ACTA2
| Actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta |
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PDB rendering based on 1atn. |
| Available structures |
| PDB |
Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB |
| List of PDB id codes |
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1atn, 1c0f, 1c0g, 1d4x, 1dej, 1eqy, 1esv, 1h1v, 1hlu, 1ijj, 1j6z, 1kxp, 1lcu, 1lot, 1m8q, 1ma9, 1mdu, 1mvw, 1nlv, 1nm1, 1nmd, 1nwk, 1o18, 1o19, 1o1a, 1o1b, 1o1c, 1o1d, 1o1e, 1o1f, 1o1g, 1p8z, 1qz5, 1qz6, 1rdw, 1rfq, 1rgi, 1s22, 1sqk, 1t44, 1wua, 1y64, 1yxq, 2a3z, 2a40, 2a41, 2a42, 2a5x, 2asm, 2aso, 2asp, 2btf, 2d1k, 2ff3, 2ff6, 2fxu, 2gwj, 2gwk, 2hf3, 2hf4, 2hmp, 2oan, 2q1n, 2q31, 2q36
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| Identifiers |
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| Symbols | ACTA2 ; AAT6; ACTSA; MYMY5 |
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| External IDs | OMIM: 102620 MGI: 87909 HomoloGene: 133938 GeneCards: ACTA2 Gene |
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| RNA expression pattern |
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| More reference expression data |
| Orthologs |
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| Species | Human | Mouse | |
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| Entrez | 59 | 11475 | |
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| Ensembl | ENSG00000107796 | ENSMUSG00000035783 | |
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| UniProt | P62736 | P62737 | |
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| RefSeq (mRNA) | NM_001141945 | NM_007392 | |
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| RefSeq (protein) | NP_001135417 | NP_031418 | |
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| Location (UCSC) | Chr 10:
90.69 – 90.75 Mb | Chr 19:
34.24 – 34.26 Mb | |
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| PubMed search | | | |
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Alpha-actin-2 also known as actin, aortic smooth muscle or alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, SMactin, alpha-SM-actin, ASMA) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTA2 gene located on 10q22-q24.[1][2]
Actin alpha 2, the human aortic smooth muscle actin gene, is one of six different actin isoforms which have been identified. Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell motility, structure and integrity. Alpha actins are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus.[1]
Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) is commonly used as a marker of myofibroblast formation (Nagamoto et al., 2000).
References
Further reading
- Snásel J, Pichová I (1997). "The cleavage of host cell proteins by HIV-1 protease.". Folia Biol. (Praha) 42 (5): 227–30. doi:10.1007/BF02818986. PMID 8997639.
- Adams LD, Tomasselli AG, Robbins P et al. (1992). "HIV-1 protease cleaves actin during acute infection of human T-lymphocytes.". AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 8 (2): 291–5. doi:10.1089/aid.1992.8.291. PMID 1540415.
- Harris DE, Warshaw DM, Periasamy M (1992). "Nucleotide sequences of the rabbit alpha-smooth-muscle and beta-non-muscle actin mRNAs.". Gene 112 (2): 265–6. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(92)90388-6. PMID 1555776.
- Tomasselli AG, Hui JO, Adams L et al. (1991). "Actin, troponin C, Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein and pro-interleukin 1 beta as substrates of the protease from human immunodeficiency virus.". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (22): 14548–53. PMID 1907279.
- Jahoda CA, Reynolds AJ, Chaponnier C et al. (1991). "Smooth muscle alpha-actin is a marker for hair follicle dermis in vivo and in vitro.". J. Cell. Sci. 99 (3): 627–36. PMID 1939373.
- Ueyama H, Ohsugi R (1990). "TaqI polymorphism in the 3′ flanking region of the human aortic smooth muscle actin gene". Nucleic Acids Res. 18 (5): 1318. doi:10.1093/nar/18.5.1318. PMC 330483. PMID 1969628.
- Shoeman RL, Kesselmier C, Mothes E et al. (1991). "Non-viral cellular substrates for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease". FEBS Lett. 278 (2): 199–203. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(91)80116-K. PMID 1991513.
- Nakano Y, Nishihara T, Sasayama S et al. (1991). "Transcriptional regulatory elements in the 5' upstream and first intron regions of the human smooth muscle (aortic type) alpha-actin-encoding gene". Gene 99 (2): 285–9. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(91)90140-7. PMID 2022339.
- Reddy S, Ozgur K, Lu M et al. (1990). "Structure of the human smooth muscle alpha-actin gene. Analysis of a cDNA and 5' upstream region". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (3): 1683–7. PMID 2295650.
- Kamada S, Nakano Y, Kakunaga T (1990). "Structure of 3'-downstream segment of the human smooth muscle (aortic-type) alpha-actin-encoding gene and isolation of the specific DNA probe". Gene 84 (2): 455–62. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(89)90520-9. PMID 2612915.
- Kamada S, Kakunaga T (1989). "The nucleotide sequence of a human smooth muscle alpha-actin (aortic type) cDNA". Nucleic Acids Res. 17 (4): 1767. doi:10.1093/nar/17.4.1767. PMC 331843. PMID 2701935.
- Kedes L, Ng SY, Lin CS et al. (1986). "The human beta-actin multigene family". Trans. Assoc. Am. Physicians 98: 42–6. PMID 3842206.
- Ueyama H, Hamada H, Battula N, Kakunaga T (1984). "Structure of a human smooth muscle actin gene (aortic type) with a unique intron site". Mol. Cell. Biol. 4 (6): 1073–8. PMC 368875. PMID 6330528.
- Strauch AR, Rubenstein PA (1984). "A vascular smooth muscle alpha-isoactin biosynthetic intermediate in BC3H1 cells. Identification of acetylcysteine at the NH2 terminus". J. Biol. Chem. 259 (11): 7224–9. PMID 6725286.
- Ueyama H, Inazawa J, Ariyama T et al. (1995). "Reexamination of chromosomal loci of human muscle actin genes by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Jpn. J. Hum. Genet. 40 (1): 145–8. doi:10.1007/BF01874078. PMID 7780165.
- Arora PD, McCulloch CA (1994). "Dependence of collagen remodelling on alpha-smooth muscle actin expression by fibroblasts". J. Cell. Physiol. 159 (1): 161–75. doi:10.1002/jcp.1041590120. PMID 8138584.
- Iwata Y, Pan Y, Yoshida T et al. (1998). "Alpha1-syntrophin has distinct binding sites for actin and calmodulin". FEBS Lett. 423 (2): 173–7. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00085-4. PMID 9512352.
- Comer KA, Dennis PA, Armstrong L et al. (1998). "Human smooth muscle alpha-actin gene is a transcriptional target of the p53 tumor suppressor protein". Oncogene 16 (10): 1299–308. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201645. PMID 9546431.
External links
PDB gallery |
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| | 1atn: Atomic structure of the actin:DNASE I complex |
| 1c0f: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF DICTYOSTELIUM CAATP-ACTIN IN COMPLEX WITH GELSOLIN SEGMENT 1 |
| 1c0g: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF 1:1 COMPLEX BETWEEN GELSOLIN SEGMENT 1 AND A DICTYOSTELIUM/TETRAHYMENA CHIMERA ACTIN (MUTANT 228: Q228K/T229A/A230Y/E360H) |
| 1d4x: Crystal Structure of Caenorhabditis Elegans Mg-ATP Actin Complexed with Human Gelsolin Segment 1 at 1.75 A resolution. |
| 1dej: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A DICTYOSTELIUM/TETRAHYMENA CHIMERA ACTIN (MUTANT 646: Q228K/T229A/A230Y/A231K/S232E/E360H) IN COMPLEX WITH HUMAN GELSOLIN SEGMENT 1 |
| 1eqy: COMPLEX BETWEEN RABBIT MUSCLE ALPHA-ACTIN: HUMAN GELSOLIN DOMAIN 1 |
| 1esv: COMPLEX BETWEEN LATRUNCULIN A:RABBIT MUSCLE ALPHA ACTIN:HUMAN GELSOLIN DOMAIN 1 |
| 1h1v: GELSOLIN G4-G6/ACTIN COMPLEX |
| 1hlu: STRUCTURE OF BOVINE BETA-ACTIN-PROFILIN COMPLEX WITH ACTIN BOUND ATP PHOSPHATES SOLVENT ACCESSIBLE |
| 1ijj: THE X-RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX BETWEEN RABBIT SKELETAL MUSCLE ACTIN AND LATRUNCULIN A AT 2.85 A RESOLUTION |
| 1kxp: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN VITAMIN D-BINDING PROTEIN IN COMPLEX WITH SKELETAL ACTIN |
| 1lcu: Polylysine Induces an Antiparallel Actin Dimer that Nucleates Filament Assembly: Crystal Structure at 3.5 A Resolution |
| 1lot: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX OF ACTIN WITH VITAMIN D-BINDING PROTEIN |
| 1m8q: Molecular Models of Averaged Rigor Crossbridges from Tomograms of Insect Flight Muscle |
| 1ma9: Crystal structure of the complex of human vitamin D binding protein and rabbit muscle actin |
| 1mdu: Crystal structure of the chicken actin trimer complexed with human gelsolin segment 1 (GS-1) |
| 1mvw: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE |
| 1nlv: Crystal Structure Of Dictyostelium Discoideum Actin Complexed With Ca ATP And Human Gelsolin Segment 1 |
| 1nm1: Crystal Structure of D. Dicsoideum Actin Complexed With Gelsolin Segment 1 and Mg ATP at 1.8 A Resolution |
| 1nmd: Crystal Structure of D. Discoideum Actin-Gelsolin Segment 1 Complex Crystallized In Presence Of Lithium ATP |
| 1nwk: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF MONOMERIC ACTIN IN THE ATP STATE |
| 1o18: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE |
| 1o19: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE |
| 1o1a: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE |
| 1o1b: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE |
| 1o1c: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE |
| 1o1d: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE |
| 1o1e: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE |
| 1o1f: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE |
| 1o1g: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE |
| 1p8z: Complex Between Rabbit Muscle alpha-Actin: Human Gelsolin Residues Val26-Glu156 |
| 1qz5: Structure of rabbit actin in complex with kabiramide C |
| 1qz6: Structure of rabbit actin in complex with jaspisamide A |
| 1rdw: Actin Crystal Dynamics: Structural Implications for F-actin Nucleation, Polymerization and Branching Mediated by the Anti-parallel Dimer |
| 1rfq: Actin Crystal Dynamics: Structural Implications for F-actin Nucleation, Polymerization and Branching Mediated by the Anti-parallel Dimer |
| 1rgi: Crystal structure of gelsolin domains G1-G3 bound to actin |
| 1s22: Absolute Stereochemistry of Ulapualide A |
| 1sqk: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF CIBOULOT IN COMPLEX WITH SKELETAL ACTIN |
| 1t44: Structural basis of actin sequestration by thymosin-B4: Implications for arp2/3 activation |
| 1wua: The structure of Aplyronine A-actin complex |
| 1y64: Bni1p Formin Homology 2 Domain complexed with ATP-actin |
| 1yxq: Crystal structure of actin in complex with swinholide A |
| 2a3z: Ternary complex of the WH2 domain of WASP with Actin-DNAse I |
| 2a40: Ternary complex of the WH2 domain of WAVE with Actin-DNAse I |
| 2a41: Ternary complex of the WH2 Domain of WIP with Actin-DNAse I |
| 2a42: Actin-DNAse I Complex |
| 2a5x: Crystal Structure of a Cross-linked Actin Dimer |
| 2asm: Structure of Rabbit Actin In Complex With Reidispongiolide A |
| 2aso: Structure of Rabbit Actin In Complex With Sphinxolide B |
| 2asp: Structure of Rabbit Actin In Complex With Reidispongiolide C |
| 2btf: THE STRUCTURE OF CRYSTALLINE PROFILIN-BETA-ACTIN |
| 2d1k: Ternary complex of the WH2 domain of mim with actin-dnase I |
| 2ff3: Crystal structure of Gelsolin domain 1:N-wasp V2 motif hybrid in complex with actin |
| 2ff6: Crystal structure of Gelsolin domain 1:ciboulot domain 2 hybrid in complex with actin |
| 2fxu: X-ray Structure of Bistramide A- Actin Complex at 1.35 A resolution. |
| 2gwj: SpvB ADP-ribosylated actin: hexagonal crystal form |
| 2gwk: SpvB ADP-ribosylated actin: orthorhombic crystal form |
| 2hf3: Crystal structure of monomeric Actin in the ADP bound state |
| 2hf4: Crystal structure of Monomeric Actin in its ATP-bound state |
| 2hmp: Uncomplexed actin cleaved with protease ECP32 |
| 2oan: Structure of oxidized beta-actin |
| 2q1n: Actin Dimer Cross-linked Between Residues 41 and 374 |
| 2q31: Actin Dimer Cross-linked Between Residues 41 and 374 and proteolytically cleaved by subtilisin between residues 47 and 48. |
| 2q36: Actin Dimer Cross-linked between Residues 191 and 374 and complexed with Kabiramide C |
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| | Nonhuman | |
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| See also: cytoskeletal defects Index of cells |
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| | Description |
- Structure
- Organelles
- peroxisome
- cytoskeleton
- centrosome
- epithelia
- cilia
- mitochondria
- Membranes
- Membrane transport
- ion channels
- vesicular transport
- solute carrier
- ABC transporters
- ATPase
- oxidoreduction-driven
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| | Disease |
- Structural
- peroxisome
- cytoskeleton
- cilia
- mitochondria
- nucleus
- scleroprotein
- Membrane
- channelopathy
- solute carrier
- ATPase
- ABC transporters
- other
- extracellular ligands
- cell surface receptors
- intracellular signalling
- Vesicular transport
- Pore-forming toxins
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