Akkermansia muciniphila
| Akkermansia muciniphila | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Verrucomicrobia |
| Class: | Verrucomicrobiae |
| Order: | Verrucomicrobiales |
| Family: | Verrucomicrobiaceae |
| Genus: | Akkermansia |
| Species: | A. muciniphila |
| Binomial name | |
| Akkermansia muciniphila Derrien et al 2004 | |
Akkermansia muciniphila is a species of human intestinal mucin-degrading bacterium, the type species for a new genus, Akkermansia, proposed in 2004 by Muriel Derrien and others.[1]:1474 It is Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming and oval-shaped. Its type strain is MucT (=ATCC BAA-835T =CIP 107961T).[1] Extensive research is being undertaken to understand its association with obesity and diabetes.[2][3][4]
Description of Akkermansia muciniphila sp. nov.
Akkermansia muciniphila (mu.ci.ni'phi.la. N.L. neut. n. mucinum mucin; Gr. adj. philos loving; N.L. fem. adj. muciniphila mucin-loving).
Cells are oval-shaped, non-motile and stain Gram-negative. The long axis of single cells is 0.6–1.0 nm, depending on the substrate used. Cells occur singly, in pairs, in short chains and in aggregates. Growth occurs at 20–40°C and pH 5.5–8.0, with optimum growth at 37°C and pH 6.5. Strictly anaerobic. Able to grow on gastric mucin, brain–heart infusion and Columbia media, and on N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine and glucose when these three sugars are in the presence of (each at 2 g l−1) peptone, yeast extract, casitone and tryptone. Cellobiose, lactose, galactose, xylose, fucose, rhamnose, maltose, succinate, acetate, fumarate, butyrate, lactate, casitone, Casamino acids, tryptone, peptone, yeast extract, proline, glycine, aspartate, serine, threonine and glutamate do not support growth. Capable of using mucin as carbon, energy and nitrogen source. Able to release sulfate in a free form from mucin fermentation. In mucin medium, cells are covered with filaments. Growth occurs without vitamins. Colonies appear white with a diameter of 0.7 mm in soft agar mucin medium. Genome contains 2.6 mb of information.
The type strain is MucT (=ATCC BAA-835T=CIP 107961T), isolated from the human intestinal tract. Its DNA G+C content is 47.6 mol%.[1]:1474
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Derrien, M. (2004). "Akkermansia muciniphila gen. nov., sp. nov., a human intestinal mucin-degrading bacterium". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY 54 (5): 1469–1476. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02873-0. ISSN 1466-5026.
- ↑ Everard, A.; Belzer, C.; Geurts, L.; Ouwerkerk, J. P.; Druart, C.; Bindels, L. B.; Guiot, Y.; Derrien, M.; Muccioli, G. G.; Delzenne, N. M.; de Vos, W. M.; Cani, P. D. (2013). "Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110 (22): 9066–9071. doi:10.1073/pnas.1219451110. ISSN 0027-8424.
- ↑ Wageningen University and Research Centre (2013, May 15). Intestinal bacterium Akkermansia curbs obesity. ScienceDaily. Retrieved August
- ↑ REILLY, RACHEL (13 May 2013). "Good gut bacteria could provide new treatment for obesity and diabetes". Daily Mail. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
Further reading
- Derrien, M.; Collado, M. C.; Ben-Amor, K.; Salminen, S.; de Vos, W. M. (2007). "The Mucin Degrader Akkermansia muciniphila Is an Abundant Resident of the Human Intestinal Tract". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74 (5): 1646–1648. doi:10.1128/AEM.01226-07. ISSN 0099-2240.
- van Passel MW, Kant R, Zoetendal EG et al. (2011). "The genome of Akkermansia muciniphila, a dedicated intestinal mucin degrader, and its use in exploring intestinal metagenomes". Plos One 6 (3): e16876. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016876. PMC 3048395. PMID 21390229. Retrieved 2013-08-25.