Abu Tor
Abu Tor (Arabic: أبو طور or الثوري , Hebrew: אבו תור) (lit. "Father of the Bull") is a mixed Jewish and Arab neighborhood in Jerusalem, south of the Old City.[1]
Geography
Abu Tor is bounded by the Valley of Hinnom on the north, by the Valley of Azal (Wadi Yasul/Nahal Azal) on the south, Hebron Road and the old Jerusalem Railway Station to the west, and the Sherover Promenade, Armon HaNetziv and Peace Forest to the south.[2] The official Hebrew name of the neighborhood is Givat Hananya ("Hananya's Hill").[3]
History
During the Ayyubid period after Saladin captured Jerusalem in 1187, the area of Abu Tor was assigned to an officer in Saladin's army.[4] His name was Sheikh Shehab ed Din el Mukaddasiel but he was called "Sheikh Ahmed et Toreh" (Sheikh Ahmed of the bull) or "Abu Tor" (the man with the bull, or the father of the bull) as he was said to have accompanied Saladin riding on a bull.[5][6]
The hill on which Abu Tor stands was called "Jebel Deir Abu Tor" (mountain of the monastery of Abu Tor), or the "Hill of Evil Counsel", referring to a legend that it was the site of the house of Caiaphas, where Judas plotted to betray Jesus.[6] A monastery or convent dedicated to St. Mark (whose emblem was an ox) may have once been there.[6][7]
Abu Tor was developed as a residential quarter in the late 19th century by Muslim and Christian Arabs from Jerusalem.[8] A Jewish neighborhood called Beit Yosef was established in 1888.[8]
Abu Tor was incorporated into the Jerusalem municipal district during the British Mandate period.[9]
From the establishment of Israel in 1948 until 1967, the border between Israel and Jordan ran through Abu Tor.[10] The first four roads beyond Hebron Road were Israeli and the remaining roads were Jordanian.[2] In January 1949, Israel and Jordan, represented by Moshe Dayan and Abdullah el-Tell, held talks on the status of Jerusalem. Dayan presented the partition of Jerusalem as a common interest, and offered an exchange of territories that included the military post in Abu Tor, but his offer was turned down.[11]
Demography
Abu Tor is one of the few Jerusalem neighborhoods with a mixed Arab and Jewish population. Many journalists and United Nations employees live there.[12] While the Jewish section of Abu Tor is predominantly secular, the neighborhood has two synagogues - Har Refaim Synagogue for Ashkenazi Jews on Nachshon Street,[13] and Shalom V'Achva Synagogue for Sephardi Jews. Abu Tor had a population of 15,500 in 2010.[14]
Urban development
A large multiplex cinema, the Sherover complex, is now under construction in Abu Tor. [15] The center, just off Hebron Road, will house seven movie theaters, coffee shops and restaurants, an auditorium, a library, classrooms and art galleries.[16]
References
- ↑ East Jerusalem, the capital of dropouts Haaretz. 5 September 2012
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 http://www.harrefaim.com/abutor.html About Abu Tor - Har Refaim Synagogue, Abu Tor, Jerusalem
- ↑ Studies in Historical Geography and Biblical Historiography Zecharia Kallai
- ↑ Ruth Kark and Shimon Landman (1980). "The establishment of Muslim neighbourhoods in Jerusalem, outside the old city, during the late Ottoman period". Palestine Exploration Quarterly 112: 113–135. doi:10.1179/peq.1980.112.2.113.
- ↑ Palmer, 1881, p. 318
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Warren and Conder, 1884, p. 397
- ↑ Canaan, 1927, p. 287
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 A. Arnon (1992). "The Quarters of Jerusalem in the Ottoman Period". Middle Eastern Studies 28: 1–65. doi:10.1080/00263209208700889.
- ↑ Ruth Kark and Michal Oren-Nordheim (1996). "Colonial cities in Palestine? Jerusalem under the British Mandate". Israel Affairs 3: 50–94. doi:10.1080/13537129608719419.
- ↑ Neighbors if not friends
- ↑ Jerusalem: A city and its future, Marshall J. Berger and Ora Ahimeir
- ↑ NJ.com: Special Projects
- ↑ Har Refaim Synagogue - Abu Tor, Jerusalem
- ↑ The first page in the facts
- ↑ The rising star at Jerusalem City Hall, Haaretz
- ↑ In calm J'lem neighborhood of Abu Tor, big construction project angers residents, Jerusalem Post
Bibliography
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- Besant, Walter; Palmer, E.H. (1871). Jerusalem, the City of Herod and Saladin. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. (p. 432)
- Canaan, Tawfiq (1927). Mohammedan Saints and Sanctuaries in Palestine. London: Luzac & Co.
- Conder, C. R. (1877). "The Moslem Mukams". Quarterly statement - Palestine Exploration Fund 9: 89–103. (p. 100)
- Palmer, E. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Warren, Charles; Conder, Claude Reignier (1884). The Survey of Western Palestine: Jerusalem. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
External links
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 17: IAA, Wikimedia commons
Coordinates: 31°45′49.1″N 35°13′57.5″E / 31.763639°N 35.232639°E