Alaska political corruption probe

The Alaska political corruption probe refers to a 2004 to 2010 widespread investigation by the Public Integrity Section of the U.S. Department of Justice, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Internal Revenue Service into political corruption of nine then-current or former Alaskan state lawmakers, as well as Republican US Representative Don Young and then-US Senator, Republican Ted Stevens. Sometimes referred to as 'The Corrupt Bastard's Club' or the 'Polar Pen Investigation', the investigation focused on the oil industry, fisheries and for-profit prison industries.

By Spring of 2006, the FBI set up in a Baranof hotel suite just three blocks away from the capitol building in Juneau. From their position in the hotel suite, they gathered evidence, such as a videotape of VECO's CEO Bill Allen arranging paper money for legislators, and made other observations By August 2008, the investigation resulted in indictments against six sitting or former Alaska Republican state legislators on corruption charges. In August 2008 US Senator Ted Stevens was indicted and, by October, he was convicted in Washington, D.C. on seven felony counts of failure to disclose gifts. The convictions, eight days before the November 2008 election, resulted in his narrow loss to Democrat Mark Begich after 40 years in the U.S. Senate. His convictions were later set aside and the United States Department of Justice declined further prosecution.

In addition to the conviction of US Senator Stevens, two executives of the VECO Corporation, an oilfield services contractor, pleaded guilty to charges of bribery and conspiracy to impede the Internal Revenue Service. Alaska businessmen/lobbyists Bill Weimar (former for-profit halfway house owner) and Bill Bobrick, as well as Jim Clark, the former governor's chief of staff, also were indicted and convicted. Clark's guilty plea and sentence were later vacated before he was ordered to report to custody. That was followed by ex-Alaska State Rep. Bruce Weyhrauch prevailing at the Supreme Court on a challenge to the Honest services fraud statute. His case was decided on June 24, 2010, in association with the Skilling v. United States and Conrad Black case decisions. Weyhrauch's federal case was remanded to the 9th Circuit Court of Appeal and later dismissed.

History

The probe began in 2004 or earlier. By 2006 the name "Corrupt Bastards Club" (alternatively "Corrupt Bastards Caucus") began being used to designate Alaska legislators implicated in the federal corruption (a.k.a., "Polar Pen") investigation. The nickname originated in the spring of 2006 as a barroom joke among Alaska legislators after a guest article by Lori Backes, executive director of All Alaska Alliance, that ran in Alaska's three largest newspapers named 11 lawmakers who had received large campaign contributions from executives of the oilfield services company VECO Corporation, which had a long history of making large campaign contributions to Alaska politicians. The article also named Senate President Ben Stevens as having received large consulting fees from VECO.[1][2]

In her article, Backes detailed the amount of political campaign donations contributed between 1998 and 2004 by the top seven VECO executives to Alaska lawmakers who were in office at the time her article was written. The figures were based on reports to the Alaska Public Offices Commission

Additionally, Backes noted the consulting contract Senate President Ben Stevens (R-Anchorage) had with VECO Corporation and financial relationships other lawmakers had with other companies active in the oil and gas industry, including Conoco Phillips and ASCG Incorporated, the latter a subsidiary of Arctic Slope Regional Corporation which is heavily involved in oilfield business in Alaska.[1]

According to Chenault, one of the lawmakers named in the article: "Somebody walked up [in the bar] and said, 'You corrupt bastards,' and that name stuck." Hats with the label "CBC," standing for "Corrupt Bastards Club" or "Corrupt Bastards Caucus," were later printed up, but according to Chenault "that was the extent of the CBC deal."[2]

The FBI had set up in a Baranof hotel suite just three blocks away from the capitol building in Juneau. There they videotaped VECO's CEO Bill Allen, peeling off bills for legislators to stuff in their pockets. According to the Juneau Empire, Metcalfe said he had spoken with FBI agents about the case, but didn't know how the feds first got interested in Alaska."I think the jury is still out on what started this," said Metcalfe. Juneau Mayor Bruce Botelho, the longest serving attorney general in the state's history over two administrations, said it looks like those state agencies responsible for ensuring ethical government failed to do their jobs, but it is too soon to tell for sure.

Raids on legislative offices

On August 31 and September 1, 2006 the FBI served some 20 search warrants in Anchorage, Juneau, Wasilla, Eagle River, Girdwood, and Willow, primarily on the offices of several legislators. Republican legislators whose offices were searched included Senator John Cowdery, Senate President (and son of U.S. Senator Ted Stevens) Ben Stevens, Representatives Vic Kohring, Bruce Weyhrauch, Pete Kott and Bev Masek as well as Democratic Senator Donny Olson.[3][4][5] The warrants permitted the search of computer files, personal diaries, Alaska Public Offices Commission reports, and any other items showing evidence of financial ties between legislators and the oilfield services company VECO Corporation,[6] as well as clothing items with the phrase "Corrupt Bastards Club" or its related acronym printed on it.[5] A search warrant for Sen. Olson's Juneau office, made available by his office to the public, specifically authorized the seizure of documents relating to VECO Corporation executives Bill Allen (CEO), Richard Smith (vice president), Pete Leathard (president), and Roger Chan (chief financial officer). The warrant also authorized the seizure of clothing, including hats, bearing the logos or phrases "VECO," "Corrupt Bastards Caucus," "Corrupt Bastards Club," or "CBC" printed on them.[7]

John Cowdery was indicted for bribery and extortion under official right and bribery concerning programs that receive federal funding.

Management of corruption investigation

It later emerged that the investigation of political corruption in Alaska was being managed not by the Alaska U.S. Attorney's office, but rather by the Public Integrity Section of the U.S. Department of Justice in Washington, D.C., with FBI agents working out of the FBI building in downtown Anchorage acting as lead investigators. The FBI raids on legislative offices on August 31 and September 1 involved dozens of extra FBI agents brought up from the Lower 48, but sent home after the initial round of searches and interviews. Other agencies, including the Internal Revenue Service, were also involved.[8]

The Public Integrity Section, created in 1976, is charged with investigation of election fraud, misconduct by federal judges, and corruption of elected officials in all levels of government — federal, state, and local.[8][9] While U.S. Attorney offices also investigate and prosecute public corruption cases, because U.S. Attorneys are political appointees in local jurisdictions, they are sometimes recused from particular cases.[8][10]

Brooke Miles, then-executive director of the Alaska Public Offices Commission, reported that the FBI began to collect public campaign reports and financial disclosure records on selected Alaska legislators perhaps a year prior to the raids, and returned at the start of 2006 to obtain such records for all legislators.[8]

Investigation widens

Fisheries

The FBI conducted a second search on the legislative office of Sen. Ben Stevens on September 18, 2006, seizing among other items documents related to the proposed natural gas pipeline and the oil and gas tax law which had been discussed in the Alaska Legislature during the regular and two special legislative sessions in 2006, as well as items related his work on the Senate Ethics Committee and documents related to fisheries. Stevens disclosed the Anchorage Daily News that the FBI seized items during both searches of his office related to the Alaska Fisheries Marketing Board (AFMB), created under legislation by Ben Steven's father, U.S. Senator Ted Stevens, to distribute federal grants to promote Alaska seafood.[11] Ben Stevens had been chair of AFMB until early in 2006.[12] He had received consulting fees from at least three organizations that had benefited from the grants[11] — over $250,000 during the time he served on the board.[12] Other documents related to fisheries were also seized in the September 18 FBI search.[11] One of these was a copy of an affidavit by Victor Smith, a salmon fisherman from Friday Harbor who alleged that Stevens had been paid by a seiners association to lobby his father and that he failed to disclose that income as required by Alaska law.[12]

Private corrections

In October 2006, Rep. Vic Kohring's attorney, Wayne Anthony Ross, provided the Anchorage Daily News with a copy of the search warrant that had been served on Kohring on August 31, as well as a list of items seized. The warrant showed that federal investigators were also interested in information related to developer Marc Marlow and correspondence between Kohring and the Alaska Department of Corrections. Ross told the Anchorage Daily News that his client had been questioned by the FBI about Cornell Companies' (now owned by GEO Group) effort in cooperation with VECO Corporation to build a private prison in Whittier, an effort which failed due to gubernatorial and bipartisan legislative opposition. The Daily News observed, "Those documents, though lacking detail or context, suggest that the probe is wide-ranging and not focused on any one company, issue or individual."[13]

Tom Anderson arrested on federal bribery and extortion charges

The observation by the Anchorage Daily News and other news organizations that the probe had a wider focus than legislators' ties to VECO Corporation was confirmed on December 7, 2006, when Representative Tom Anderson - whose offices had not been targeted by the August and September FBI raids — was arrested on allegations of extortion, bribery, conspiracy, and money laundering involving his support of a private corrections company. Anderson was accused of accepting money from a private corrections company through a shell corporation set up by a lobbyist, identified in Anderson's charging documents as "Lobbyist A" and later identified as prominent Anchorage lobbyist Bill Bobrick, to disguise the source of payments. Unbeknownst to Anderson or Bobrick, their contact with the private corrections company was a confidential source of the FBI working undercover. According to federal prosecutors, the private corrections company — unidentified in the court documents but widely believed to be Cornell Companies — was not implicated in the plot, and had been unaware of the FBI investigation until Anderson's indictment and arrest. The confidential informant in the case was Frank Prewitt, a former commissioner of the Alaska Department of Corrections who later took jobs first with halfway house entrepreneur Bill Weimar, and subsequently with Cornell Companies, which bought out Weimar to establish its Alaska operations.[14] Court documents filed on March 22, 2010 in a criminal appeal indicated that Prewitt had been paid $200,000 for his assistance in investigating and convicting his former associates.[15]

Subpoenas of fisheries businesses

Additional subpoenas were served on fishery executives involved with federal funding and the United Fishermen of Alaska who have had business associations with Ben Stevens.[16]

Figures of note

Name Indicted Pled Guilty/Convicted Sentenced Sentence Started Serving Current Location
Bill Allen Yes May 7, 2007 October 28, 2009 Three years, $750,000 fine Released from New Mexico halfway house on November 22, 2011.[17]
Tom Anderson Yes July 9, 2007 October 15, 2007 60 months December 3, 2007 Released to halfway house 2/1/11, from probation 5/11.[18]
Bill Bobrick Yes May 16, 2007 November 27, 2007 5 months
Jim Clark Yes/later vacated March 4, 2008 Court vacated indictment and sentence, all charges dropped
John Cowdery Yes December 19, 2008 March 10, 2009 6 months house arrest, $25,000 fine Died, July 13, 2013.[19]
Vic Kohring Yes November 1, 2007 May 8, 2008 3½ years Pleaded guilty after previous conviction overturned, sentenced to time already served, plus one year of supervised release. Many appeals denied.
Pete Kott Yes September 25, 2007 December 7, 2007 72 months January 17, 2008 Pleaded guilty after previous conviction was overturned, sentenced to time already served, three years supervised release, fine of $10,000
Beverly Masek Yes March 12, 2009 September 23, 2009 November 11, 2009
Donald Olson No Refused proffered bribe, never indicted
Rick Smith Yes May 7, 2007 October 28, 2009 21 months, $10,000 fine
Ben Stevens No
Ted Stevens Yes October 27, 2008 Convictions voided, no retrial was held Died August 9, 2010
Jerry Ward No
Bill Weimar Yes August 11, 2008 Nov 12, 2008 6 months and $75,000 fine Completed federal sentence and probation. Captured after fleeing to Cuba and Mexico after Sarasota, Florida, child sexual abuse allegations. Charges eventually dropped.[20]
Bruce Weyhrauch Yes Federal charges dismissed, pled guilty to state charges, received probation
Don Young No Serving in Congress

Indictment, arrest of Kott, Kohring and Weyhrauch

On May 4, 2007, former Representatives Pete Kott (R-Eagle River) and Bruce Weyhrauch (R-Juneau) were arrested and charged with bribery, extortion wire and mail fraud. Then-Representative Vic Kohring (R-Wasilla) later turned himself in and was similarly charged. All three were arraigned in Juneau. Charges against the three involved allegations of soliciting and receiving money and favors from VECO chief executive officer Bill Allen and chief lobbyist and V.P. Rick Smith in return for their votes on an oil tax law favored by the VECO that was the subject of vigorous debate during the 2006 legislative session and two special sessions in 2006.[21]

Kott and Kohring were both convicted, but their convictions were later vacated due to misconduct by the prosecuting attorneys. In 2011 both agreed to plead guilty. Prosecutors agreed to recommend both men be sentenced to time served and subject to conditions upon release.[22] Kohring lost his latest bid to appeal his conviction, turned down unanimously by an en banc hearing of the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals.[23]

Of the original seven lawmakers who had their legislative offices searched, only State Senator Don Olson (D-Nome) was not implicated in the scandal.

VECO executives indicted, plead guilty

In the wake of the scandal VECO was broken up and most of its assets, including its former Alaska headquarters in Anchorage, were purchased by CH2M HILL

On May 7, 2007, VECO CEO Bill Allen and Vice President for Community & Government Affairs Rick Smith pleaded guilty in U.S. District Court in Anchorage to charges of extortion, bribery, and conspiracy to impede the Internal Revenue Service.

In addition to the three politicians arraigned on May 4, the new court filings mention illegal payments made to a former state senator, named as "Senator B" in court documents, who received over $240,000 from VECO Corp. over several years, income which Senator B reported as "consulting fees." In the May 7 guilty pleas by Allen and Smith, they admit that the only work done by Senator B in exchange for the funds was advancing VECO's agenda in the state legislature. The only former state senator who matches the information contained in court documents about Senator B is former Senator Ben Stevens (R-Anchorage), son of U.S. Senator Ted Stevens (R-Alaska). To date, Ben Stevens has not been indicted.[24] Another state senator discussed in the court documents, identified as "Senator A" in court documents, was identified by sources as John Cowdery.[25]

On May 11, 2007 at a meeting of the VECO Corporation's board of directors and shareholders, Bill Allen resigned as the company's CEO and chairman of its board of directors, citing "the best interest of the corporation, all of our companies, and our many valued employees and customers." Allen's daughter Tammy Kerrigan replaced him as chairman of the board; a new CEO had not yet been chosen. At the same meeting, Rick Smith resigned from his position as vice president of community and government affairs. It is not clear from the VECO statement if Smith's position will be refilled.[26]

Lobbyist Bill Bobrick charged, pled guilty in Tom Anderson bribery probe

On May 14, 2007, William (Bill) Bobrick, a prominent municipal lobbyist in Anchorage, was charged with one count of conspiracy to commit extortion, bribery, and money laundering in the same scheme for which Rep. Tom Anderson was indicted the previous December. Bobrick was the creator of the shell corporation, Pacific Publishing, through which money was allegedly funneled to Anderson. Bobrick also received money through the scheme.[27] Bobrick appeared in U.S. District Court in Anchorage on May 16, where he entered a guilty plea. Bobrick was sentenced after the trial of Tom Anderson, scheduled to begin June 25, where Bobrick testified for the prosecution. Under sentencing guidelines Bobrick faced a possible 2 to 2½ years imprisonment, but his sentence was reduced to six months in return for his cooperation with prosecutors.[28]

In reaction to Bobrick's part in the corruption scandal, the Anchorage Assembly on May 22, 2007 unanimously approved a measure which prohibits individuals who have been convicted of a felony within the past 10 years of registering as a lobbyist with the Municipality of Anchorage.[29]

US Senator Ted Stevens investigated, charged, convicted and verdict vacated

Mug shot of Ted Stevens, taken by the United States Marshals Service in July 2008.

Ted Stevens was also investigated by both the FBI and IRS. Authorities investigated an extensive remodeling project done at Stevens' home in the small town of Girdwood. Unusual aspects of this remodeling project that were investigated were that the project was supervised by VECO, and invoices for the work on the residence were first sent to VECO before being sent to the senator. Some of the issues investigated were the extent of work done on the home, exactly who paid the invoices from the construction contractors and their subcontractors, and the purpose and extent of VECO's involvement.

On the morning of July 30, 2007, agents from the FBI and the IRS raided the residence in Girdwood. Photographs and video of the inside and outside of the residence were taken. Wine bottles in the home were photographed as objects of interest. The raid continued well into the evening.

On July 29, 2008, just a day short of the anniversary of the Girdwood raids, Stevens was charged with seven counts of false statements involving VECO, the oil services company in Alaska, and the renovations done on his home.

Stevens was found guilty on all charges on October 27, 2008. Eight days later Stevens narrowly lost re-election to Democratic Anchorage Mayor Mark Begich.

On April 1, 2009 Attorney General Eric Holder decided to drop all charges against Ted Stevens after a review of the case turned up evidence of prosecutorial misconduct, including failure to turn over potentially exculpatory evidence to Stevens' attorneys. Since Stevens had not been sentenced, Holder's action effectively vacated Stevens' conviction.

Stevens died en route to a remote hunting lodge, in a corporate executive airplane crash on August 9, 2010,[30]

US dropped Jim Clark corruption conviction

In 2008, Clark admitted that he was aware that Veco Corp had paid $10,000 for a political poll to gauge the popularity of then-incumbent Governor Murkowski, and was charged with "honest services fraud". Before he was sentenced, the US Supreme Court ruled that the statute was drafted with unconstitutional vagueness and henceforth will only cover "fraudulent schemes to deprive another of honest services through bribes or kickbacks supplied by a third party who ha[s] not been deceived." [3] Since Clark was guilty of neither bribes nor kickbacks, all charges were voided. [4]

Bill Weimar pleads guilty to making illegal campaign contributions

On August 11, 2008, the Anchorage Daily News reported that Bill Weimar, a former operator of halfway houses for inmates in Alaska was indicted and charged with two felony counts alleging campaign finance violations. Weimar funneled money to an unnamed consultant for an unnamed state legislative candidate in 2004. Weimar agreed to plead guilty to the charges, and in exchange prosecutors will ask for a reduced sentence, a nonbinding agreement that the judge is free to modify. Weimar subsequently pleaded guilty in federal court in Anchorage. His sentencing occurred on November 12, 2008. Weimar was sentenced to 6 months in federal prison and ordered to pay a US $75,000 fine. In 2010, Weimar who was on federal probation after serving six months in prison for illegal campaign contributions, allegedly forced sex on a six-year-old Sarasota girl. After being indicted on January 23, 2011 he fled to Havana, Cuba. From there he flew to Cancun, Mexico where he was arrested on his yacht and extradited back to Florida.[31]

Jerry Ward implicated in probe

On December 15, 2008, the Anchorage Daily News reported that former Alaska state senator Jerry Ward had been implicated in the probe. Ward allegedly convinced a witness in the trial against Senator Ted Stevens to lie about an immunity deal in court to ensure that he was included in it and would therefore not be prosecuted. According to federal prosecutors, Ward had been under investigation for some time over his relationship with Bill Weimar, who was convicted of two felony counts in the matter and sentenced to prison. While he was presumed to be under continued investigation, Ward was not charged.[32]

John Cowdery pleads guilty

On December 18, 2008 KTUU Anchorage Channel 2, an affiliate of NBC, reported that John Cowdery had agreed to change his plea from not guilty to guilty in exchange for some of the charges against him being dropped. As part of his plea agreement, Cowdery did not have to testify against other defendants in the case. No sentencing parameters were agreed upon as a result of this agreement. Cowdery subsequently pleaded guilty in federal court on December 19, 2008. Due in part to his age and alleged infirmity, he was only sentenced to 6 months of house arrest and fined US$25,000. Cowdery died on July 13, 2013.

Beverly Masek pleads guilty

On March 13, 2009, the Anchorage Daily News reported that former Alaska state representative Beverly Masek had pleaded guilty to soliciting and accepting at least $4,000 in bribes from VECO Corp. Masek, who originally rose to fame by competing in the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race while still known by her maiden name of Beverly Jerue, was first elected to the House in 1994. Masek represented a district consisting of the northern and western reaches of the Matanuska-Susitna Borough in the House from 1995 to 2005 before being defeated by Mark Neuman in the 2004 primary election. Masek was sentenced on September 23, 2009.[33]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Backes, Lori. (March 3, 2006). "Follow money to governor's gas deal — Compass: Points of view from the community." Republished September 5, 2006. Anchorage Daily News." Retrieved on 2007-05-09.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Volz, Matt. (September 5, 2006). "From barroom joke to federal warrants." Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved on May 9, 2007.
  3. ↑ Volz, Matt. (August 31, 2006). "FBI agents search offices of at least six lawmakers." Associated Press. Anchorage Daily News Retrieved May 7, 2007.
  4. ↑ Mauer, Richard. (September 5, 2006). "Federal agents raid legislative offices." Anchorage Daily News Retrieved May 7, 2007.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Demer, Lisa. (September 6, 2006). "FBI wanted to know about VECO, hat gifts — Legislators: Reps. Bill Stoltze, Mike Hawker were questioned, not suspected." Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved May 7, 2007.
  6. ↑ Associated Press. (August 31, 2006). "Aides say agents looking for gifts, financial information." Associated Press. Anchorage Daily News Retrieved May 7, 2007.
  7. ↑ United States District Court, District of Alaska. (August 29, 2006).Search warrant for the legislative office of State Senator Donald Olson, located in the State Capitol Building, Room 510, Juneau, Alaska. Case no. 3:06-mJ-00153-JDR.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Mauer, Richard. (September 11, 2006). "Probe of Veco, lawmakers led by Justice Dept." Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved on May 11, 2007.
  9. ↑ U.S. Department of Justice. (n.d.) Public Integrity Section. U.S. Department of Justice, Criminal Division. Retrieved on May 10, 2007.
  10. ↑ Public Integrity Section. (2006) Report to Congress on the Activities and Operations of the Public Integrity Section for 2005. U.S. Department of Justice, Criminal Division. Retrieved on May 10, 2007.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Mauer, Richard and Lisa Demer. (September 26, 2006). "FBI returns for more from Stevens' office — Connection: Some material relates to fisheries legislation his father handled in U.S. Senate." Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved on May 11, 2007.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Berton, Hal. (October 4, 2006). "Alaska probe turns from oil to fish." Seattle Times. Retrieved on May 14, 2007.
  13. ↑ Demer, Lisa. (October 9, 2006). "FBI looks at more than Veco — Inquiry: Officials show interest in a developer and the Department of Corrections." Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved on May 14, 2007.
  14. ↑ Mauer, Richard, Lisa Demer, and Tom Kizzia. (December 9, 2006). "Anderson indicted on seven counts: Federal bribery case centers on link to prison firm lobbyist." Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved on May 11, 2007.
  15. ↑ http://www.adn.com/2010/03/23/1196639/filing-fbi-paid-prewitt-200k-during.html
  16. ↑ Loy, Wesley. (December 23, 2006). "Subpoenas blanket the fishing industry"Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved on February 22, 2013.
  17. ↑ 'Bill Allen Scheduled for Release Next week, Anchorage Daily News, November 15, 2011, Retrieved September 26, 2013.
  18. ↑ 'Convicted Alaska lawmaker released to halfway house', Anchorage Daily News, February 1, 2011, Sean Cockerham, Retrieved September 27, 2013.
  19. ↑ John Cowdery, Former Alaska Lawmaker, Dies at the Age of 83 - ktuu.com
  20. ↑ 'Florida drops child-sex charge against former Alaskan', Anchorage Daily News, Lisa Demer, July 20, 2011, Retrieved September 26, 2013.
  21. ↑ Burke, Jill. (May 4, 2007). "Kott, Weyhrauch and Kohring arrested for corruption." KTUU Channel 2 News, Anchorage. Retrieved on May 7, 2007.
  22. ↑ Prosecutors Outline Kott, Kohring Plea Agreements Associated Press/Alaska Public Radio Network 10/19/11
  23. ↑ 'Kohring loses latest bid to have corruption conviction overturned, Anchorage Daily News, Richard Mauer, September 17, 2013, Retrieved September 26, 2013.
  24. ↑ Demer, Lisa and Toomey, Sheila. (May 7, 2007). "Unnamed lawmakers cited in federal charges against Veco identifiable." Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved on May 7, 2007.
  25. ↑ Tracy, John. (May 7, 2007). "VECO brass strike plea deal on charges of bribing lawmakers." KTUU Channel 2 News, Anchorage. Retrieved on May 7, 2007.
  26. ↑ Demer, Lisa. (May 11, 2007). "Allen out as VECO CEO." Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved on May 11, 2007.
  27. ↑ Demer, Lisa. (May 15, 2007). "Bobrick charged with conspiracy in bribery probe." Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved on May 15, 2007.
  28. ↑ Demer, Lisa. (May 17, 2007). "Top lobbyist admits scheme: Influence money funneled to Rep. Tom Anderson, Bobrick testifies." Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved on May 23, 2007.
  29. ↑ Hopkins, Kyle. (May 23, 2007). "Corruption case prompts ethics action in Assembly — Influence: Convicted felons can't register to be lobbyists on city business." Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved on May 23, 2007.
  30. ↑ "Stevens killed in crash near Dillingham - KTUU.com". KTUU.com. August 4, 2010. Archived from the original on August 11, 2010. Retrieved August 10, 2010.
  31. ↑ Mauer, Richard (February 15, 2011). "Weimar flight from Cuba to Mexico cost him his freedom" Anchorage Daily News Accessed 2/24/11
  32. ↑ Story
  33. ↑ 'Judge shows leniency in Masek corruption case', Anchorage Daily News, Richard Mauer, September 24, 2009. Retrieved October 2, 2013.

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