94th United States Congress
94th United States Congress | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Ninety-fourth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1975 to January 3, 1977, during the administration of U.S. President Gerald Ford.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Nineteenth Census of the United States in 1970. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.
Major events
- January 15, 1975: 1975 State of the Union Address
- April 30, 1975: Fall of Saigon
- June 10, 1975: The Rockefeller Commission issued its report on CIA abuses, recommending a joint congressional oversight committee on intelligence.
- September 5, 1975: Failed assassination attempt against President Ford by Lynette Fromme
- September 22, 1975: Failed assassination attempt against President Ford by Sara Jane Moore
- July 4, 1976: United States Bicentennial
- November 2, 1976:
- United States House of Representatives elections, 1976 and United States Senate elections, 1976: Democrats retain congress
- United States presidential election, 1976: Jimmy Carter (D) elected President
- December 12, 1976: Congressional Hispanic Caucus formed
Special or select committees
- Church Committee — July 27, 1975 – May 19, 1976; Replaced by Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
- Joint Committee on Arrangements for the Bicentennial — September 5, 1975 - October 1, 1976
Major legislation
- December 23, 1975: Metric Conversion Act, Pub.L. 94–168
- December 23, 1975: Revenue Adjustment Act (Earned Income Tax Credit), Pub.L. 94–164, 89 Stat. 970
- November 29, 1975: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Pub.L. 94–142, 89 Stat. 773
- February 5, 1976: Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act, Pub.L. 94–210, 90 Stat. 31
- September 13, 1976: Government in the Sunshine Act, Pub.L. 94–409, 90 Stat. 1241
- September 30, 1976: Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act, Pub.L. 94–435, 90 Stat. 1383
- October 11, 1976: Toxic Substances Control Act, Pub.L. 94–469, 90 Stat. 2003
- October 12, 1976: Overhaul of vocational education programs Pub.L. 94–482, 90 Stat. 2169
- October 19, 1976: Copyright Act of 1976, Pub.L. 94–553, 90 Stat. 2541
- October 21, 1976: Federal Land Policy and Management Act, Pub.L. 94–579, 90 Stat. 2744
- October 21, 1976: Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Pub.L. 94–580, 90 Stat. 2795
- October 22, 1976: National Forest Management Act, Pub.L. 94–588, 90 Stat. 2949
Party summary
Senate
Membership changed with two resignations and a disputed election.
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) |
Total | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Independent | Conservative | Republican | Vacant | ||
End of previous Congress | 57 | 1 | 1 | 40 | 100 | 0 |
Begin | 60 | 1 | 1 | 37 | 99 | 1 |
End | 61 | 100 | 0 | |||
Final voting share | 62% | 38% | ||||
Beginning of the next Congress | 61 | 1 | 0 | 38 | 100 | 0 |
House of Representatives
- Democratic: 291 (majority)
- Republican: 144
Total: 435
Leadership
Senate
Majority (Democratic) leadership
- Majority Leader: Mike Mansfield
- Majority Whip: Robert Byrd
Minority (Republican) leadership
- Minority Leader: Hugh Scott
- Minority Whip: Robert P. Griffin
House of Representatives
- Speaker: Carl Albert (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership
- Majority Leader: Tip O'Neill
- Majority Whip: John J. McFall
Minority (Republican) leadership
- Minority Leader: John Jacob Rhodes
- Minority Whip: Robert H. Michel
Members
Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress.
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
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Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
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House of Representatives
Many of the congressional districts are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
- Non-voting members
Changes in Membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
- Replacements: 8
- Democratic: no net change
- Republican: 1 seat net gain
- Deaths: 1
- Resignations: 6
- Vacancy: 0
Total seats with changes: 8
State (class) |
Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation |
---|---|---|---|---|
New Hampshire (3) |
Vacant | Disputed election. Norris Cotton appointed to seat until special election resolved dispute. | Norris Cotton (R) |
August 8, 1975 |
New Hampshire (3) |
Norris Cotton (R) |
Successor elected September 18, 1975 | John A. Durkin (D) |
September 18, 1975 |
Michigan (1) |
Philip Hart (D) |
Died December 26, 1976 | Donald W. Riegle, Jr. (D) |
December 27, 1976 |
Missouri (1) |
Stuart Symington (D) |
Resigned December 27, 1976 | John Danforth (R) |
December 27, 1976 |
Nebraska (1) |
Roman Hruska (R) |
Resigned December 27, 1976 | Edward Zorinsky (D) |
December 28, 1976 |
Ohio (1) |
Robert Taft, Jr. (R) |
Resigned December 28, 1976 | Howard Metzenbaum (D) |
December 29, 1976 |
Rhode Island (1) |
John O. Pastore (D) |
Resigned December 28, 1976 | John Chafee (R) |
December 29, 1976 |
Minnesota (2) |
Walter Mondale (DFL) |
Resigned December 30, 1976 after being elected Vice-President of the United States. | Wendell Anderson (DFL) |
December 30, 1976 |
California (1) |
John V. Tunney (D) |
Resigned January 1, 1977 | S. I. Hayakawa (R) |
January 2, 1977 |
House of Representatives
- replacements: 3
- Democratic: 3 seat net loss
- Republican: 2 seat net gain
- deaths: 2
- resignations: 2
- contested election:
- Total seats with changes: 4
District | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date successor seated |
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Oklahoma 5th | John Jarman (D) | Changed parties | John Jarman (R) | January 23, 1975 |
Illinois 5th | John C. Kluczynski (D) | Died January 26, 1975 | John G. Fary (D) | July 8, 1975 |
California 37th | Jerry Pettis (R) | Died February 14, 1975 | Shirley N. Pettis (R) | April 29, 1975 |
Tennessee 5th | Richard Fulton (D) | Resigned August 14, 1975 after being elected Mayor of Nashville | Clifford Allen (D) | November 25, 1975 |
New York 39th | James F. Hastings (D) | Resigned January 20, 1976 | Stan Lundine (R) | March 2, 1976 |
Texas 22nd | Robert R. Casey (D) | Resigned January 22, 1976 after being appointed a commissioner on the Federal Maritime Commission | Ron Paul (R) | April 3, 1976 |
Texas 1st | Wright Patman (D) | Died March 7, 1976 | Sam B. Hall (D) | June 19, 1976 |
Pennsylvania 1st | William A. Barrett (D) | Died April 12, 1976 | Ozzie Myers (D) | November 2, 1976 |
Massachusetts 7th | Torbert Macdonald (D) | Died May 21, 1976 | Ed Markey (D) | November 2, 1976 |
Missouri 6th | Jerry Litton (D) | Died August 3, 1976 | Tom Coleman (R) | November 2, 1976 |
Ohio 18th | Wayne Hays (D) | Resigned September 1, 1976 due to the Elizabeth Ray sex scandal | Vacant | Not filled this term |
Michigan 7th | Donald W. Riegle, Jr. (D) | Resigned December 30, 1976 after being appointed to the US Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term |
See also
References
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- Public Laws of the 94th Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History
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