Aim for the Ace!

Aim for the Ace!

Cover of manga volume 1.
エースをねらえ!
(Ēsu o Nerae!)
Genre Sports, Romance
Manga
Written by Sumika Yamamoto
Published by Shueisha
Demographic Shōjo
Magazine Margaret
Original run January 1973 – February 1980
Volumes 18
Anime television series
Directed by Osamu Dezaki
Music by Goh Misawa
Studio Tokyo Movie
Network Mainichi Broadcasting System
Original run October 5, 1973 – March 29, 1974
Episodes 26
Anime television series
Shin Ace o Nerae!
Directed by Minoru Okazaki
Music by Kōji Makaino
Studio Tokyo Movie Shinsha
Network Nippon Television
Original run October 14, 1978 – March 31, 1979
Episodes 25
Anime film
Directed by Osamu Dezaki
Produced by Yutaka Fujioka
Written by Keisuke Fujikawa
Music by Kōji Makaino
Studio Tokyo Movie Shinsha
Released September 8, 1979
Runtime 88 minutes
Original video animation
Ace o Nerae! 2
Directed by Noboru Furuse
Written by Makiko Mikami
Megumi Hiyoshi
Music by Hiroaki Serizawa
Studio Tokyo Movie Shinsha
Released March 25, 1988
Episodes 13
Original video animation
Ace o Nerae! Final Stage
Directed by Osamu Dezaki
Written by Masami Mori
Rika Kaidō
Music by Hiroaki Serizawa
Studio TMS Entertainment
Released November 25, 1989
Episodes 12
Television drama
Directed by Hidetomo Matsuda
Shunji Muguruma
Yoshinori Kobayashi
Written by Akiyo Takigawa
Hiroko Kanasugi
Naoya Takayama
Music by Norihito Sumitomo
Network TV Asahi
Original run January 15, 2004 – March 11, 2004
Episodes 9 + 1 special episode

Aim for the Ace!, known in Japan as Ace o Nerae! (Japanese: エースをねらえ! Hepburn: Ēsu o Nerae!), is a sports shōjo manga series written and illustrated by Sumika Yamamoto. The series tells the story of Hiromi Oka, a high school student who wants to become a professional tennis player as she struggles against mental weakness, anxiety and thwarted love. It was originally serialized in Shueisha's Margaret from January 1973 to February 1980. Later, Shueisha collected the chapters and published them in 18 tankōbon volumes.

The manga was adapted into an anime television series in 1973 by Tokyo Movie which was originally broadcast on Mainichi Broadcasting System (MBS) between 1973 and 1974. Aim for the Ace! also spawned another television anime and an anime film in the 1970s, two original video animations (OVA) in the 1980s, a live-action Japanese television drama in 2004, and many types of Aim for the Ace!-related merchandise.

The series is one of the best-selling shōjo manga series of all time, having sold approximately 15 million copies in Japan. It has been also popular among anime viewers, and become a hit in Japan, even among its non-target audience. It is considered a classic by anime and manga critics, and has been influential in anime industry.

Plot

The story is about Hiromi Oka (岡ひろみ Oka Hiromi), a high school girl who struggles to become good at tennis. Hiromi starts playing tennis at her school, Nishi (西高), because she is fascinated by Reika Ryūzaki (竜崎麗香 Ryūzaki Reika), an older girl who is the best player in the team and is nicknamed "Madame Butterfly" (お蝶夫人 Ochōfujin) because of her grace on the tennis court. The team gets a new coach, Jin Munakata (宗方仁 Munakata Jin), who sees potential in Hiromi and trains her to become a great tennis player.

Hiromi struggles to overcome her mental weakness. Later, she falls in love with another tennis player, Takayuki Tōdō (藤堂貴之 Tōdō Takayuki), but coach Munakata tells her not to get too involved and that she should forget him and work on her tennis skills. Hiromi often loses confidence in her playing abilities, but with the support of her coach and her friends she overcomes her anxiety. By training herself to become a better player, Hiromi grows into a mentally stronger person. Her enthusiasm, her love of tennis and the support from people around her helps her to become one of the best players in the world.

Media

Manga

Aim for the Ace! was written and illustrated by Sumika Yamamoto; its first chapter was published by Shueisha in the Japanese magazine Margaret in January 1973. Its serialization finished in 1975, but because of demand from readers its publication restarted from 1978 to February 1980.[1] Its first tankōbon (collected volume) was released by Shueisha in September 1973, and the eighteenth and the last one was released in June 1980.[2][3]

A light novel in five volumes was published by Shueisha under Cobalt line from August 1983 and October 1984.[4][5] The original manga was republished in bunkoban format twice; Chuokoron-Shinsha released it from October 18, 1994 to April 18, 1995 in fourteen volumes,[6][7] and Shueisha released it between June 18, 2002, and October 18, 2002 in ten volumes.[8][9] The series has been localized in Italy by Panini Comics and published under its Planet Manga line.[10]

Anime

TV series

The first anime television series based on Aim for the Ace! was produced by Tokyo Movie, which used Madhouse studio to create the animation.[11] It was originally broadcast between October 5, 1973, and March 29, 1974, by Mainichi Broadcasting System (MBS).[12] Osamu Dezaki served as the general director of all 26 episodes.[12] The episodes were released in two DVD box set by Bandai Visual on May 25, 2001, and August 25, 2001.[13] Bandai Visual re-released the series between January 28, 2005, and February 24, 2005, in six DVD compilations.[14][15] On January 20, 2012, Avex published a four-disc DVD box set containing the entire series.[16] It was dubbed into French, Spanish and Italian.[17]

The second anime series was also produced by Tokyo Movie and was directed by Minoru Okazaki. Titled Shin Ace o Nerae! (新エースをねらえ! Shin Ēsu o Nerae!, lit. "New Ace o Nerae!"), it was broadcast by Nippon Television from April 10, 1978 to March 31, 1979.[18][19] Two DVD box sets containing all 25 episodes were released by Bandai Visual on March 25, 2002, and June 25, 2002.[18][20] Nippon Columbia published the entire series in a single DVD box set; first on May 23, 2007, and again on January 21, 2009.[21][22]

Film

An anime film adaptation of Aim for the Ace! was directed by Osamu Desaki, written by Kōji Makaino, and produced by Yutaka Fujioka. It was produced at Tokyo Movie and was released by Toho in Japanese theaters on September 8, 1979.[23] It was published on DVD format by Bandai Visual on November 25, 2001, and on March 27, 2005.[24][25] In April 2008, Banda Visual announced they planned to release the film on Blu-ray format;[26] it was released on September 26, 2008.[27]

OVAs

The first original video animation (OVA), Ace o Nerae! 2 (エースをねらえ! 2 Ēsu o Nerae! 2), which consists of 13 episodes was produced by Tokyo Movie, directed by Osamu Dezaki, and was released by Bandai Visual on March 25, 1988.[28] It was later released by Bandai Visual between July 25, 1988, and October 25, 1998 on six VHS videocassettes,[29][30] and as a DVD compilation on May 23, 2005.[31] The first OVA was followed by Ace o Nerae! Final Stage (エースをねらえ! ファイナルステージ Ēsu o Nerae! Fainaru Sutēji), which was originally released by Bandai Visual on November 25, 1989.[32] Six VHS videos were released from October 23, 1989, to April 24, 1990,[33][34] and a DVD box set was released on September 26, 2003 by Bandai Visual.[35]

Drama

On November 2003, the production of a Japanese television drama series was announced.[36] It was broadcast by Japanese network TV Asahi in nine episodes between January 15, 2004, and March 11, 2004.[37][38] It was directed by Hidetomo Matsuda, Shunji Muguruma and Yoshinori Kobayashi, produced by Motohiro Matsumoto and Shizuo Sekiguchi, and the screenwriters were Akiyo Takikawa, Naoya Takayama and Hiroko Kanasugi.[37] Shuzo Matsuoka, a former Japanese professional tennis player,[39] served as a tennis supervisor.[37]

The music was composed by Norihito Sumitomo;[37] the series homonymous opening theme song is sung by Hiromi and the closing theme was "Ai no Tame ni." by Aya Ueto—who also starred in the leading role.[40] On July 23, 2004, Geneon Universal released the series on DVD; it was available as five individual volumes or as a DVD box set.[41] Serving as a sequel to the series, a special episode was aired on September 23, 2004, and then released on DVD on December 22 by Geneon Universal.[42]

Video games

Several games based on Aim for the Ace! have been released in Japan. Nippon Telenet adapted the series into a Super Famicom video game, which they published on December 22, 1993.[43] Tristar published two video game adaptations for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X; the first was released on November 30, 2002, and the second on December 3, 2004.[44][45] In 2009, Olympia distributed an Ace o Nerae!-themed pachinko machine under its Gold Olympia brand.[46] Ace Denken released a different machine in 2011.[47]

CDs

Both the opening theme song, "Ace o Nerae!", and the ending theme song, "Shiroi Tennis Court" (白いテニスコート), from the original anime series were performed by Kumiko Ōsugi.[12][48] VIP performs "Seishun ni Kakero!" (青春にかけろ) and "Ashita ni Mukatte" (明日に向かって), the opening and ending theme from Shin Ace o Nerae!.[49] The film only used an opening theme, "Mabushī Kisetsu ni" (まぶしい季節に) by Shōnen Tanteidan.[23] Hiroko Moriguchi sang Ace o Nerae! 2‍ '​s theme, "Endless Dream" (エンドレス・ドリーム Endoresu Dorīmu), as well as of "Never Say Goodbye", Final Stage‍ '​s theme.[28][32] On January 9, 1993, King Records released a CD containing the soundtracks from both anime television series, the anime film, and the first OVA.[50] The soundtrack of the first television series was released on March 6, 1996 by EMI Music Japan.[51] Soundtrack Laboratory under its Soundtrack Pub label published an Ace o Nerae!: Original Sountrack on March 7, 2013.[52] Subsequently, it published the official soundtrack for Shin Ace o Nerae! on two CDs on July 31, 2013, and December 25, 2013.[53][54]

Reception and legacy

The manga has sold approximately 15 million copies,[1] making it one of the best-selling shōjo manga series of all time.[55] The anime was considered a hit on Japanese television and though aimed toward schoolgirls it was popular among people of both sexes,[11][56] and was also popular in Europe.[17] In 2001, the anime magazine Animage ranked the 1979 television anime as the twenty-second of the Top 100 anime productions of all time.[57] In 2005, TV Asahi conducted a "Top 100" online web poll and nationwide survey asking viewers for the best television anime series; Aim for the Ace! was placed fourteenth in the online poll and thirty-fourth.[58][59]

Considered a classic,[60][61] the series has been influential in Japan both in fiction and in real life.[56][62] In addition of being an inspiration of another sports anime,[63] it has set many of the conventions of shojo-ai,[64] and its story has been imitated by other anime to the point that it became a cliché.[17] It established the tradition of "the klutzy wallflower with hidden potential, the rich bitch who wants all the attention, and a handsome Coach with a tragic fate" in the words of anime critic Jonathan Clements.[56] Gainax's science fiction OVA Gunbuster incorporated the set-up and the style of Aim for the Ace!, acting as parody to the series.[56][62] Anime series Oh! Super Milk-chan‍ '​s opening theme also included parodies of the anime.[65] Shuzo Matsuoka, considered "the first successful Japanese [tennis] player",[39] was influenced to play because of the esteem he had on the series.[56] Anime director Kenji Kamiyama cited the series among the 15 best anime of all time.[66]

Justin Sevakis, writing for Anime News Network, and Erica Friedman, founder of Yuricon, consider the series a "true" shōjo.[17][64] Friedman wrote, "As a representative of early shoujoai, Ace wo Nerae is a spectacular example, but expect a fair dollop of cheesy-ness, as the character designs, music, art, etc are all over 30 years old. The op art graphics and laugahble [sic] opening theme are delightfully retro now. The most important thing is that the characters are genuinely likeable and their motivations fathomable."[64] Sevakis praised the story as having "purity", as "There are no manufactured obstacles to overcome." He also declared, "Despite being Western-looking and ostensibly about universally accessible sport of tennis, it's a fascinating look at Japanese personal motivation, interaction and decorum," playing "like a catalog of Japan's most interesting cultural quirks."[17] Art-wise it was compared to Dear Brother and The Rose of Versailles by Anime News Network's Lynzee Lamb, who said it "reinforces a lot of the dangerous work ethic that permeates sports series, like battling through a serious injury or abandoning emotional 'dalliances' like romance."[67]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 エースをねらえ! - オリジナル [Ace o Nerae! - Original] (in Japanese). TV Asahi. Archived from the original on February 20, 2005. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  2. ↑ エースをねらえ! 1 (マーガレットコミックス 128) (新書) [Ace o Nerae! 1 (Margaret Comics 128)(Book)] (in Japanese). Amazon. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  3. ↑ エースをねらえ! 18 (マーガレットコミックス 485) (新書) [Ace o Nerae! 18 (Margaret Comics 128) (Book)] (in Japanese). Amazon. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  4. ↑ 小説エースをねらえ! 1 [Novel Ace o Nerae! 1] (in Japanese). National Diet Library. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
  5. ↑ 小説エースをねらえ! 5 [Novel Ace o Nerae! 5] (in Japanese). National Diet Library. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
  6. ↑ エースをねらえ!① [Ace o Nerae!①] (in Japanese). Chuokoron-Shinsha. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
  7. ↑ エースをねらえ!⑭ [Ace o Nerae!⑭] (in Japanese). Chuokoron-Shinsha. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
  8. ↑ エースをねらえ! 1 [Ace o Nerae! 1] (in Japanese). Shueisha. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  9. ↑ エースをねらえ! 10 [Ace o Nerae! 10] (in Japanese). Shueisha. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  10. ↑ "Jenny la tennista" [Jenny the tennis player] (in Italian). Panini Comics. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved December 19, 2013.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Toole, Michael (April 24, 2011). "Dezaki's Due". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved December 19, 2013.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 エースをねらえ! [Ace o Nerae!] (in Japanese). TMS Entertainment. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  13. ↑ エースをねらえ! [Ace o Nerae!] (in Japanese). TMS Entertainment. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  14. ↑ "エースをねらえ! Vol.1" [Ace o Nerae! Vol.1] (in Japanese). Bandai Visual. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  15. ↑ "エースをねらえ! Vol.6＜最終巻＞" [Ace o Nerae! Vol.6 (Final volume)] (in Japanese). Bandai Visual. Archived from the original on December 2, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  16. ↑ エースをねらえ! [Ace o Nerae!] (in Japanese). Avex. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 Sevakis, Justin (May 29, 2008). "Aim for the Ace! - Buried Treasure". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved December 19, 2013.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "新・エースをねらえ!　DVD-BOX（1）" [Shin Ace o Nerae! DVD-Box (1)] (in Japanese). Oricon. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  19. ↑ 新・エースをねらえ! [Shin Ace o Nerae!] (in Japanese). TMS Entertainment. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  20. ↑ "新・エースをねらえ!　DVD-BOX（2）" [Shin Ace o Nerae! DVD-Box (2)] (in Japanese). Oricon. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  21. ↑ "新・エースをねらえ! COMPLETE　DVD-BOX" [Shin Ace o Nerae! Complete DVD-Box] (in Japanese). Oricon. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  22. ↑ "新・エースをねらえ!　DVD-BOX" [Shin Ace o Nerae! DVD-Box] (in Japanese). Oricon. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 エースをねらえ! 劇場版 [Ace o Nerae! The Movie] (in Japanese). TMS Entertainment. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  24. ↑ "TMS DVD COLLECTION 劇場版　エースをねらえ" [TMS DVD Collection: Movie: Ace o Nerae!] (in Japanese). Bandai Visual. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  25. ↑ 劇場版　エースをねらえ [Movie: Ace o Nerae!] (in Japanese). Bandai Visual. Archived from the original on December 20, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  26. ↑ "Ashita no Joe 2, Aim for the Ace! BDs to Ship in Japan". Anime News Network. April 13, 2008. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  27. ↑ トムス ブルーレイディスク コレクション [TMS Blu-ray Disc Collection] (in Japanese). Bandai Visual. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 エースをねらえ! 2 [Ace o Nerae! 2] (in Japanese). TMS Entertainment. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  29. ↑ "エースをねらえ!2(1) (VHS)" [Ace o Nerae! 2 (1) (VHS)] (in Japanese). Amazon. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  30. ↑ "エースをねらえ!2(6) (VHS)" [Ace o Nerae! 2 (6) (VHS)] (in Japanese). Amazon. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  31. ↑ "TMS DVD COLLECTION エースをねらえ! 2 DVD-BOX" [TMS DVD Collection: Ace o Nerae! 2 DVD-Box] (in Japanese). Bandai Visual. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 エースをねらえ! ファイナル・ステージ [Ace o Nerae! Final Stage] (in Japanese). TMS Entertainment. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  33. ↑ "エースをねらえ!ファイナルステージ(1)1~2話(VHS)" [Ace o Nerae! Final Stage (1)Story 1-2 (VHS)] (in Japanese). Amazon. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  34. ↑ "エースをねらえ!ファイナルステージ 6 (VHS)" [Ace o Nerae! Final Stage 6 (VHS)] (in Japanese). Amazon. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  35. ↑ "TMS DVD COLLECTION エースをねらえ! ファイナルステージ　DVD-BOX" [TMS DVD Collection: Ace o Nerae! Final Stage DVD-Box] (in Japanese). Bandai Visual. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  36. ↑ "Live Action Updates". Anime News Network. November 3, 2003. Archived from the original on July 9, 2014. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 "TV エースをねらえ!" [TV Ace o Nerae!] (in Japanese). AllCinema Movie & DVD Database. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  38. ↑ エースをねらえ! - ストーリー [Ace o Nerae! - Story] (in Japanese). TV Asahi. Archived from the original on August 3, 2004. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Murphy, Chris (August 1, 2013). "'Project 10:' Japan's rising son Nishikori feels weight of expectation". CNN. Archived from the original on July 9, 2014. Retrieved December 19, 2013.
  40. ↑ エースをねらえ! - ミュージック [Ace o Nerae! - Music] (in Japanese). TV Asahi. Archived from the original on December 4, 2004. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  41. ↑ "エースをねらえ! - DVD" [Ace o Nerae! - DVD] (in Japanese). TV Asahi. Archived from the original on August 9, 2004. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  42. ↑ "エースをねらえ! 奇跡への挑戦〈TVドラマスペシャル〉" [Ace o Nerae! Challenge to the miracle (TV Drama Special)] (in Japanese). Oricon. Archived from the original on July 9, 2014. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  43. ↑ "Ace o Nerae! for Super Nintendo". GameRankings. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on July 9, 2014. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
  44. ↑ エースをねらえ! タイピングスマッシュ 狙打 (in Japanese). Amazon. Archived from the original on July 9, 2014. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
  45. ↑ "エースをねらえ! 狙打 ~タイピングスマッシュ~ バリベリプライス! (DVDパッケージ)" (in Japanese). Amazon. Archived from the original on July 9, 2014. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
  46. ↑ "Launch of Olympia's New Pachislot Machine "Aim for the Ace!"" (PDF). Fields Corporation. March 11, 2009. Archived from the original on July 9, 2014. Retrieved December 19, 2013.
  47. ↑ "エースから女子パチ第3弾『CRエースをねらえ!』" (in Japanese). P-World. July 11, 2011. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
  48. ↑ "大杉久美子　40周年記念CD-BOX『燦(きらめき)のとき　やさしさの歌』発売記念 大杉久美子スペシャル・インタビュー" (in Japanese). Nippon Columbia. Archived from the original on June 8, 2010. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  49. ↑ 新・エースをねらえ! [Shin Ace o Nerae!] (in Japanese). Movie Square. Archived from the original on February 4, 2014. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  50. ↑ エースをねらえ!　総音楽集 [Ace o Nerae!: Complete Music Collection] (in Japanese). Oricon. Archived from the original on July 9, 2014. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
  51. ↑ "エースをねらえ!/TVサントラ" [Ace o Nerae!/TV Soundtrack] (in Japanese). Oricon. Archived from the original on July 9, 2014. Retrieved December 19, 2013.
  52. ↑ エースをねらえ!　オリジナル・サウンドトラック (in Japanese). Soundtrack Laboratory. Archived from the original on July 9, 2014. Retrieved December 19, 2013.
  53. ↑ 新・エースをねらえ! [Shin Ace o Nerae!] (in Japanese). Soundtrack Laboratory. Archived from the original on July 9, 2014. Retrieved December 19, 2013.
  54. ↑ 新・エースをねらえ! 音楽集 [Shin Ace o Nerae! Music Collection] (in Japanese). Soundtrack Laboratory. Archived from the original on July 9, 2014. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
  55. ↑ "Historic Shoujo Manga Circulation Numbers". Comipress. May 24, 2006. Retrieved November 29, 2013.
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 56.3 56.4 Clements, Jonathan (2010). Schoolgirl Milky Crisis: Adventures in the Anime and Manga Trade. A-Net Digital. pp. 329–331. ISBN 978-0-9845937-4-3.
  57. ↑ "Animage Top-100 Anime Listing". Anime News Network. January 15, 2001. Archived from the original on July 9, 2014. Retrieved December 19, 2013.
  58. ↑ "TV Asahi Top 100 Anime". Anime News Network. September 23, 2005. Archived from the original on June 15, 2014. Retrieved December 19, 2013.
  59. ↑ "TV Asahi Top 100 Anime, Part 2". Anime News Network. September 23, 2005. Archived from the original on July 9, 2014. Retrieved December 19, 2013.
  60. ↑ Toole, Michael (August 29, 2010). "Bein' a Hata". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on July 9, 2014. Retrieved December 19, 2013.
  61. ↑ Thompson, Jason (2012). Manga: The Complete Guide. Random House. ISBN 978-0-345-53944-1.
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 Saitō, Tamaki (2011). Beautiful Fighting Girl. University of Minnesota Press. p. 97. ISBN 978-0-8166-5450-5.
  63. ↑ Green, Scott (April 22, 2011). "AICN Anime - Kenshin, Panty and Stocking and Goodbye to the Great Osamu Dezaki!". Ain't It Cool News. Archived from the original on August 3, 2014. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 64.2 Friedman, Erica (January 20, 2004). "Yuri Anime: Aim for the Ace! / Ace wo Nerae!". yuricon.com. Archived from the original on August 3, 2014. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
  65. ↑ Khan, Ridwan (September 2003). "OH! Super Milk-chan! - Go Sumiya High School Baseball Team!". Animefringe. Archived from the original on August 3, 2014. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
  66. ↑ "Madman interviews Kenji Kamiyama". Madman Entertainment. September 17, 2013. Archived from the original on August 3, 2014. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
  67. ↑ Lamb, Lynzee. "7 Anime About Women in Sports". Anime News Network. Retrieved April 11, 2015.

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