes amino acid intermediates urea cycle enzymes nucleotide intermediates Disorders Citric acid cycle and electron transport chain Glycoprotein Proteoglycan Fatty-acid Phospholipid Cholesterol and steroid Eicosanoid Amino acid Purine-pyrimidine Heme metabolism Symptoms and signs Treatment Drugs other