Agnes of Antioch

Agnes of Antioch

Skeleton of Anne of Antioch
Queen consort of Hungary[1][2]
Tenure 4 March 1172 – c. 1184
Coronation 13 January 1173
Spouse Béla III
Issue Emeric
Byzantine Empress Margaret
Andrew II
Constance, Queen of Bohemia
House House of Châtillon
House of Arpad
Father Raynald of Châtillon
Mother Constance of Antioch
Born c. 1154
Died c. 1184
Burial Székesfehérvár Basilica
reburied at Matthias Church
Religion Roman Catholic

Agnes of Antioch[3] (1154 – c. 1184), was a Queen Consort of Hungary during 1172–1184 as the first wife of Béla III.

She was the daughter of Raynald of Châtillon, Prince of Antioch by right of his first wife, Constance, Sovereign Princess of Antioch.

The accidental discovery of her intact tomb during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 has provided an opportunity for patriotic demonstrations. She was the only 12th century Hungarian Queen whose remains were studied by scientists, and her appearance was reconstructed.

Life

Origins

From her mother's side, she was a descendant of the Italo-Norman Princes of Apulia and Calabria, the Kings of France, Jerusalem, Armenia and Cilicia.[4]

Through her father, she was related with the powerful Burgundian families Châtillon-sur-Loing (now Châtillon-Coligny), Gien-sur-Loire, Semur-en-Brionnais, Bourbon-Lancy[5] and Donzy.[6]

The exact date of her birth is uncertain. It's assumed that she was born soon after the secret marriage of her parents, who took place before May 1153. The most common belief in historiography was that Agnes was born in 1154.[7] At the baptism she probably received the name of Agnes.[8]

In Constantinople. Marriage

Her father was captured by the Muslims in November 1160 and was confined in Aleppo for the next fifteen years. Princess Constance died ca. 1163/67, and around 1170 Agnes went to Constantinople, where her older half-sister Maria had been living as the wife of the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Comnenus.[9] On the Emperor's request, Agnes was married to kaiszar Alexius (born prince Béla of Hungary), who had been engaged to the Emperor's daughter, Maria Comnena until the birth of Manuel's son, Alexius in 1166. The wedding date of Agnes and Alexius is unknown; is believed that may have occurred about 1168[10] and no later than 1172.[11] In historiography, there are two precises dated for the wedding: September 1169[12] and March 1171.[13]

She received the name Anna in the imperial court. In the Hungarians documents she always appeared with her new name,[14] probably because Agnes was rare at that time.

Queen of Hungary

The new couple went on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem where they made a donation for the Knights Hospitaller. In the summer, after the death of King Stephen III of Hungary (4 March 1172), her husband ascended the throne as King Béla III, and they moved to Hungary. Anna was crowned Queen consort of Hungary with her husband at Cathedral Basilica of Saint Stephen in Székesfehérvár on 13 January 1173.[15]

Is attributed to Anna the spread of French cultural patterns in the Kingdom of Hungary.[16]

The Queen's activities where also connects with the presence in Hungary from Burgundy of the first Cistercian monks. Anna could keep in touch with Burgundian Cistercians through ancestral linkages. The first Cistercian monastery in Hungary, founded in 1182, was in fact closely associated with three Cistercian abbeys located near Pontigny and the surrounding estates belonged to the Donzy family, from which Anna descended.[17]

Issue

During her marriage, Anna gave birth at least six[18] children:

Anna was the ancestress of all subsequent Kings of Hungary, as well as the Hungarian princesses and by marriage Piasts Duchesses St. Kinga and Bl. Jolenta. In addition, from her descended the Kings of Bohemia from the Přemyslid, Luxembourg, Habsburg, Jagiellon and Vasa families.[20]

Death

Anna's death date wasn't recorded in any contemporary source, but it's assumed that took place in the year 1184,[21] although was also possible that was a little earlier.[22]

Burial

Anna was buried at Cathedral Basilica of Saint Stephen in Székesfehérvár. Her remains were confidently identified by archeologists during late 19th century excavations at the ruined cathedral of Székesfehérvár. Her remains were afterwards reinterred at the Mathias Church in Budapest, with those of her husband.

References

  1. ↑ http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/59035/Bela-III
  2. ↑ http://books.google.hu/books?id=dYfTAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA157&dq=%22agnes+of+antioch%22&lr=
  3. ↑ She commonly known with the surname of Antioch rather than her paternal parentage. M. Szymczak: Słownik ortograficzny języka polskiego wraz z zasadami pisowni i interpunkcji, Warszawa 1978, p.203; K. Tittenbrun: Duży słownik ortograficzny języka polskiego z zasadami pisowni, Warsawa 1997, p. 26.
  4. ↑ PRINCES of ANTIOCH 1100-1130 (HAUTEVILLE) KINGS of JERUSALEM 1118-1131 (COMTES de RETHEL) in: Medlands Projects by Charles Crowley [retrieved 30 March 2015].
  5. ↑ Chronique d'Ernoul et de Bernard le Trésorier, ed. M. L. Mas Latrie, Paris 1871, p. 22; Petri Blesensis tractatus duo: Passio Raginaldi principis Antiochie [in:] Corpus Christianorum. Continuatio Mediaevalis, vol. 194, ed. R. B. C. Huygens, Turnhout 2002, p. 42; J. Richard: Aux origines d'un grand lignage: des palladii Renaud de Châtillon [in:] Media in Francia, Paris 1989, pp. 409–418; Seigneurs de Donzy & de Vergy in: racineshistoire.free.fr [retrieved 30 March 2015]; BURGUNDY DUCHY, NOBILITY in: Medlands Projects by Charles Crowley [retrieved 30 March 2015].
  6. ↑ The origin of Agnes' father from the Burgundian family of Donzy was based on sources determined by Gustave Schlumberger (G. Schlumberger: Renaud de Châtillon, prince d'Antioche, seigneur de la terre d'Outre-Jourdain, Paris 1898, pp. 3–4); Musée de Versailles: Salles des Croisades (1844) - Armes: Blasons et parfois CIMIER. Premiere Croisade (No. 133. Geoffroy, Baron de Donzy) [retrieved 30 March 2015]; Guy Coquille (1523-1603): Les oeuvres de Maistre Guy Coquille, Monsieur de Romenay, Vol. I, Bordeaux 1703, p. 356; S. de Sainte-Marthe (1571-1650): Histoire de la Maison généalogique de France, Paris 1647, p. 636.
  7. ↑ M. Wertner: Az Árpádok családi története, Nagy-Becskerek 1892, p. 359; History of Hungary, ed. E. Pamlenyi, London 1975, p. 60, 608; J. Louda, M. MacLagan: Lines of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe, ed. II, London 1999, table 89.
  8. ↑ Chronicler Alberic of Trois-Fontaines named Agnes one of the three daughters born from Constance and Raynald who was also the wife of the King of Hungary Béla (Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium [in:] Monumenta Germaniae Historica, XXIII, Hannover 1874, pp. 849–850). By contrast, in a fragmentary manuscript preserved from Lignages d'Outre-Mer and stored in the Vatican Library (Vaticanus Latinus 7806, Il parentado de Beimonte principe 9, fol. 172), are mentioned only two daughters from Constance and Raynald, who are named Joanna and Maria.
  9. ↑ S. Runciman: A History of the Crusades, t. II, Harmandsworth 1978, p. 365.
  10. ↑ W. Dworzaczek: Genealogia, Warsaw 1959, table 84.
  11. ↑ V. ö. Városy: Antiochiai Anna királyné, "Századok. A Magyar Történelmi Társulat Közlönye", 1886, p. 866.
  12. ↑ P. Gautier: Les lettres de Grégoire, higoumène d'Oxia, "Revue des études byzantines", 31–32, 1973, p. 206: After the birth of the heir to Byzantine throne, the Emperor broke off the engagement between his daughter Maria and Caesar Alexius (later Bela III) and as a compensation he was married with the sister of Empress Maria of Antioch.
  13. ↑ L. Garland, A. Stone: Maria Porphyrogenita, daughter of Manuel I Comnenus [in:] De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and Their Families 2006 [retrieved 30 March 2015]: Agnes was visiting Constantinople with her brother Bohemond III of Antioch when she was engaged.
  14. ↑ M. Wertner: Az Árpádok családi története, Nagybecskerek 1892, p. 358.
  15. ↑ A magyar királyok koronázótemploma in: www.szikm.hu [retrieved 30 March 2015].
  16. ↑ G. Lukács: La Hongrie et la civilisation, Paris 1929, p. 361; A. Echols, M. Williams: An annotated index of medieval women, New York-Oxford 1992, p. 53; G. Moravcsik: Byzantium and the Magyars, Budapest–Amsterdam 1970, p. 129; G. Klaniczay: The chaste prince and the athleta patriae [in:] G. Klaniczay: Holy Rulers and Blessed Princesses. Dynastic Cults in Medieval Central Europe, Budapest 2002, p. 184. In many publications emphasizes, however, that Béla III followed the Western European model after his life at the Byzantine court of Manuel I.
  17. ↑ M. M. de Cevins: Les implantations cisterciennes en Hongrie médiévale [in:] Unanimité et diversité cisterciennes, ed. Nicole Bouter, Saint-Étienne 2000, pp. 458–459; F. L. Hervay, Ciszterciek [in:] G. Kristo (ed.): Korai magyar térténeti lexikon, Budapest 1994, p. 473, 479-480.
  18. ↑ Ildikó Hankó: Királyaink tömegsírban, 2004, atributed a seventh child to Anna, an unnamed daughter. K. Éry, A.Marcsik, J. Nemeskéri, F. Szalai: Embertani vizsgálatok III. Béla és Antiochiai Anna földi maradványán [in:] 150 éve történt? III. Béla és Antiochiai Anna sírjának fellelése, Székesfehérvár 1999, p. 11.
  19. ↑ W. Dworzaczek, Genealogia, Warsaw 1959, table 84.
  20. ↑ D. Piwowarczyk: Słynni rycerze Europy. Rycerze Chrystusa, Warsaw 2007, p. 309.
  21. ↑ W. Dworzaczek: Genealogia, Warszawa 1959, table 84; A. Echols, M. Williams: An annotated index of medieval women, New York-Oxford 1992, p. 53.
  22. ↑ M. Wertner: Az Árpádok családi története, Nagy-Becskerek 1892, p. 356; Ildikó Hankó: Királyaink tömegsírban, 2004 - year 1183.

Sources

Royal titles
Preceded by
Maria Komnene		 Queen consort of Hungary
1172–c. 1184 		Succeeded by
Margaret of France