Adolph Alexander Weinman

Adolph Alexander Weinman

Adolph Weinman, circa 1917.
Born December 11, 1870
Durmersheim, Baden
Died August 8, 1952 (aged 81)
Port Chester, New York
Nationality German/American
Education Cooper Union
Art Students League of New York
Known for Sculpture

Adolph Alexander Weinman (December 11, 1870 – August 8, 1952) was an American sculptor and architectural sculptor, born in Durmersheim, near Karlsruhe, Germany. His son Robert Weinman was also a sculptor.

Life

Bas-relief portrait of Weinman (1915) by Anthony de Francisci

Weinman arrived in the United States at the age of 14. At the age of 15, he attended evening classes at Cooper Union and later studied at the Art Students League of New York with sculptors Augustus Saint-Gaudens and Philip Martiny. He later served as an assistant to Charles Niehaus, Olin Warner, and Daniel Chester French. Weinman opened his own studio in 1904.[1] Although Weinman is now best remembered as a medalist, when he once was introduced as such he vehemently denied being one and said that he was an architectural sculptor.[2] His steadiest income was derived from the sale of small bronze reproductions of his larger works, such as Descending Night, originally commissioned for the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, 1915 [3]

Weinman was a member of the National Sculpture Society and served as its president from 1927 to 1930. He served on the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts from 1929 to 1933.[4] He was also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, the National Institute of Arts and Letters, the National Academy of Design, and the New York City Art Commission, among other organizations.[1]

He died in Port Chester, New York, on August 8, 1952. Following a mass at Manhattan's St. Patrick's Cathedral, he was buried at Calvary Cemetery in Queens. Weinman's papers are at the Smithsonian Archives of American Art.

Work

Despite his objections, Weinman is still best remembered as the designer of the Walking Liberty Half Dollar (a design now used for the obverse of the American Silver Eagle one-ounce bullion coin) and the "Mercury" dime along with various medals for the Armed Services of the United States. Among these are the identical reverses of the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, the European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal, and the American Campaign Medal. Weinman was one of many sculptors and artists who employed Audrey Munson as a model.

As an architectural sculptor, Weinman's work can be found on the Wisconsin, Missouri, and Louisiana state capitol buildings. He became the sculptor of choice for the architectural firm McKim, Mead, and White and designed sculpture for their Manhattan Municipal Building, Madison Square Presbyterian Church (demolished), Prison Ship Martyrs' Monument, and the since-demolished Pennsylvania Railway Station, all in New York City. A photograph of one of his angels, "Day," in a landfill in New Jersey is one of the saddest reminders of the destruction of Penn Station in 1963, but two of his eagles were retained as trophies outside the entrance to the new subterranean Penn Station.[5] Elsewhere he created the dramatic frieze on the Elks National Veterans Memorial in Chicago and executed sculpture for the Post Office Department Building, the Jefferson Memorial, and the interior of the U.S. Supreme Court, all in Washington, D.C.

Weinman's non-architectural works include the Macomb and the Maybury monuments in Detroit.[6] Another example of his non-architectural work is his Abraham Lincoln Statue (Kentucky) located in the center of Hodgenville, Kentucky.[7]

Weinman was one of 250 sculptors who exhibited in the 3rd Sculpture International held at the Philadelphia Museum of Art in the summer of 1949.

Weinman's works are mostly executed in a lyrical neoclassical style. His figures typically wear classical drapery, but there is a fluidity found in his work that is a harbinger of the Art Deco style that was to follow him. His bronze statuette The Nude Golfer epitomizes this style. This work evokes classical sculpture in its attention to anatomy and movement and the nude status of the athlete while the subject, a modern golfer, provides a modern twist.[8]

Selected works

Sculpture

<gallery class="center" widths="155px" heights=187px" perrow="5"> File:Macomb statue in detroit.jpg|General Alexander Macomb (1906–08),
Detroit, Michigan File:Baltimore Soldiers Sailors.jpg|Union Soldiers and Sailors Monument (1909), Wyman Park
Baltimore, Maryland File:Hodgenville Lincoln Statue.jpg|Abraham Lincoln (1909)
Hodgenville, Kentucky File:Alexander Cassatt statue by Weinman at RMP.jpg|Alexander Johnston Cassatt (1910), Pennsylvania Station
New York City File:Statue of William C. Maybury.jpg|William Cotter Maybury Memorial (1912), Grand Circus Park,
Detroit, Michigan File:Civic Fame.jpg|Civic Fame (1913), atop Manhattan Municipal Building,
New York City File:DescendingNightAAW.jpg|Descending Night (1914–15), Panama-Pacific International Exposition,
San Francisco File:Samuel Rea Pennsta jeh.jpg|Samuel Rea (1926), Pennsylvania Station,
New York City. File:Mocapitolnorthview.jpg|Fountain of the Centaurs (ca. 1926), Missouri State Capitol,
Jefferson City, Missouri File:Brookgreen Gardens Sculpture12.jpg|Riders of the Dawn (ca. 1942), Brookgreen Gardens,
Murrells Inlet, South Carolina </gallery>

Architectural sculpture

<gallery class="center" widths="155px" heights"187px" perrow="5"> File:NYP LOC4.jpg|Pennsylvania Station, New York City (1903–04, demolished 1964) File:Eagle Scout Memorial Fountain Kansas City MO.jpg|Eagle Scout Memorial Fountain (1968), Kansas City, Missouri. Salvaged pieces from Pennsylvania Station,
New York City File:Eagle Statue - National Zoo - Washington, DC.jpg|Eagle, National Zoo, Washington, D.C. Salvaged from Pennsylvania Station,
New York City File:Adolph Weinman eagle.JPG|Eagle (1908), one of four that decorated the Prison Ship Martyrs' Monument
Brooklyn, New York City File:Weinman-Sphinx-WashingtonDC.jpg|Wisdom Sphinx (1911–15), House of the Temple,
Washington, D.C. File:Audubon Terrace American Academy of Arts and Letters West 155th Street entrance detail 2.jpg|Detail, bronze doors, American Academy of Arts and Letters West 155th Street entrance, (1921–23)
New York City File:Weinman in Davenport.jpg|Spandrel figure (1923), First National Bank Building,
Davenport, Iowa File:Elks memorial Chicago.jpg|The Glory of Peace Frieze (1924–26), Elks National Veterans Memorial,
Chicago, Illinois File:Destiny (pediment).JPG|Destiny Pediment (1935), National Archives Building,
Washington, D.C. File:Jefferson Memorial DC.jpg|Drafting the Declaration of Independence Pediment (1939–43), Jefferson Memorial,
Washington, D.C. </gallery>

Walking Liberty Half Dollar (1916

U.S. coins

References

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "About the Adolph A. Weinman Papers". Smithsonian Archives of American Art. Retrieved March 27, 2010.
  2. ↑ Reiter, Ed (January 31, 2000). "The Weinman Legacy–Part 1". PCGS Library. Retrieved March 27, 2010.
  3. ↑ Descending Night] Metropolitan Museum of Art, acc. no. 1994.501
  4. ↑ Luebke, Thomas E. (ed.) Civic Art: A Centennial History of the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Commission of Fine Arts, 2013): Appendix B, p. 557.
  5. ↑ One is illustrated in Walsh, Kevin. Forgotten New York: The Ultimate Urban Explorer's Guide to All Five Boroughs, 2006:169: "Others can be found in Kings Point and Hicksville and as far away as Philadelphia".
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Zacharias, Pat (September 5, 1999). "The Monuments of Detroit". The Detroit News. Retrieved March 27, 2010.
  7. ↑ Federal Writers' Project (1996). The WPA Guide to Kentucky. University Press of Kentucky. p. 120. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
  8. ↑ "Adolph Alexander Weinman". Fine Art, May 2007. Rago Arts and Auction Center.
  9. ↑ "Statue of General Alexander Macomb". January 4, 2009. Retrieved March 27, 2010.
  10. ↑ Lloyd, Marshall Davies (August 20, 2006). Navarre Arms "Navarre Arms: The Navarres of Meaux and New France". Retrieved June 17, 2008.
  11. ↑ Lange, David W. A Complete Guide Book to Mercury Dimes (Virginia Beach, Va.: DLRC Press, 1993). ISBN 978-1-880731-17-8.

Bibliography

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Adolph Alexander Weinman.
Wikisource has the text of a 1920 Encyclopedia Americana article about Adolph Alexander Weinman.