Albert Balink

Albert Balink

A Dutch man looking at the camera and smiling; the image is in poor condition

Balink in the 1930s
Born 3 August 1906
The Netherlands
Died 1 February 1976 (aged 69)
United States
Nationality Dutch
Occupation Journalist, filmmaker
Years active 1920s–1950s
Notable work

Albert Henrica Everardus Catherina ('Albert') Balink[1] (3 August 1906 – 1 February 1976) was a Dutch-Indonesian journalist and filmmaker who made important contributions to the Indonesian cinema in the 1930s. Born in the Netherlands, he made his start in the Dutch East Indies as a journalist writing extensively on film. Having learned filmmaking from books, in the mid-1930s he released a documentary and two feature films. In 1938 he immigrated to the United States and married, founding and becoming the editor of The Knickerbocker. His two feature films, Pareh (1936) and Terang Boelan (1937), have been considered the most important films from the Dutch East Indies of the 1930s.

Biography

Balink, of Dutch-Indonesian descent, was born on 3 August 1906;[2][3] the 1940 United States Census indicates his place of birth as the Netherlands (written "Holland").[4] In the early 1920s and 1930s Balink was a reporter with De Locomotief, a newspaper based in Semarang,[5] as well as the Soematra Post based out of Medan.[6] Among his main interests as a journalist while with these papers was film.[5]

With the Wong brothers, Balink started the Java Pacific Film production company in 1934, in what was then the Dutch East Indies. At the time Balink was inexperienced with film, having only book knowledge.[7] Java Pacific Film, which was headquartered in an old tapioca flour factory, first produced the documentary film De Merapi Dreigt (Mount Merapi Looms), in 1934. Advertised as the first documentary film with sound in the Dutch East Indies, it was a critical success.[8] However, Balink's main interest was in feature films. All feature films released in the Dutch East Indies between 1934 and 1935 had been directed by The Teng Chun, based on Chinese mythology or martial arts, and targeted at low-class audiences, generally ethnic Chinese. Balink intended to reach an upper-class audience.[9]

The studio, working with Mannus Franken, then produced Pareh (Rice; 1936), an ethnographic film considered a forerunner for the "Indonesia Indah" films.[10][11] Balink had brought Franken to the country to ensure its artistic quality and worked to secure funding from various sponsors; he also spent more than a year scouring the country to cast the film, as he had already decided what the characters would be like. However, the film, which had cost 75,000 gulden to produce, was a flop and bankrupted the company, including Balink, despite being well received in the Netherlands.[2][12][5]

Balink then found financial backing to establish the Dutch Indies Film Syndicate (Algemeen Nederlandsch Indisch Filmsyndicaat, or ANIF), which produced its first newsreel on 22 December 1936; this reel showed the Gambir Market, festivities at the governor-general's palace, and the inauguration of Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer.[8]

In 1937, Balink directed Terang Boelan (Full Moon), "often described as the first full-length Indonesian film in Malay".[13] The story, following a young couple who have not received their parents' blessings, was written by the reporter Saeroen.[14] Terang Boelan proved to be the most commercially successful local production until 1953's Krisis (Crisis), released after Indonesia had become independent.[15] However, the studio's backers disapproved of Balink's interest in feature films, leading to him leaving the Indies to unsuccessfully try and become a Hollywood director.[16] In 1991 the American visual anthropologist Karl G. Heider wrote that Pareh and Terang Boelan were the two most important cinematic works from the Dutch East Indies during the 1930s.[17]

In March 1938[18] Balink immigrated to the United States, became a citizen, and worked as a correspondent for de Volkskrant.[19][20] The 1940 United States Census indicates him living in Queens, New York, with his wife Lydia, a woman from New Jersey 12 years his junior; Lydia worked with him as a secretary.[4] In 1948, he published a socioeconomic study of the Caribbean, My Paradise is Hell.[21] In the 1950s he was editor of the magazine The Knickerbocker, a publication for Dutch Americans which he had established. With the magazine he helped the baseball player Han Urbanus train with the New York Giants and chaired the William the Silent Award Committee.[22][23][24] Balink died in the United States on 1 February 1976.[3][5]

Filmography

References

  1. ↑ "van Otten geneolgy". Retrieved 1 January 2013.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Gray, Gordon (15 March 2010). Cinema: A Visual Anthropology. Berg. p. 83. ISBN 9781845207939. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Albert Balink". filmmuseum.nl. Amsterdam: EYE Film Institute Netherlands. 16 September 2011. Archived from the original on 23 July 2012. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Sixteenth United States Federal Census, 1940; Queens, New York; roll T627_2725, page 62B, line 58–59 , enumeration district 41-249 . Retrieved on 24 July 2012.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "Albert Balink". Encyclopedia of Jakarta (in Indonesian). Jakarta City Government. Archived from the original on 24 July 2012. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  6. ↑ Biran 2009, p. 155.
  7. ↑ Biran 2009, p. 146.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Biran 2009, pp. 165–166.
  9. ↑ Biran 2009, pp. 145–146, 380–381.
  10. ↑ Biran 2009, p. 156.
  11. ↑ Roberts, Martin (2000). "Indonesia: The Movie". In Hjort Mette. Cinema and Nation. Scott MacKenzie. Psychology Press. pp. 162–76. ISBN 9780415208635. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
  12. ↑ Biran 2009, pp. 159–160.
  13. ↑ Heide, William Van Der (2002). Malaysian Cinema, Asian Film: Border Crossings and National Cultures. Amsterdam UP. p. 128. ISBN 9789053565803. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  14. ↑ Biran 2009, p. 169.
  15. ↑ Anwar, Rosihan (2004). Sejarah Kecil "petite histoire" Indonesia [A Short History of Indonesia] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Kompas. p. 84. ISBN 978-979-709-428-7.
  16. ↑ Biran 2009, pp. 172–173.
  17. ↑ Heider, Karl G. (1991). Indonesian Cinema: National Culture on Screen. U of Hawaii P. p. 15. ISBN 9780824813673. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
  18. ↑ "Albert Balink". Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad (in Dutch) (Batavia: Kolff & Co.). 14 March 1938. p. 3. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  19. ↑ Scott-Smith, Giles (2008). Networks of Empire: The US State Department's Foreign Leader Program in the Netherlands, France, and Britain 1950–1970. Peter Lang. p. 191. ISBN 9789052012568. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  20. ↑ International Press Institute (1972). The flow of the news: a study. Arno Press. p. 43.
  21. ↑ Deckard, Sharae (2010). Paradise Discourse, Imperialism, and Globalization: Exploiting Eden. Routledge. pp. 200 n.6. ISBN 9781135224028. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  22. ↑ Chetwynd, Josh (2008). Baseball in Europe: A Country by Country History. McFarland. p. 21. ISBN 9780786437245. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  23. ↑ "The Press: In Memoriam". Time. 24 July 1950. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  24. ↑ Lardner, Rex (11 April 1953). "The Talk of the Town: Honkbal". The New Yorker: 20.

Bibliography

External links