51st Corps (German Empire)
| 51st Corps (Generalkommando zbV 51) | |
|---|---|
|
Flag of the Staff of a Generalkommando (1871–1918) | |
| Active | September 1916-1919 |
| Country |
 German Empire |
| Branch | Army |
| Engagements | |
| Disbanded | 1919 |
The 51st Corps (German: Generalkommando zbV 51) was a corps formation of the German Army in World War I. It was formed in September 1916 and was still in existence at the end of the war.[1]
Chronicle
The 51st[2] Corps (z.b.V.)[3] was formed in September 1916.[4] With the onset of trench warfare, the German Army recognised that it was no longer possible to maintain the traditional Corps unit, that is, one made up of two divisions. Whereas at some times (and in some places) a Corps of two divisions was sufficient, at other times 5 or 6 divisions were necessary. Therefore, under the Hindenburg regime (from summer 1916), new Corps headquarters were created without organic divisions.[5] These new Corps were designated General Commands for Special Use (German: Generalkommandos zur besonderen Verwendung).
The 51st Corps was sent to the Italian Front in September 1917 to help shore up the Austro-Hungarian Army. It commanded 26th (1st Württemberg) and 200th Divisions[6] and played a prominent part in the Battle of Caporetto under 14th Army. Following the successful offensive, the front soon froze again in trench warfare. The German High Command decided to withdraw its forces again to use on other fronts. On 23 January 1918 the Army Command was recalled (to form a new 17th Army on the Western Front). The German troops remaining on the Italian front came under the command of 51st Corps until it was withdrawn in February 1918.
By the end of the war, the Corps was serving on the Western Front as part of 2nd Army, Heeresgruppe Kronprinz Rupprecht with the following composition:[7]
- 2nd Cyclist Brigade
- 243rd Division
- 121st Division
- 54th Division
- 1st Guards Reserve Division
- 22nd Reserve Division
Commanders
The 51st Corps had the following commanders during its existence:[8][9]
| Commander | From | To |
|---|---|---|
| Generalleutnant Albert von Berrer | 27 August 1916 | 28 October 1917[10] |
| Generalleutnant Eberhard von Hofacker | 3 November 1917 | 23 August 1918 |
| Generalleutnant Hans von Below[11] | 23 August 1918 | end of war |
See also
References
- ↑ Cron 2002, pp. 88–89
- ↑ Note that Corps (z.b.V.) were designated with Arabic, not Roman, numerals.
- ↑ General Commands for Special Use Generalkommandos zur besonderen Verwendung (Genkdo z.b.V.)
- ↑ Cron 2002, p. 89
- ↑ Cron 2002, p. 87
- ↑ A division formed of elite Jäger Regiments.
- ↑ Ellis & Cox 1993, p. 187
- ↑ "The Prussian Machine, GenKdo". Retrieved 29 October 2012.
- ↑ "German War History". Retrieved 29 October 2012.
- ↑ Killed in action "Biography on The Prussian Machine". Retrieved 29 October 2012.
- ↑ Last commander was Hans von Below according to The Prussian Machine, but Ernst von Below according to German War History.
Bibliography
- Cron, Hermann (2002). Imperial German Army 1914-18: Organisation, Structure, Orders-of-Battle [first published: 1937]. Helion & Co. ISBN 1-874622-70-1.
- Ellis, John; Cox, Michael (1993). The World War I Databook. Aurum Press Ltd. ISBN 1-85410-766-6.
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