636
This article is about the year 636. For the number, see 636 (number). For other uses, see 636 (disambiguation).
| Millennium: | 1st millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 6th century – 7th century – 8th century |
| Decades: | 600s 610s 620s – 630s – 640s 650s 660s |
| Years: | 633 634 635 – 636 – 637 638 639 |
| 636 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishment and disestablishment categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Gregorian calendar | 636 DCXXXVI |
| Ab urbe condita | 1389 |
| Armenian calendar | 85 ԹՎ ՁԵ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5386 |
| Bengali calendar | 43 |
| Berber calendar | 1586 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1180 |
| Burmese calendar | −2 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6144–6145 |
| Chinese calendar | 乙未年 (Wood Goat) 3332 or 3272 — to — 丙申年 (Fire Monkey) 3333 or 3273 |
| Coptic calendar | 352–353 |
| Discordian calendar | 1802 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 628–629 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4396–4397 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 692–693 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 558–559 |
| - Kali Yuga | 3737–3738 |
| Holocene calendar | 10636 |
| Iranian calendar | 14–15 |
| Islamic calendar | 14–15 |
| Japanese calendar | N/A |
| Julian calendar | 636 DCXXXVI |
| Korean calendar | 2969 |
| Minguo calendar | 1276 before ROC 民前1276年 |
| Seleucid era | 947/948 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 1178–1179 |
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Year 636 (DCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 636 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
- Arab–Byzantine War: Emperor Heraclius assembles a large army (100,000 men) consisting of contingents of Byzantines, Slavs, Franks, Georgians, Armenians, and Christian Arabs.[1]He establishes a base at Yaqusah (near Gadara), close to the edge of the Golan Heights, protecting the vital main road from Egypt to Damascus. The base is protected by deep valleys and precipitous cliffs, well supplied with water and grazing.[2]
- Summer – Heraclius summons a church assembly at Antioch and scrutinises the situation. He accepts the fact that Byzantine disobedience to God is to blame for the Christian disaster in Syria. Heraclius leaves for Constantinople with the words, ‘Peace be with you Syria — what a beautiful land you will be for your enemy’.[3]
Europe
- Chintila is elected by a convention of bishops and nobles in accordance with the 75th canon of the Fourth Council of Toledo as ruler of the Visigoths after the death of king Sisenand.
- Rothari (formerly duke of Brescia) marries widowed queen Gundeberga, and succeeds Arioald as king of the Lombards. During his reign he puts many insubordinate nobles to death.
Arabia
- August 15–20 – Battle of Yarmouk: In engagements along the Yarmouk River, Muslim forces (25,000 men)[4] of the Rashidun Caliphate led by Khalid ibn al-Walid decisively defeat the armies of the Byzantine Empire, effectively completing the Muslim conquest of Syria. It will be regarded as one of the most decisive battles in military history,[5][6] marking the first great wave of Muslim conquests after the death of Muhammad.
- The city of Basra (modern Iraq) is founded on the Shatt al-Arab at the head of the Persian Gulf. The port will become a major trading center for commodities from Arabia, India, and Persia.
- November 16–19 – Battle of al-Qādisiyyah: The Muslim Arab army defeat the Persian forces under Rostam Farrokhzād at Al-Qādisiyyah (Southern Mesopotamia).
Asia
- The Xumi Pagoda of Zhengding (China) is built during the reign of emperor Tai Zong.
By topic
Literature
- The historical texts of the Book of Northern Qi, Book of Chen, and Book of Sui are compiled in China during the Tang dynasty.
Religion
- Birinus, bishop of Dorchester, converts Cwichelm (son of king Cynegils of Wessex)[7] to Christianity. He dies soon afterward and is supposedly buried at Scutchamer Knob in East Hendred (South East England).
- June 30 – Fifth Council of Toledo: Chintila orders a meeting in the church of St. Leocadia; the bishops accept in a decree that only Gothic nobility (with military functions) may be king of the Visigothic Kingdom.
Births
- Æthelthryth, Anglo-Saxon princess (approximate date)
- Lambert of Maastricht, bishop (approximate date)
Deaths
- Arioald, king of the Lombards
- Bahman Jadhuyih, Persian general
- Ecgric, king of East Anglia (approximate date)
- Cwichelm, king of Wessex (approximate date)
- George Pisida, Byzantine poet (approximate date)
- April 4 – Isidore of Seville, archbishop and scholar
- Jalinus, Armenian nobleman
- Rostam Farrokhzād, Persian general (or 637)
- Sa'd ibn Ubadah, companion of Muhammad (approximate date)
- Sisenand, king of the Visigoths
- Theodore Trithyrius, Byzantine general (sacellarius)
- Zhangsun, empress of the Tang dynasty (b. 601)
References
- ↑ Al-Waqidi 8th century, p. 100
- ↑ Yarmuk 636 A.D.: The Muslim Conquest of Syria. David Nicolle (1994), p. 44. ISBN 1-85532-414-8
- ↑ The Great Islamic Conquests AD 632–750 (2009), David Nicolle, p. 51. ISBN 978-1-84603-273-8
- ↑ Nicolle, David (1994). Yarmuk 636 A.D.:The Muslim Conquest of Syria. Osprey Publishing. p. 43. ISBN 1-85532-414-8.
- ↑ Nafziger, George F.; Walton, Mark W. (2003). Islam at War. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing. p. 30. ISBN 0-275-98101-0.
- ↑ Nicolle, David (1994). Yarmuk 636 A.D.: The Muslim Conquest of Syria. Osprey Publishing. pp. 6, 19. ISBN 1-85532-414-8.
- ↑ Kirby, p. 51