ABCB5

ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 5
Identifiers
SymbolsABCB5 ; ABCB5alpha; ABCB5beta; EST422562
External IDsOMIM: 611785 HomoloGene: 83488 IUPHAR: 772 ChEMBL: 1772928 GeneCards: ABCB5 Gene
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez34027377706
EnsemblENSG00000004846ENSMUSG00000072791
UniProtQ2M3G0Q3UT27
RefSeq (mRNA)NM_001163941NM_029961
RefSeq (protein)NP_001157413NP_084237
Location (UCSC)Chr 7:
20.65 – 20.82 Mb		Chr 12:
118.87 – 118.97 Mb
PubMed search

ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 5 also known as P-glycoprotein ABCB5 is a plasma membrane-spanning protein that in humans is encoded by the ABCB5 gene.[1][2] ABCB5 is an ABC transporter and P-glycoprotein family member principally expressed in physiological skin and human malignant melanoma.[3][4][5]

ABCB5 has been suggested to regulate skin progenitor cell fusion and mediate chemotherapeutic drug resistance in stem-like tumor cell subpopulations in human malignant melanoma. It is commonly over-expressed on circulating melanoma tumour cells.[6][7] Furthermore, the ABCB5+ melanoma- initiating cells were demonstrated to express FLT1 (VEGFR1) receptor tyrosine kinase which was functionally required for efficient xenograft tumor formation, as demonstrated by shRNA knockdown experiments.[8]

More recently, the ABCB5 molecule has been shown to be functionally relevant to carcinogenesis, demonstrated in colorectal cancer where it was shown to act as a mediator of 5-FU patient chemoresistance, and had a further direct role in tumorigenesis shown by shRNA-mediated colorectal cancer cell-line ABCB5 knockdowns that impeded tumorigenesis in human-to-mouse xenografts.[9] These data revealed multiple roles for ABCB5 in cancer progression and chemoresistance, making it an attractive target for combined therapy. ABCB5 was similarly demonstrated in melanoma to be functionally important to multi-drug chemotherapy resistance, and tumor growth, controlling a proinflammatory signaling circuit utilizing TLR4, IL-1β, IL8 and CXCR1 signaling involving reciprocal paracrine interactions between the melanoma stem cell and tumor bulk population (in a rheostat manner termed "cancer stem cell rheostasis" by the authors). ABCB5 was shown to maintain the slow-cycling melanoma stem cells using this cytokine signaling loop, which became more differentiated upon ABCB5 interference (e.g. WFDC1 melanocyte differentiation marker increased, cancer cells were faster growing in vitro, tumors were more pigmented), or CXCR1 blockade (slow-cycling ABCB5+ cells entered the cell-cycle).[10]

In normal physiology ABCB5 was shown to be a functional marker for adult limbal stem cells of the cornea; ABCB5+ cells could regrow a human cornea on a mouse with limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD - a blindness disease of the corneal limbus) while ABCB5- cells could not, indicating a therapeutic potential for treating some types of blindness. ABCB5 was further shown to be anti-apoptotic in these adult stem cells.[11]

References

  1. ↑ Allikmets R, Gerrard B, Hutchinson A, Dean M (October 1996). "Characterization of the human ABC superfamily: isolation and mapping of 21 new genes using the expressed sequence tags database". Hum. Mol. Genet. 5 (10): 1649–55. doi:10.1093/hmg/5.10.1649. PMID 8894702.
  2. ↑ Frank NY, Pendse SS, Lapchak PH, Margaryan A, Shlain D, Doeing C, Sayegh MH, Frank MH (November 2003). "Regulation of progenitor cell fusion by ABCB5 P-glycoprotein, a novel human ATP-binding cassette transporter". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (47): 47156–65. doi:10.1074/jbc.M308700200. PMID 12960149.
  3. ↑ Chen KG, Szakács G, Annereau JP, Rouzaud F, Liang XJ, Valencia JC, Nagineni CN, Hooks JJ, Hearing VJ, Gottesman MM (April 2005). "Principal expression of two mRNA isoforms (ABCB5 alpha and ABCB5 beta ) of the ATP-binding cassette transporter gene ABCB5 in melanoma cells and melanocytes". Pigment Cell Res. 18 (2): 102–12. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0749.2005.00214.x. PMID 15760339.
  4. ↑ Frank NY, Margaryan A, Huang Y, Schatton T, Waaga-Gasser AM, Gasser M, Sayegh MH, Sadee W, Frank MH (May 2005). "ABCB5-mediated doxorubicin transport and chemoresistance in human malignant melanoma". Cancer Res. 65 (10): 4320–33. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3327. PMID 15899824.
  5. ↑ Chen KG, Valencia JC, Gillet JP, Hearing VJ, Gottesman MM (Dec 2009). "Involvement of ABC transporters in melanogenesis and the development of multidrug resistance of melanoma". Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 22 (6): 740–9. doi:10.1111/j.1755-148X.2009.00630.x. PMC 2766009. PMID 19725928.
  6. ↑ Schatton T, Murphy GF, Frank NY, Yamaura K, Waaga-Gasser AM, Gasser M, Zhan Q, Jordan S, Duncan LM, Weishaupt C, Fuhlbrigge RC, Kupper TS, Sayegh MH, Frank MH (January 2008). "Identification of cells initiating human melanomas". Nature 451 (7176): 345–9. doi:10.1038/nature06489. PMC 3660705. PMID 18202660.
  7. ↑ Ma J, Lin JY, Alloo A, Wilson BJ, Schatton T, Zhan Q, Murphy GF, Waaga-Gasser AM, Gasser M, Stephen Hodi F, Frank NY, Frank MH. (November 2010). "Isolation of tumorigenic circulating melanoma cells.". BBRC. 402 (4): 711–717. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.10.091. PMC 2998991. PMID 20977885.
  8. ↑ Frank NY, Schatton T, Kim S, Zhan Q, Wilson BJ, Ma J, Saab KR, Osherov V, Widlund HR, Gasser M, Waaga-Gasser AM, Kupper TS, Murphy GF, Frank MH (January 2011). "VEGFR-1 expressed by malignant melanoma initiating cells is required for tumor growth". Cancer Res 71 (4): 1474–1485. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-1660. PMC 3083845. PMID 21212411.
  9. ↑ Wilson BJ, Schatton T, Zhan Q, Gasser M, Ma J, Saab KR, Schanche R, Waaga-Gasser A, Gold JS, Huang Q, Murphy GF, Frank MH, Frank NY (June 2011). "ABCB5 identifies a therapy-refractory tumor cell population in colorectal cancer patients". Cancer Res. 71 (15): 5307–16. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-0221. PMC 3395026. PMID 21652540.
  10. ↑ Wilson BJ, Saab KR, Ma J, Schatton T, Putz P, Zhan Q, Murphy GF, Gasser M, Waaga-Gasser AM, Frank NY, Frank MH (Aug 2014). "ABCB5 maintains melanoma-initiating cells through a proinflammatory cytokine signaling circuit.". Cancer Res 74 (15): 4196–4207. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-0582. PMID 24934811.
  11. ↑ Ksander BR, Kolovou PE, Wilson BJ, Saab KR, Guo Q, Ma J, McGuire SP, Gregory MS, Vincent WJ, Perez VL, Cruz-Guilloty F, Kao WW, Call MK, Tucker BA, Zhan Q, Murphy GF, Lathrop KL, Alt C, Mortensen LJ, Lin CP, Zieske JD, Frank MH, Frank NY (July 2014). "ABCB5 is a limbal stem cell gene required for corneal development and repair.". Nature 511 (7509): 353–357. doi:10.1038/nature13426. PMID 25030174.

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