ADARB1
Double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADARB1 gene.[1][2][3]
This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for pre-mRNA editing of the glutamate receptor subunit B by site-specific deamination of adenosines. Studies in rat found that this enzyme acted on its own pre-mRNA molecules to convert an AA dinucleotide to an AI dinucleotide which resulted in a new splice site. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants, some of which have been characterized by the presence or absence of an ALU cassette insert and a short or long C-terminal region.[3]
ADAR2 requires the small molecule inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) for proper function.[4]
References
- ↑ Mittaz L, Scott HS, Rossier C, Seeburg PH, Higuchi M, Antonarakis SE (Jul 1997). "Cloning of a human RNA editing deaminase (ADARB1) of glutamate receptors that maps to chromosome 21q22.3". Genomics 41 (2): 210–7. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4655. PMID 9143496.
- ↑ Keegan LP, Leroy A, Sproul D, O'Connell MA (Feb 2004). "Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs): RNA-editing enzymes". Genome Biol 5 (2): 209. doi:10.1186/gb-2004-5-2-209. PMC 395743. PMID 14759252.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: ADARB1 adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1 (RED1 homolog rat)".
- ↑ Macbeth MR, Schubert HL, Vandemark AP, Lingam AT, Hill CP, Bass BL (Sep 2005). "Inositol hexakisphosphate is bound in the ADAR2 core and required for RNA editing". Science 309 (5740): 1534–39. doi:10.1126/science.1113150. PMC 1850959. PMID 16141067.
Further reading
- Valenzuela A, Blanco J, Callebaut C et al. (1997). "HIV-1 envelope gp120 and viral particles block adenosine deaminase binding to human CD26.". Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 421: 185–92. doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9613-1_24. PMID 9330696.
- Melcher T, Maas S, Herb A et al. (1996). "A mammalian RNA editing enzyme.". Nature 379 (6564): 460–4. doi:10.1038/379460a0. PMID 8559253.
- O'Connell MA, Gerber A, Keller W (1997). "Purification of human double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1 (hRED1) involved in editing of brain glutamate receptor B pre-mRNA.". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1): 473–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.1.473. PMID 8995285.
- Valenzuela A, Blanco J, Callebaut C et al. (1997). "Adenosine deaminase binding to human CD26 is inhibited by HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 and viral particles.". J. Immunol. 158 (8): 3721–9. PMID 9103436.
- Lai F, Chen CX, Carter KC, Nishikura K (1997). "Editing of glutamate receptor B subunit ion channel RNAs by four alternatively spliced DRADA2 double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminases.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (5): 2413–24. PMC 232090. PMID 9111310.
- Yang JH, Sklar P, Axel R, Maniatis T (1997). "Purification and characterization of a human RNA adenosine deaminase for glutamate receptor B pre-mRNA editing.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (9): 4354–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.9.4354. PMC 20726. PMID 9113993.
- Gerber A, O'Connell MA, Keller W (1997). "Two forms of human double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1 (hRED1) generated by the insertion of an Alu cassette.". RNA 3 (5): 453–63. PMC 1369496. PMID 9149227.
- Villard L, Tassone F, Haymowicz M et al. (1997). "Map location, genomic organization and expression patterns of the human RED1 RNA editase.". Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 23 (2): 135–45. doi:10.1007/BF02679972. PMID 9330641.
- Hattori M, Fujiyama A, Taylor TD et al. (2000). "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 21.". Nature 405 (6784): 311–9. doi:10.1038/35012518. PMID 10830953.
- Blanco J, Valenzuela A, Herrera C et al. (2000). "The HIV-1 gp120 inhibits the binding of adenosine deaminase to CD26 by a mechanism modulated by CD4 and CXCR4 expression.". FEBS Lett. 477 (1-2): 123–8. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01751-8. PMID 10899322.
- Herrera C, Morimoto C, Blanco J et al. (2001). "Comodulation of CXCR4 and CD26 in human lymphocytes.". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (22): 19532–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M004586200. PMID 11278278.
- Maas S, Patt S, Schrey M, Rich A (2002). "Underediting of glutamate receptor GluR-B mRNA in malignant gliomas.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (25): 14687–92. doi:10.1073/pnas.251531398. PMC 64742. PMID 11717408.
- Jayan GC, Casey JL (2002). "Increased RNA editing and inhibition of hepatitis delta virus replication by high-level expression of ADAR1 and ADAR2.". J. Virol. 76 (8): 3819–27. doi:10.1128/JVI.76.8.3819-3827.2002. PMC 136091. PMID 11907222.
- Jaikaran DC, Collins CH, MacMillan AM (2002). "Adenosine to inosine editing by ADAR2 requires formation of a ternary complex on the GluR-B R/G site.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (40): 37624–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M204126200. PMID 12163487.
- Jayan GC, Casey JL (2002). "Inhibition of hepatitis delta virus RNA editing by short inhibitory RNA-mediated knockdown of ADAR1 but not ADAR2 expression.". J. Virol. 76 (23): 12399–404. doi:10.1128/JVI.76.23.12399-12404.2002. PMC 136899. PMID 12414985.
- Slavov D, Gardiner K (2003). "Phylogenetic comparison of the pre-mRNA adenosine deaminase ADAR2 genes and transcripts: conservation and diversity in editing site sequence and alternative splicing patterns.". Gene 299 (1-2): 83–94. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)01016-8. PMID 12459255.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
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